• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2021

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a technology that acquires and analyzes electrical signals from the brain to control external devices. BCI technologies can generally be used to control a computer cursor, limb orthosis, or word processing. This technology can also be used as a neurological rehabilitation tool for people with poor motor control. We reviewed historical attempts and methods toward predicting arm movements using brain waves. In addition, representative studies of minimally invasive and noninvasive BCI were summarized.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects in the muscle function following 8-week dead-lift training with Whole-body Vibration(WBV) in rehabilitation for sports players. Method : Twenty young sports players. Each subjects were randomly assigned to a resistance training with Whole-body vibration group(TG, n=10), a resistance training without Whole-body vibration group(CG, N=10). The measurements which physical fitness test and joint torque test were performed before the randomization and after the 4-week and 8-week. The WBV group performed the dynamic Dead-lift exercise on a vibration platform during one minute. The CG group performed the equal training without vibration. The WBV and CON group repeated 5 set and trained two times weekly for 8-weeks. Paired t-test was used to test for differences between the groups at baseline and after 4-weeks and 8-Weeks. And independent t-test was used to test for differences between the groups at TG and CG. All analyses were executed using SPSS software 18.0. The level of significance was set at p<.050. Results : Following the 8-Weeks training sessions, an increase in the back-muscle strength was found to be greater for the TG compared with the CG group(p<.05). Muscle endurance was significantly decreased after training than before training only for the CG(p<.05). Isometric Hip/Lumber Extension/Flextion measurement was found to be significantly greater for the TG compared with the CG group(p<.05). The finding indicates that WBV effects as an efficient training stimulus to enhance muscle function by facilitating neural control trail. Following muscle activation in motor unit synchronization of the co-contraction of the muscles. Conclusion : The results imply that the WBV training may have enhanced muscle function in rehabilitation for sports players.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 2017

The aim of the study is to examine the reliability and validity of UFOV, which is a visual driving evaluation tool that has been proven to be reliable and valid in western countries, for the purpose of adapting the tool in a systematic manner to the South Korean population. Two evaluator assessed 23 healthy and 19 stroke patients with UFOV, Trail Making Test A & B(TMT A & B) and Motor Free Visual Perception Test(MVPT) from 7 October 2014 to 25 November, 2014. The researcher analyzed inter-rater reliability, correlation between raters of UFOV with Intraclass correlation coefficient, test-retest reliablility, UFOV with spearman correlation coefficient, concurrent validity, UFOV, TMT A & B and MVPT with spearman correlation coefficient, and discriminative validity, comparison mean scores of UFOV between groups, healthy and stroke with Mann-Whitney U test. UFOV score of participants with stroke had lower compared to the healthy control group. The inter-rater reliability(p<.001), test-retest reliability(p<.01) and concurrent validity(p<.01) was statistically significant. Also discriminant validity was statistically significant(p<.001). Based on this study, Use of UFOV for drivers at risk is essential to prevent future traffic accidents and support driving rehabilitation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.39-53
• /
• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to systematically review dysphagia rehabilitation treatment for children with feeding disorders. Methods : The articles evaluated in this study were collected from the PubMed, Medline Complete, and CINAHL databases and subsequently reviewed using the PRISMA flow chart and PICOS approach. A total of 13 papers were analyzed for study quality, disease groups, evaluation tools, interventions, and post-intervention effects. Results : Of the reviewed papers, six (46.15%) related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and seven (53.85%) to cerebral palsy (CP) with age ranges of between 2 and 8 years for the ASD studies and between 12 months and 18 years for CP. In evaluating the types of feeding disorder involved, the ASD group exhibited predominantly behavioral conditions while the CP subjects had a larger number of functional oral and swallowing issues. In terms of interventions, behavior modifications were used most frequently with ASD while oral-sensory motor, texture modifications, and electrical stimulation were applied at the same frequency with children with CP. All interventions were found to be effective. Conclusion : In this study, research into children with feeding disorders was reviewed according to condition, evaluation tool, and method of intervention. It is expected that this review can be used as basic data for developing a protocol that will allow clinicians to efficiently apply condition-specific interventions for eating disorders without resorting to trial and error.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the current status of physical therapy in children and adolescents. Methods : Sixty questionnaires from physical therapists treating children and adolescents with disabilities were analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of questions on physical therapy, participants, satisfaction, and the assessment of pediatric and adolescent physical therapy. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were used to investigate the current status, participants, and satisfaction. Differences between physical therapy participation difficulty, importance-ability of major aspects of pediatric and adolescent physical therapy, and therapy goal frequency were analyzed using paired T-test. Results : 11 to 15 cases (66.7%) and one-on-one treatment (95.0%) were performed independently (95.0%). The main ages of the subjects were preschool and school, the diagnoses were brain lesions and developmental delay, and treatment was conducted for up to 20 years or older. Satisfaction with pediatric and adolescent physical therapy was high (70.0%), as was the intensity of work (71.7%). Neurodevelopmental therapy, gait training, and goal-directed rehabilitation were the main treatments, and Gross Motor Function Measures of 88 and 66, respectively, were used. Respondents said that current fee system is inadequate (66.1%) and appropriate fee system is needed. Conclusion : This study extensively investigated the content of and factors related to pediatric and adolescent physical therapy. Based on the current situation, efforts to improve the expertise and continuity of pediatric and adolescent physical therapists and apply the latest treatment techniques are required.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(Huanglianjiedu-tang HHT) water extract on locomotor dysfunction induced by spinal cord injury(SCI) in rats. Methods : SCI was induced by mechanical contusion following laminectomy of 10th thoracic vertebra in Sprague-Dawley rats. HHT was orally given once a day for 14 days after SCI. Neurological behavior was examined with the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. Tissue damage and nerve fiber degeneration were examined with cresyl violet and luxol fast blue staining. Using immunohistochemisty, cellular damage to neurons and nerve fibers were examined against Bax and MAP-2. As inflammatory response markers, iNOS and COX-2 expressions were also examined. Results : 1. HHT ameliorated the locomotor dysfunction of the SCI-induced rats. 2. HHT attenuated the reduction of motor neurons in the ventral horn of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. 3. HHT significantly reduced the number of Bax positive cells in the peri-lesion of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. 4. HHT attenuated the reduction of MAP-2 positive cells in the peri-lesion of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. 5. HHT significantly reduced the number of iNOS and COX-2 positive cells in the peri-lesion of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. Conclusions : These results suggest that HHT improves the locomotor dysfunction of SCI by protecting motor neurons from cell death through anti-inflammatory effect.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to assess effects of evjenth-hamberg stretching on upper-extremity function and ADL performance ability of patient with subacute stroke patients Methods : The object of this study K-hospital located in daegu, 39-year-old man who have receiving inpatient treatment with stroke. The subject during the period of four weeks, five times a week, and thirty minutes for one session, evjenth-hamberg stretching exercise of affected side. Before and after the intervention in order to compare upper-extremity function was assessed using manual function test(MFT), motor activity log(MAL) and ADL performance ability was assessed by functional independence measure(FIM). Results : Upper-extremity function of the object score improved from each 3 in MAL, the ADL performance ability score increased from 73 to 94. Conclusion : The result of this study evjenth-hamberg stretching in patients with subacute stroke upper-extremity function and ADL performance ability to promote was found that the effect. The evjenth-hamberg stretching in the occupational therapy, if appropriately utilized more on the functional recovery of patients is expected to be helpful.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2005

Pressure ulcers are serious complications of tissue damage that can develop in patients with diminished pain sensation and diminished mobility. Pressure ulcers can result in irreversible tissue damage caused by ischemia resulting from external loading. There are many intrinsic and extrinsic contributors to the problem, including interface tissue pressure, shear, temperature, moisture, hygiene, nutrition, tissue tolerance, sensory and motor dysfunction, disease and infection, posture, and body support systems. The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between buttock interface pressure and seating position, wheelchair propulsion speed. Seated-interface pressure was measured using the Force Sensing Array pressure mapping system. Twenty subjects propelled wheelchair handrim on a motor-driven treadmill at different velocities (40, 60, 80 m/min) and seating position used recline ($100^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$) with a wheelchair simulator. Interface pressure consists of average (mean of the pressure sensor values) and maximum pressure (highest individual sensor value). The results of this study were as follows; No significant correlation in maximum/average pressure was found between a static position and a 40 m/min wheelchair propulsion (p>.05). However, a significant increase in maximum/average pressure were identified between conditions of a static position and 60 m/min, and 80 m/min wheelchair propulsion (p<.05). No significant correlation in maximum pressure were found between a $90^{\circ}$ recline (neutral position) and a $100^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$, or $120^{\circ}$ recline of the wheelchair back (p>.05). No significant difference in average pressure was found between conditions of a $90^{\circ}$ recline and both a $100^{\circ}$ and $110^{\circ}$ recline of wheelchair back. However, a significant reduction in average pressure was identified between conditions of a $90^{\circ}$ and $120^{\circ}$ recline of wheelchair back (p<.05). This study has shown some interesting results that reclining the seat by $120^{\circ}$ reduced average interface pressure, including the reduction or prevention in edema. And interface pressure was greater during dynamic wheelchair propulsion compared with static seating. Therefore, the optimal seating position and seating system ought to provide postural control and pressure relief. We need an education on optimal seating position and a suitable propulsion speeds for wheelchair users.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of telerehabilitation on stroke patients through remotely operated intervention and monitoring. Methods: Literature from 2000 to April 2018 was collected through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and RISS. We used telerehabilitation, telemedicine, and stroke as the search terms in regard to foreign literature, and the terms telerehabilitation, stroke, and CVA in regard to Korean literature. A total of 406 foreign and 15 Korean published studies were found. As a result, a total of seven documents was selected for the analysis. Results: As a result of the analysis, all the interventions applied through telerehabilitation were provided remotely, and significant effects were reported between pre-post assessments. In addition, the significant effects of telerehabilitation were reported through analyzing pre-post(n=7) and between groups(n=4) assessments. The monitoring used could be categorized according to purpose, that is, for checking (n=3) and as an intervention (n=4). Conclusions: This study confirmed, within limits, that the application of telerehabilitation could be a potential alternative for stroke patients with limited rehabilitation services. In order to apply telerehabilitation in Korea, it is necessary to study the cost effectiveness, according to the current domestic situation, and confirm the most effective monitoring method based on the intervention.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the EMG characteristics of driver's upper extremity and driving performance for manipulating brake and accelerator pedal by using left and right hand control devices during simulated driving. The people with disabilities in the lower limb have problems in operation of the motor vehicle because of functional loss for manipulating brake and accelerator pedal. Therefore, if hand control device is used for adaptive driving controls in people with lower limb impairments, the disabled people can improve their quality of life by driving a motor vehicle. Six subjects were participated in this study to evaluate driving performance and muscle activities for operating brake and accelerator pedal by using two different hand controls (steering column mounted hand control and floor mounted hand control) in driving simulator. We measured EMG activities of six muscles (posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, triceps, biceps, flexor carpi radialis, and extensor carpi radialis) during pushing and pulling movement with different hand controls for acceleration and braking. STISim Drive 3 software was used for the performance test of different hand control devices in straight lane course for time to reach target speed and brake reaction time. While pulling the hand control lever toward the driver, normalized EMG activities of middle deltoid, triceps and flexor carpi radialis in subjects with disabilities were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was also found that muscle responses of posterior deltoid were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when using the right hand control than left hand control. While pushing the hand control lever forward away from the driver, normalized EMG activities of posterior deltoid, middle deltoid and extensor carpi radialis in subjects with disability were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was shown that muscle responses of middle deltoid, biceps and extensor carpi radialis were significantly increased when using the right hand control than left hand control. Brake reaction time and time to reach target speed in subjects with disability was increased by 12% and 11.3% on average compared to normal subjects. The subjects with physical disabilities showed a tendency to relatively slow acceleration at the straight lane course.