• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

Recently, several investigations revealed that after unilateral brain damage, movement abnormalities were exposed on the ipsilateral side as well as the upper extremity contralateral to the damaged hemisphere. Even the motor abilities had significantly recovered from ipsilateral motor deficits on not only simple sensoriomotor function, also clinical assessments since subacute stage, although could not completely returned. Such motor deficits were detected in a diversity of motor tasks depending on the interhemispheric specialization, further in clinical evaluation and a daily of activities. In the clinical features, muscular weakness, sensory loss and impaired manual dexterity were observed. In a laboratory experiment, there were increasing evidences that the kinematic processing deficits was founded in various-specific motor tasks, which ranged from simple basic element to complex tasks, such as tapping task, step-tracking, goal directional aiming task, and iso(and non-)directional interlimb coordination. In the point of view, the manifest understanding in related to ipsilateral deficits provide the clinicians with an important information for scientific management about brain injured patient's prognosis and therapeutic guidelines.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Vojta therapy on Gross Motor Function Measurement(GMFM) and Selective Voluntary Motor Control (SVMC) in children with Spastic diplegia. Methods : During this experiment, the subject of four children diagnosed with spastic diplegia was tested using ABA design for Single-subject Experimental Research Design. The procedure consisted of baseline, intervention and follow-up phase which was held thirty minutes each for three times a week for a total of 24 times. Gross motor function was measured using GMFM and selective voluntary motor control was measured using SCALE. Results : According to this study, the gross motor function and selective voluntary motor control of all subjects were improved from their intervention phase to their baseline phase. During the follow phase which the intervention was removed, the ability that was enhanced during the prior phases was still either maintained or only reduced slightly. Conclusion : The Vojta therapy used on children diagnosed with spastic diplegia was effective on both GMFM and SVMC. In other words, the therapy was effective on coordination. However, this study is difficult to be generalized due to the insufficient number of subject. In further studies, it will be necessary to increase the number of trials with a control group in order to generalize the effectiveness of Vojta therapy.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.72-85
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• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 발달성협응장애 아동을 대상으로 인지기반 작업수행 중재의 목표 활동, 중재 방법 및 중재 효과, 평가도구에 관한 정보를 수집하고 분석하여 중재 효과에 대한 근거를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2012년 1월부터 2022년 10월까지 게재된 논문을 대상으로, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Cochrance Library 데이터베이스를 이용하여 검색하였다. 검색어는 ('developmental coordination disorder' OR 'DCD') AND ('Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance' OR 'Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance' OR 'CO-OP')이었다. 검색된 211편 중 선정기준과 배제기준에 따라 총 7편의 논문을 선정하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 : 대상 문헌은 무작위 대조군 연구가 2편, 비무작위 두 집단 연구가 1편, 비무작위 한 집단 연구가 3편, 단일 대상 연구가 1편으로 전반적으로 근거 수준이 높게 나타났다. 중재의 목표 활동은 놀이, 교육, 일상생활활동 영역 순으로 선호도가 높았다. 인지기반 작업수행 중재는 대부분 한 회기에 1시간씩, 10회기로 진행하였으며, 작업수행과 운동기술에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 중재의 효과는 주로 Canadian Occupational Performance Measure(COPM)과 Performance Quality Rating Scale(PQRS)을 이용하여 작업수행 향상을, Movement Assessment Battery for Children(MABC)를 이용하여 운동 기술 향상을 평가하였다. 결론 : 본 연구는 발달성협응장애 아동의 인지기반 작업수행 중재 적용에 있어 임상적 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2015

Excess manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic. Increased manganese stores in the brain are associated with a number of behavioral problems, including motor dysfunction, memory loss and psychiatric disorders. We previously showed that the transport and neurotoxicity of manganese after intranasal instillation of the metal are altered in Hfe-deficient mice, a mouse model of the iron overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). However, it is not fully understood whether loss of Hfe function modifies Mn neurotoxicity after ingestion. To investigate the role of Hfe in oral Mn toxicity, we exposed Hfe-knockout ($Hfe^{-/-}$) and their control wild-type ($Hfe^{+/+}$) mice to $MnCl_2$ in drinking water (5 mg/mL) for 5 weeks. Motor coordination and spatial memory capacity were determined by the rotarod test and the Barnes maze test, respectively. Brain and liver metal levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Compared with the water-drinking group, mice drinking Mn significantly increased Mn concentrations in the liver and brain of both genotypes. Mn exposure decreased iron levels in the liver, but not in the brain. Neither Mn nor Hfe deficiency altered tissue concentrations of copper or zinc. The rotarod test showed that Mn exposure decreased motor skills in $Hfe^{+/+}$ mice, but not in $Hfe^{-/-}$ mice (p = 0.023). In the Barns maze test, latency to find the target hole was not altered in Mn-exposed $Hfe^{+/+}$ compared with water-drinking $Hfe^{+/+}$ mice. However, Mn-exposed $Hfe^{-/-}$ mice spent more time to find the target hole than Mn-drinking $Hfe^{+/+}$ mice (p = 0.028). These data indicate that loss of Hfe function impairs spatial memory upon Mn exposure in drinking water. Our results suggest that individuals with hemochromatosis could be more vulnerable to memory deficits induced by Mn ingestion from our environment. The pathophysiological role of HFE in manganese neurotoxicity should be carefully examined in patients with HFE-associated hemochromatosis and other iron overload disorders.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.67-87
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• 2005

Impaired sensorimotor function of the hand ipsilateral to a unilateral brain damage has been reported in a variety of motor task. however, it is still the controversial issue because of the difficulty of detection in clinical situation, patients' variability(time after onset, contralateral upper extremity severity, other cognitive functions including apraxia), and the performed various motor task. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of ipsilateral motor deficit following unilateral brain damage in three different specific tasks(hand tapping, visual tracking and coin rotation) compared with healthy age-sex matched control group using the same hand and to investigate the lateralized motor control in each hemispheric function. Findings revealed that stroke patients with unilateral brain damage experienced difficulties with rapid-simple repetitive movement, visuomotor coordination, complex sequencing movement on ipsilateral side. Also, Comparison of the left-hemispheric stroke groups and the right-hemispheric stroke groups revealed that patients with a left-hemisphere damage tended to be more variable in performing all of the three tasks. These results show that stroke patient with left hemisphere damage has more ipsilateral motor deficit, and the left hemisphere contributes to the processing of motor control that necessary for the executing actions with ipsilateral hand.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.455-465
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• 2010

Purpose : This study is intended to examine the motor skill learning on balance and coordination in the cerebellar injured rats by 3AP. Methods : This study selected 60 Sprague-Dawley rats of 8 weeks. Experiment groups were divided into four groups and assigned 15 rats to each group. Group I was a normal control group(induced by saline); Group II was a experimental control group(cerebellar injured by 3AP); Group III was a group of motor skill learning after cerebellar injured by 3AP; Group IV was a group of treadmill exercise after cerebellar injured by 3AP. In each group, motor performance test, histologic observations, synaptophysin expression and electron microscopy observation were analyzed. Results : In motor performance test, the outcome of group II was significantly lower than the group III, IV(especially group III)(p<.001). In histological finding, the experimental groups were destroy of dendrities and nucleus of cerebellar neurons. Group III, IV were decreased in degeneration of cerebellar neurons(especially group III). In immunohistochemistric response of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex, experimental groups were decreased than group I. Group III's expression of synaptophysin was more increased than group II, IV. In electron microscopy finding, the experimental groups were degenerated of Purkinje cell. Conclusion : These result suggest that improved motor performance by motor skill learning after harmaline induced is associated with dynamically altered expression of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex and that is related with synaptic plasticity.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between visual perception ability and activities of daily living(ADL) in the children with spastic diplegia who were treated at developmental disabilities children salutary institute. Method : The subject were consisted of 8 children with spastic diplegia(mean age, 10). The visual perception ability was measured by the Developmental Test of Visual Perception(DTVP) and by the Functional Independence Measure for Children(WeeFIM) to evaluate activities of daily living. Collected data analysis were completed by using correlation analysis. Results : Visual perception ability of children with spastic diplegia is the highest in Position in Space(PS) score, and is the lowest in Visual-Motor coordination(VM) score. Average visual perception performance of children with spastic diplegia is the highest in SR(Spatial relationship) score, and is the lowest in VM score. In activities of daily living, eating component were significantly correlated with Visual-Motor coordination. Conclusions : Therefore, accurate evaluation of visual perception ability and visual perception training for children with spastic diplegia will be important to improve patient's activities of daily living skill.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.69-82
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• 2021

목적 : 본 연구는 발달성협응장애(Developmental Coordination Disorder; DCD)에 관한 국내 연구동향 및 DCD의 선별이나 중재에 관한 연구결과를 고찰하여 향후 관련 종사자들이 연구를 설계하거나 중재결과를 효과적으로 제시할 수 있도록 기본정보를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 체계적 고찰방법을 사용하여 1990년 1월부터 2020년 12월까지 국내에서 발행된 논문들 중 발달성협응장애와 관련된 논문을 검색하였다. 검색어는 국내의 연구현황을 확인하기 위해 '발달성협응장애', '발달협응', '발달적 협응'으로 선정하였다. 검색원은 한국교육학술정보원과 한국학술정보, 구글학술검색을 사용하였다. 검색된 4,878개의 논문 중 중복되어 검색된 논문과 배제기준에 해당되는 논문을 제외한 총 17편의 논문이 분석에 사용되었다. 선정된 논문은 DCD연구 중 평가와 중재접근을 분석하기 위하여 Wilson(2005)이 제시한 개념적 모델을 이용하였다. 결과 : 선정된 연구의 질적수준을 분석한 결과에 따르면 두 집단간의 비무작위 연구인 level II가 70%를 차지하였다. 연구설계 시대상 아동의 DCD 유무를 판별하기 위해 Movement Assessment Battery for Children test(MABC)와 MABC Second Edition(MABC-2)(72%)가 운동발달 평가도구로 주로 사용되었다. 중재연구 중 역동체계접근을 적용한 논문은 47%으로 가장 높았으며, 정상발달기술접근의 논문과 인지적 신경과학을 적용한 논문은 각각 18%이었고, 신경발달이론을 적용한 논문은 11%이었다. 정상발달기술접근과 일반적 능력접근을 병행한 논문은 6%로 가장 낮은 사용을 보였다. 이들 논문은 주로 DCD아동들의 운동특성이나 운동(체육)프로그램의 중재효과에 관한 것이었다. 결론 : 국내에서 진행된 DCD관련 연구는 대부분 DCD의 움직임 특성을 설명하거나 운동 중재프로그램의 효과성을 설명한 연구가 주류를 이루었다. 향후 DCD 연구에서는 국내 실정에 적합한 평가도구들의 타당성에 관한 연구와 재활 분야에서 사용하고 있는 다양한 중재접근의 효과를 입증하여 DCD 아동의 운동협응을 향상시키기 위한 시도가 필요하다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2020

Accurate parameters based on equivalent circuit are required for high-performance field-oriented control in a three-phase induction motor. In a normal case, stator resistance can be accurately measured using a measuring equipment. Except for stator resistance, all machine parameters on the equivalent circuit should be estimated with particular algorithms. In the viewpoint of traditional regions, the parameters of an induction motor can be identified through the no-load and standstill test. This study proposes an identification method that uses the d-axis model of the induction motor in a stationary frame with the predefined information on stator resistance. Mutual inductance is estimated on the rotational dq coordination similar to that in the traditional no-load experiment test. The leakage inductance and rotor resistance can be estimated simply by applying different voltages and frequencies in the d-axis model of the induction motor. The proposed method is verified through simulation and experimental results.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2004

The concept of segmental stabilization has been one of the most exciting advancements in the field of physical therapy. Specific deep stabilizing muscle have proven to reverse motor control deficits that occurs after back injury. After an injury, a new motor programming strategy is adopted and there is excessive recruitment of the large , strong , global muscular system works instead of small segmental deep muscle recruitment for stability. Many physical therapists and doctors mistakenly prescribe therapeutic exercise for low back pain to use larger, superficial musculature to strengthen the spine for stability and pain control. But motor control coordination of local segmental muscle is actually the key to stability and pain control, not strengthening of global muscle. A recent focus in physiotherapy management of patients with chronic back pain has been the specific training of muscles surrounding the lumbar spine whose primary role is considered to be the provision of dynamic stability and segmental control to the spine. These are the deep transverse abdominis muscle and lumbar multifudus.