• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.728-744
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• 2007

In East Asia, regional identity can be expected to obtain popular consent more successfully when it is firmly based on historical-geographical reality. This study is an attempt to apply a broadened concept of place to the identification of East Asia as a cultural region. Cultural mixture within places at various scales, rather than cultural integration across those places, would give greater coherence to East Asia as a cultural region. This cultural mixture varies from one place to another, depending on the relative position in power relations. It could appear in the form of either domination or resistance, and even entanglement. The concept of a "mountain as a contested place" is proposed as an experimental effort to search for the basis for cultural identity within East Asia. This concept of place should be extended to the individual studies of such spatial units as houses, gardens, villages and cities. These individual studies, if accumulated, would result in improved theories of East Asia as a region that has a distinct cultural identity in historical-geographical terms.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.346-352
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• 2022

Mountain meteorology in South Korea that is covered mountains with complex terrain is important for understanding and managing the forest disaster and forest ecosystems. In particular, recent changes in dryness and/or rainfall intensity due to climate change may cause an increase in the possibility of forest disasters. Therefore, accurate monitoring of mountain meteorology is needed for efficient forest management. Korea Forest Service (KFS) is establishing the Automatic Mountain Meteorology Observation Stations (AMOS) in the mountain regions since 2012. 464 AMOSs are observing various meteorological variables such as air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation, soil temperature, and air pressure for every minute, which is conducted the quality control (QC) to retain data reliability. QC process includes the physical limit test, step test, internal consistency test, persistence test, climate range test, and median filter test. All of AMOS observations are open to use, which can be found from the Korean Mountain Meteorology Information System (KoMIS, http://mtweather.nifos.go.kr/) of the National Institute of Forest Science and the Public Data Portal (https://public.go.kr/). AMOS observations with guaranteed quality can be used in various forest fields including the public safety, forest recreation, forest leisure activities, etc., and can contribute to the advancement of forest science and technology. In this paper, a series of processes are introduced to collect and use the AMOS dataset in the mountain region in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 2007

This study was to establish the floristic composition of northern region in Gyeonggi-Province area($126^{\circ}45^{\prime}-127^{\circ}37^{\prime}E$, $37^{\circ}31^{\prime}-38^{\circ}17^{\prime}N$). This work was investigated from April, 1988 to October, 2004. The flora of vascular plants of northern region in Gyeonggi-Province were consisted of total 2,030 taxa; 145 families, 656 genera, 1,611 species, 7 subspecies, 320 varieties, 1 subvarieties and 91 formae. Among them, Korean endemic species were composed of 46 families, 85 genera, 84 species, 35 varieties, 1 subvarieties, and 18 formae, total 138 taxa. The rare and endangered plants based on floral region indicated by Ministry of Environment were 416 taxa; V rank species 18 taxa, IV rank species 79 taxa, III rank species 111 taxa, II rank species 80 taxa, I rank species 128 taxa. Also the naturalized plants were 114 species, correspond to 39.7% of among total 287 species appeared in South Korea. the result of PCA, Gwangju mountain chain at northern region of Gyeonggi-Province has rich and diverse vascular plants, and there are many Korean endemic, rare and endangered plants. therefore Gwangju mountain chain must be the core axis in for conserving the plant biodiversity and richness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 1987

Simple estimating method of rock drilling and blasting work size is necessary to apply as a guidance of general road plan and a cost analysis of mountain forest road construction. For this work study, 11 cycles were divided in 5km route at Hyeonnammeon Yangyang-gun and the mountain slope at every 20m interval was measured. During working days all kind of works concerned on drilling and blasting was investigated in every cycle. Depending on the simple work study results it's work size can bef estimated with high correlation between drilling length in meter and frequency percentage of mountain slope more than 70%. With total drilling length known the machinery hours, drillers and explosive quantify can be estimated by the regression with high correlation. Estimation of drilling and blasting work by mountain slope gradient in road route is proposed like table 5 with estimating value of machinery hour, drillers and explosive in granite gneiss region.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 2015

This study was conducted to perform various sensitivity experiments using WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model in order to determine the effects of terrains of the Korean Peninsula and the land-sea thermal contrast on the formation and development of the convergent cloud band for the cases of 1 February 2012. The sensitivity experiments consist of the following five ones: CNTL experiment (control experiment), and TMBT experiment, BDMT experiment and ALL experiment that set the terrain altitude of Taeback Mountains and Northern mountain complex as zero, respectively, and the altitude of the above-mentioned two mountains as zero, and LANDSEA experiment that set to change the Korean Peninsula into sea in order to find out the land-sea thermal contrast effect. These experiment results showed that a cold air current stemming from the Siberian high pressure met the group of northern mountains with high topography altitude and was separated into two air currents. These two separated air currents met each other again on the Middle and Northern East Sea, downstream of the group of northern mountains and converged finally, creating the convergent cloud band. And these experiments suggested that the convergent cloud band located on the Middle and Northern East Sea, and the cloud band lying on the southern East sea to the coastal waters of the Japanese Island facing the East Sea, were generated and developed by different dynamical mechanisms. Also it was found that the topography of Taeback Mountains created a warm air advection region due to temperature rise by adiabatic compression near the coastal waters of Yeongdong Region, downstream of the mountains. In conclusion, these experiment results clearly showed that the most essential factor having an effect on the generation and development of the convergent cloud band was the topography effect of the northern mountain complex, and that the land-sea thermal contrast effect was insignificant.

• Atmosphere
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.373-389
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• 2011

This research focuses on the sensitivity of the WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) Model according to three different land cover data(USGS(United States Geological Survey), MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)30s+USGS, and KLC (Korea Land Cover)) for an event of sea breeze, occurred over the Gangwon Yeongdong region on 13 May 2009. Based on the observation, the easterly into Gangneung, due to the sea-breeze circulation, was identified between 1000 LST and 1640 LST. It did not reach beyond the Taebaek Mountain Range and thus the easterly was not observed near Daegwallyeong. On the other hand, the numerical simulations utilizing land cover data of USGS, MODIS30s+USGS, and KLC showed easterlies beyond the Taebaek Mountain Range up to Daegwallyeong. In addition, rather different penetration distances of each easterly, and different timings of beginning and ending of sea breeze were identified among the simulations. The Bias, MAE(Mean Absolute Error) and RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) of the wind from WRF simulation using MODIS30s+USGS land cover data were the least among the simulations particularly over Gangwon Yeongdong coastal area(Sokcho, Gangneung and Donghae), while those of the wind over the Gangwon Mountain area(Daegwallyeong and Jinbu) from the simulation using KLC land cover data were the least among them. The wind field over Gangwon Yeongdong coastal area from the simulation using USGS land cover data was rather poor among them.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2019

More than 64% of Korea's land is occupied by mountain regions, which have terrain characteristics that make it vulnerable to mountain disasters. The trails of Taebaeksan Mountain National Park-the region considered in this study-are located in the vicinity of steep slopes, and therefore, the region is vulnerable to landslides and debris flow during heavy storms. In this study, a slope stability model, which is a deterministic analysis method, was used to examine the potential occurrence of landslides. According to the soil classification of the detailed soil map, the specific weight of soil, effective cohesion, internal friction angle of soil, effective soil depth, and ground slope were used as the parameters of the model, and slope stability was evaluated based on the DEM of a 1 m grid. The results of the slope stability analysis showed that the more hazardous the area was, the closer the ratio of groundwater/effective soil depth is to 1.0. Further, many of the private houses and commercial facilities in the lower part of the national park were shown to be exposed to danger.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.120-124
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• 2017

We report the species of medicinal plants collected in Khuvsgul and Khangai Mountain regions of Mongolia. Of the vascular plants that occur in the study region, a total of 280 medicinal plant species belonging to 164 genera from 51 families are reported. Of these, we collected voucher specimen for 123 species between June and August in the years 2015 and 2016. The families Asteraceae (46 species), Fabaceae (37 species), and Ranunculaceae (37 species) were represented most in the study area, while Astragalus (21 species), Taraxacum (20 species), and Potentilla (17 species) were the most common genera found.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2003

Urban forests have various environmental benefits, contributing to the quality of urban life. However, these values have been underestimated or never been reflected in the urban development planning in Korea. As a result, a number of forests in urban areas were either partly or wholly destroyed without their public's values being assessed explicitly. The objective of this paper is to estimate the economic benefits attached to Mt. Kwanggyo in the Capital Region using contingent valuation method, aiming to provide policy-makers with useful information to make an informed public decision in urban development planning. The survey was carefully designed and implemented to meet a number of recommendation rules suggested in the literature. The overall results show that the respondents well accepted the contingent market and would be willing to pay a significant amount for the proposed program of conserving the mountain. Total economic benefits for the population amounted to approximately 3.8 billion Korean won per year. This quantitative information can be used in cost-benefit analysis of urban development plans.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

Human caliciviruses (HuCVs) cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Three major genogroups of HuCVs have been described including the Norwalk virus (NV)-, the Snow Mountain virus (SMA)-, and the Sapporo-genogroups. This study describes the detection and genetic variation of HuCVs from hospitalized infants with AGE in Korea by RT-PCR and sequencing. The cDNA fragments of 206 to 470bp corresponding to the region of 3 primer pairs (36/35, 35/51 or 3/51) in the polymerase region of NV were generated. Of 185 stools screened, 8% were positive by RT-PCR and their sequences showed that all strains contained the GLPSG and YGDD motifs which are conserved for HuCVs. Amino acid (aa) sequence analysis showed that these strains can be divided into 3 major genogroups. High conservation was observed in that one strain shares 100% of aa sequence with Southampton virus, another shares 99% with the Sapporo virus, and six strains share 90 to 95% with Snow Mountain virus. However, significant sequence variation was also found in other strains. This study indicates that all major genogroups of HuCVs are circulating in Korea.