• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2024

This paper is a numerical analysis study for evaluating the energy efficiency of electric vehicles. Currently, the methods for testing and evaluating the energy consumption efficiency of electric vehicles have limitations such as resources and time. Therefore, there is a need for research on developing models to predict the energy consumption efficiency of electric vehicles. In this study, a numerical analysis research is conducted to predict the energy efficiency of electric vehicles using a vehicle dynamics numerical analysis model. To validate the accuracy of the simulation model, it is compared the results of dynamometer tests with the simulation results and used the Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) protocol to acquire internal data from the electric vehicle. It is ensured the reliability of the simulation model by comparing data such as motor speed, battery voltage, current, state of charge (SOC), regenerative braking power generation, and total driving distance of the test vehicle with dynamometer test data and simulation model results.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.408-417
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• 2011

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are specialized hybrid electric vehicles that have the potential to obtain enough energy for average daily commuting from batteries. The PHEV battery would be recharged from the power grid at home or at work and would thus allow for a reduction in the overall fuel consumption. This paper proposes an integrated power electronics interface for PHEVs, which consists of a novel Eight-Switch Inverter (ESI) and an interleaved DC/DC converter, in order to reduce the cost, the mass and the size of the power electronics unit (PEU) with high performance at any operating mode. In the proposed configuration, a novel Eight-Switch Inverter (ESI) is able to function as a bidirectional single-phase AC/DC battery charger/ vehicle to grid (V2G) and to transfer electrical energy between the DC-link (connected to the battery) and the electric traction system as DC/AC inverter. In addition, a bidirectional-interleaved DC/DC converter with dual-loop controller is proposed for interfacing the ESI to a low-voltage battery pack in order to minimize the ripple of the battery current and to improve the efficiency of the DC system with lower inductor size. To validate the performance of the proposed configuration, the indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to optimize the efficiency of the AC drive system in PHEVs. The maximum efficiency of the motor is obtained by the evaluation of optimal rotor flux at any operating point, where the PSO is applied to evaluate the optimal flux. Moreover, an improved AC/DC controller based Proportional-Resonant Control (PRC) is proposed in order to reduce the THD of the input current in charger/V2G modes. The proposed configuration is analyzed and its performance is validated using simulated results obtained in MATLAB/ SIMULINK. Furthermore, it is experimentally validated with results obtained from the prototypes that have been developed and built in the laboratory based on TMS320F2808 DSP.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2021

In order for small electric vehicles to drive on hilly roads in Korea, methods to improve the climbing ability and power performance of vehicles should be taken. In order to improve the power performance of small electric vehicles, the performance of motors mounted on electric vehicles should be improved. However, if the performance of the motor is improved to improve the power performance of the electric vehicle, it is possible to lower the price competitiveness accordingly. In addition, the power consumption of the battery is rapidly increased to drive the high-performance motor, so in order to introduce the small electric vehicle into the domestic market, various problems must be overcome. In order to commercialize small electric vehicles that do not emit harmful exhaust gases to the human body in the hilly domestic terrain, it is effective to introduce a separate continuously variable transmission system that can improve the climbing ability and power transmission ability. In this study, we propose a proprietary model of continuously variable transmissions that can be applied to small electric vehicles. The proposed continuously variable transmission is equipped with a spring in the driving pulley and the driven pulley, and has the advantage of performing a shift that increases torque in a situation where the vehicle needs to increase torque when driving on a hill. In addition, the basic design for commercialization of the proposed continuously variable transmission was carried out, and the prototype manufactured and attached to the body of a small electric vehicle.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2022

Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) show great potential to reduce gas emission, improve fuel efficiency and offer more driving range flexibility. Moreover, PHEV help to preserve the eco-system, climate changes and reduce the high demand for fossil fuels. To address this; some basic components and energy resources have been used, such as batteries and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs). However, the FC remains unsatisfactory in terms of power density and response. In light of the above, an electric storage system (ESS) seems to be a promising solution to resolve this issue, especially when it comes to the transient phase. In addition to the FC, a storage system made-up of an ultra-battery UB is proposed within this paper. The association of the FC and the UB lead to the so-called Fuel Cell Battery Electric Vehicle (FCBEV). The energy consumption model of a FCBEV has been built considering the power losses of the fuel cell, electric motor, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, and brakes. To do so, the implementing a reinforcement-learning energy management strategy (EMS) has been carried out and the fuel cell efficiency has been optimized while minimizing the hydrogen fuel consummation per 100km. Within this paper the adopted approach over numerous driving cycles of the FCBEV has shown promising results.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2005

This paper presents a development of the auxiliary power supply simulator for a electric rolling stock. An auxiliary power supplies are required for operating air conditioning units, ventilation fans, lighting and battery charging. Traditionally this function has been fulfilled by Motor-Alternator sets. In recent years, high performance of semiconductor and micro processor, availability and price have made three phase voltage source inverters as an attractive alternative to MA Sets. From the baseline model of the SIV(Static InVerter) for electric rolling stock, we designed the scale down model of the auxiliary power supply simulator consisting of an IGBT three phase voltage source inverter. The auxiliary power supply simulator can be used educatory purpose for training efficiently about operating principles of SIV.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2009

In this paper, a robust model based fault detection for varying temperature is proposed, To develop a robust force estimation model, it needs temperature information because the force sensor's output is affected by a temperature variation. If an EPB system does not include a temperature sensor, the model has a much larger error than an EPB system with a built-in temperature sensor. Therefore, the temperature is estimated by using Ohm's law. The force model is applied with a motor current, battery voltage, operation mode, and the estimated temperature to detect a force sensor's abnormal signal fault. The residual is calculated by comparing the value of the measured force and the estimated force. Fault information is collected by using the output of the evaluated residual with the adaptive thresholds. A proposed robust model based fault detection for varying temperature was verified by HILS (Hardware in the Loop Simulation).

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.120-131
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• 2011

This paper proposes two control strategies for the bidirectional Z-source inverters (BZSI) supplied by batteries for electric vehicle applications. The first control strategy utilizes the indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) method to control the induction motor speed. The proposed speed control strategy is able to control the motor speed from zero to the rated speed with the rated load torque in both motoring and regenerative braking modes. The IFOC is based on PWM voltage modulation with voltage decoupling compensation to insert the shoot-through state into the switching signals using the simple boost shoot-through control method. The parameters of the four PI controllers in the IFOC technique are designed based on the required dynamic specifications. The second control strategy uses a proportional plus resonance (PR) controller in the synchronous reference frame to control the AC current for connecting the BZSI to the grid during the battery charging/discharging mode. In both control strategies, a dual loop controller is proposed to control the capacitor voltage of the BZSI. This controller is designed based on a small signal model of the BZSI using a bode diagram. MATLAB simulations and experimental results verify the validity of the proposed control strategies during motoring, regenerative braking and grid connection operations.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

In new generation vehicle technologies, a fuel cell vehicle becomes more important, by virtue of their emission merits. In addition, a fuel cell is considered as a major source to generate the electricity for vehicles in near future. This paper focuses on modeling of not only an electric vehicle and but also a fuel cell vehicle to estimate performances. And an EV cart is manufactured to verify the modeling. Speed, voltage, and current of the vehicle and modeling are compared to estimate them at acceleration test and driving mode test. The estimations are also compared with the data of the Ballard Nexa fuel cell stack. In order to investigate a fuel cell based vehicle, motor and fuel cell models are integrated in a electric vehicle model. The characteristics of individual components are also integrated. Calculated fuel cell equations show good agreements with test results. In the fuel cell vehicle simulation, maximum speed and hydrogen fuel consumption are estimated. Even though there is no experimental data from vehicle tests, the vehicle simulation showed physically-acceptable vehicle characteristics.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2004

A performance simulator for the fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) is developed to evaluate the potentials of hybridization for fuel cell electric vehicle. Dynamic models of FCHEV's electric powertrain components such as fuel cell stack, battery, traction motor, DC/DC converter, etc. are obtained by modular approach using MATLAB SIMULINK. In addition, a thermodynamic model of the fuel cell is introduced using bondgraph to investigate the temperature effect on the vehicle performance. It is found from the simulation results that the hybridization of fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) provides better hydrogen fuel economy especially in the city driving owing to the braking energy recuperation and relatively high efficiency operation of the fuel cell. It is also found from the thermodynamic simulation of the FCEV that the fuel economy and acceleration performance are affected by the temperature due to the relatively low efficiency and reduced output power of the fuel cell stack at low temperature.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1033_1034
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 과도특성을 포함한 연료전지 모델을 입력전원으로 파라미터를 변화시키면서 시뮬레이션을 수행하고 DC전원 입력의 시뮬레이션 결과와 비교하여 과도특성이 부하 에너지와 공급 에너지의 불균형에 미치는 영향을 수치적으로 나타내었다. 또한, 자동차 주행패턴으로부터 부하 수요 에너지를 유도하고 연료전지 모델과 PCS 연동시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 배터리 용량의 최적설계기법을 기술한다.