• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제8권
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• pp.111-138
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 판매원성과의 결정요인을 분석하기 위해 자동차 판매원들을 대상으로 조사 를 실시하였다. 분석의 결과, 변혁적 리더십과 거래적 리더십, 시장지향성, 조직분위기 등의 조직특성변수의 일부가 판매원 성과에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 개인특성 변수로는 성취욕구, 내적 동기부여, 학습목표지향, 자기효능감이 양(+)의 유의적인 영향을 미 치고 외적 동기부여는 음(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 관리적 시사점을 제시하고 연구의 한계와 미래 연구방향을 제시하였다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the trunk muscle activity on bridging exercise according to the knee joint angle. Methods : Twenty-five healthy adults volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following four bridging exercises; knee joint flexion $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$. Surface electromyography from selected trunk muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Muscle activity was measured by QEMG-4 system(LXM 3204, Laxtha Korea). A repeated measures of one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni's correction was used to determine the influence of bridging exercise on muscle activity for each muscle and descriptive statistics was used to determine local/global muscle ratio. Results : The internal oblique of bridging exercises $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ showed significantly(p<.05). The erctor spinae of all bridging exercises showed significant excepted between $60^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$(p<.05). Median of internal oblique/rectus abdominis ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 4.41, $90^{\circ}$ was 3.94, $60^{\circ}$ was 3.58, $45^{\circ}$ was 3.39. Median of internal oblique/external oblique ratio of $120^{\circ}$ was 2.66, $90^{\circ}$ was 2.43, $60^{\circ}$ was 2.87, $45^{\circ}$ was 2.64. Conclusion : Angular motion decreasing with knee joint flexion made erector spinae activation increase. on the other hand, as decreasing abdomen muscle activation, the more performing motor learning is required for abdomen muscle strength and co-contraction for the trunk stabilization.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2017

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the effect of dual-task training (based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health; ICF) on walking ability and self-efficacy in individuals with chronic stroke. METHODS: 22 chronic stroke patients participated in this study. Participants were randomly allocated into either the single-task group (n=11) or the dual-task group (n=11). Both groups had physical training three a week for 4 weeks, and at a three-week follow-up. Outcome measures included the 10m walking test (10MWT), figure of 8 walk test (F8WT), dynamic gait index (DGI), and Self-efficacy scale. All data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 for Windows. Between-group and within-group comparison were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon singed-rank test respectively. RESULTS: In the dual-task group, the 10MWT, time and steps of F8WT, DGI, and self-efficacy showed significant differences between pre- and post-test (p<.05). The Changes between the pre- and post-test values of 10MWT (p<.05), DGI (p<.05), and self-efficacy scale (p<.05) showed significant differences between the dual-task group and single-task group. CONCLUSION: Participants reported improved walking ability and self-efficacy, suggesting that dual-task training holds promise in the rehabilitation of walking in chronic stroke patients. This study showed that ICF-based on a dual-task protocol contiributes to motor learning after chronic stroke.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2005

Striatum has important roles in motor control, habitual learning and memory. It receives glutamatergic inputs from neocortex and thalamus, and dopaminergic inputs from substantia nigra. We examined effects of dopamine (DA) on the corticostriatal synaptic transmission using in vitro extracellular recording technique in rat brain corticostriatal slices. Synaptic responses were elicited by stimulation of cortical glutamatergic inputs on the corpus callosum and recorded in the dorsal striatum. Corticostriatal population spike (PS) amplitudes were decreased ($39.4{\pm}7.9$%) by the application of $100{\mu}M$ DA. We applied receptor subtype specific agonists and antagonists and characterized the modulation of corticostriatal synaptic transmission by different DA receptor subtypes. $D_2$ receptor agonist (quinpirole), antagonist (sulpiride), and $D_1$ receptor antagonist (SKF 83566), but not $D_1$ receptor agonist (SKF 38393), induced significantly the reduction of striatal PS. Pretreatment neither with SKF 83566 nor sulpiride significantly affected corticostriatal synaptic inhibition by DA. However, the inhibition of DA was completely blocked by pretreatment with mixed solution of both SKF 83566 and sulpiride. These results suggest that DA inhibits corticostriatal synaptic transmission through both $D_1$ and $D_2$ receptors in concert with each other.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2009

종래의 고정된 이득을 가진 PI 제어기는 지령속도, 부하변화 등과 같은 파라미터 변동에 대해서 매우 민감하다. IPMSM 드라이브의 정확한 속도제어는 비선형적인 전자기적 발생저항뿐만 아니라 회전자 속도와 권선저항사이의 비선형적 관계 때문에 복잡한 문제점이 있다. 따라서 광범위한 동작상태에서 최적 제어를 위해 PI 제어기의 이득값을 실시간으로 조절해야한다. 본 논문은 FNN과 ALM을 이용하여 IPMSM 드라이브의 HIPI 제어기를 제시한다. 제시된 제어기는 ANN을 이용하여 속도를 추정하고, 시스템 외란에 대해서 IPMSM 드라이브의 고성능 속도제어를 제시한다. PI 제어기의 이득값은 모든 동작상태에서 ALM-FNN에 의해 최적화 되어진다. 제시된 제어기는 다양한 동작상태에 대한 분석을 통해 타당성을 입증한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2003

신생아의 정상적인 발달을 저해하고 조기 사망의 주된 원인이 되고 있는 주산기 뇌손상에 관한 신경병리적 기전을 살펴보고자 하였다. 발달하고 있는 과정에서의 주산기 뇌손상은 주로 저산소성-허혈성 뇌손상과 출혈성 뇌손상에 의한 경우가 많다. 저산소성-허혈성 뇌손상과 관련하여 에너지 부전, 세포흥분독성, 미성숙 백질의 선택적 취약성을 고려해 볼 수 있다. 첫번째, 세포호흡에 관여하는 미토콘드리아의 손상과 관련하여 즉각적인 병리와 함께 지연된 양상의 손상을 보인다. 미토콘드리아의 호흡률이 감소하고 칼슘이온의 농도가 상승하여 세포 괴사 및 세포사멸 과정이 진행된다. 두번째, 흥분성 아미노산과 관련하여 미성숙한 뇌에는 NMDA 수용기-채널 복합체의 기능이 매우 풍부하고, phosphoinositide 가수분해가 높아서 흥분독성에 상당히 취약하다. 세 번째, 수초 형성에 중요한 역할을 하는 희돌기교세포가 주산기 뇌손상 특히, 저산소성-허혈성 손상에 취약하다. 희돌기교세포는 글루타메이트에 의한 자유유리기과 사이토카인 손상에 취약하다. 뇌출혈과 관련하여, 미성숙한 뇌는 뇌실 주위에 혈관층이 풍부하나 매우 약한 상태로 재관류 혹은 혈류의 증가로 인해 쉽게 파열된다. 특히 32주 이내인 경우 이러한 손상으로 인해 뇌실주위 백질연화증이 초래된다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2020

In this study, the methodology of the springback prediction of automotive parts applied 3rd generation AHSS was investigated using the response surface model analysis based on a regression model, and the meta model analysis based on a Kriging model. To design the learning data set for constructing the springback prediction models, and the experimental design was conducted at three levels for each processing variable using the definitive screening designs method. The hat-shaped member, which is the basic shape of the member parts, was selected and the springback values were measured for each processing type and processing variable using the finite element analysis. When the nonlinearity of the variables is small during the hat-shaped member forming, the response surface model and the meta model can provide the same processing parameter. However, the accuracy of the springback prediction of the meta model is better than the response surface model. Even in the case of the simple shape parts forming, the springback prediction accuracy of the meta model is better than that of the response surface model, when more variables are considered and the nonlinearity effect of the variables is large. The efficient global optimization algorithm-based Kriging is appropriate in resolving the high computational complexity optimization problems such as developing automotive parts.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined changes in gait speed and stride length after an intervention involving simultaneous scapular and pelvic patterns of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in a hemiplegic patient. Methods: A 58-year-old woman with left hemiplegia who had complained of slowness of gait speed and weakness of leg strength took part in an intervention involving scapular postdepression patterns on the affected side and pelvic postdepression patterns on the nonaffected side. The intervention was performed with the patient lying on her left side, in a half kneeling position, and in a standing posture. Rhythmic initiation was used for teaching the movements to the patient and improvement of kinesthesia, and a combination of isotonic was employed for increasing strength and irradiation of the scapula and pelvic movement. The intervention took place for 30 min. It was implemented twice a day, 5 days a week, for 3 weeks. After three repetitions, the average time taken to complete the 10-m walk test (10 MWT), in addition to stride length, was measured to determine gait speed. Results: After the 3-week program, the patient's performance in the 10 MWT improved from 21.7sec to 17.1sec, and her stride length improved from 31.4cm to 38.7cm. Conclusion: The results showed that trunk movement exercise, especially coordinative movements of the scapula and pelvis can improve gait speed and stride length by increasing trunk stability and mobility. A combination of pelvic and scapular patterns can facilitate trunk rotation, thereby improving gait speed and stride length.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2012

Outdoor mobile robots are faced with various terrain types having different characteristics. To run safely and carry out the mission, mobile robot should recognize terrain types, physical and geometric characteristics and so on. It is essential to control appropriate motion for each terrain characteristics. One way to determine the terrain types is to use non-contact sensor data such as vision and laser sensor. Another way is to use contact sensor data such as slope of body, vibration and current of motor that are reaction data from the ground to the tire. In this paper, we presented experimental results on terrain classification using contact sensor data. We made a mobile robot for collecting contact sensor data and collected data from four terrains we chose for experimental terrains. Through analysis of the collecting data, we suggested a new method of terrain feature extraction considering physical characteristics and confirmed that the proposed method can classify the four terrains that we chose for experimental terrains. We can also be confirmed that terrain feature extraction method using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) typically used in previous studies and the proposed method have similar classification performance through back propagation learning algorithm. However, both methods differ in the amount of data including terrain feature information. So we defined an index determined by the amount of terrain feature information and classification error rate. And the index can evaluate classification efficiency. We compared the results of each method through the index. The comparison showed that our method is more efficient than the existing method.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.327-345
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• 2016

본 연구는 인간발달 과정을 신경과학, 심리학, 운동학습, 근육 생리학 등의 행동과학 자료와 생체역학, 인체운동 분석, 운동조절 기반의 인지 동작치료 프로그램을 정서 행동장애 아동들에게 실시하여 표정에 따른 얼굴 움직임이 감정과 정서변화에 따라 어떤 특성을 갖는지를 표정 움직임의 변화로 정량화 하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 영상측정 및 키네마틱 분석의 정서 행동장애 아동의 표정변화를 중재 프로그램 피드백 자료로 활용하였고, 표정 변화를 통해 인지동작 치료프로그램 효과를 알 수 있었다. 또한 정서 및 행동치료의 영상분석과 키네마틱 분석의 정량적 데이터를 통하여 인간발달에 대한 융 복합적 측정 및 분석법을 적용하여 발달장애의 조기발견과 치료과정에 따른 데이터를 축적하는 것도 기대할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 아동뿐만이 아니라 자기표현이 부족한 장애와 노인, 환자에게도 확대 적용할 수 있을 것이다.