• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 전산화 인지재활과 전통적 인지훈련이 경도 외상성 뇌손상 환자의 작업기억과 실행기능에 미치는 영향을 탐색하기 위함이다. 본 연구는 재활병원에서 재활치료를 받는 경도 외상성 뇌손상 환자 20명이 참여하였다. 대상자들은 실험군 10명과 대조군 10명으로 할당되었다. 실험군은 전산화 인지재활과 전통적인 인지훈련을 30분씩 60분을 받았으며, 대조군은 전통적인 인지훈련을 60분 수행하였다. 두 군은 하루 60분, 주 5회, 4주 동안 배정된 훈련을 수행하였다. 작업기억과 실행기능을 평가하기 위하여, 숫자외우기 검사(정방향, 역방향)와 MVPT-3의 시각기억, 그리고 선추적 검사와 스트룹 검사 A와 B를 중재 전과 후에 실시하였다. 두 군 간 변화량 비교에서 실험군은 대조군보다 시각기억과 스트룹 검사 A에서 유의하게 더 큰 향상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 전산화 인지재활과 전통적 인지훈련이 전통적인 인지훈련보다 작업기억과 실행기능에 긍정적인 변화를 제공할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2023

Background: Despite the fact that aquatic exercise is one of the most popular alternative treatment methods for children with cerebral palsy (CP), there are few research regarding its effectiveness. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic exercise on upper extremity function and postural control during reaching in children with CP. Methods: Ten participants (eight males and two females; 4-10 years; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II-IV) with spastic diplegia were recruited to this study. The aquatic exercise program consisted of four modified movements that were selected from the Halliwick 10-point program to enhance upper extremity and trunk movements. The participants attended treatment two times a week for 6 weeks, averaging 35 minutes each session. The Box and Block Test (BBT), transferring pennies in the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test (BOT), and pediatric reaching test (PRT) scores were used as clinical measures. Three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to collect and analyze kinematic data. Differences in BBT and BOT values among pre-treatment, post-treatment, and retention (after 3 weeks) were analyzed using a Friedman test. In addition, the PRT scores and variables (movement time, hand velocity, straightness ratio, and number of movement units) from the three-dimensional motion analysis were tested using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The significance level was established at p < 0.05. When the results appeared to be statistically significant, a post-hoc test for multiple comparisons was performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: All clinical measures, which included BBT, transferring pennies of BOT, and PRT, were significantly increased between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores and between pre-intervention and retention scores after treatment (p = 0.001). Three-dimensional motion analysis mostly were significantly improved after treatment (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Aquatic exercise may help to improve body function, activity, and participation in children with varying types of physical disabilities.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.37-68
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 차량용 반도체가 제품 출하 후 사용 환경에 따라 발생되는 불량률을 데이터 마이닝 기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 20세기 이후 가장 보편적인 이동수단인 자동차는 전자 컨트롤 장치와 자동차용 반도체의 사용량이 급격히 증가하면서 매우 빠른 속도로 진화하고 있다. 자동차용 반도체는 차량용 전자 컨트롤 장치 중 핵심 부품으로 소비자들에게 안정성, 연료 사용의 효율성, 운전의 안정감을 제공하기 위해 사용되고 있다. 자동차용 반도체는 가솔린엔진, 디젤 엔진, 전기 모터를 컨트롤하는 기술, 헤드업 디스플레이, 차선 유지 시스템 등 많은 부분에 적용되고 있다. 이와 같이 반도체는 자동차를 구성하는 거의 모든 전자 컨트롤 장치에 적용되고 있으며 기계적인 장치를 단순히 조합한 이상의 효과를 만들어 내고 있다. 자동차용 반도체는 10년 이상의 자동차 사용 기간을 고려하여 높은 신뢰성, 내구성, 장기공급 등의 특성을 요구하고 있다. 자동차용 반도체의 신뢰성은 자동차의 안전성과 직접적으로 연결되기 때문이다. 반도체업계에서는 JEDEC과 AEC 등의 산업 표준 규격을 이용하여 자동차용 반도체의 신뢰성을 평가하고 있다. 또한 자동차 산업에서 표준으로 제시한 신뢰성 실험 방법과 그 결과를 이용하여 개발 초기 단계 및 제품 양산 초기단계에서 제품의 수명을 예측 하고 있다. 하지만 고객의 다양한 사용 조건 및 사용 시간 등 여러 변수들에 의해 발생되는 불량률을 예측하는 데는 한계가 있다. 이러한 한계점을 극복하기 위하여 학계와 산업계에서 많은 연구가 있어왔다. 그 중 데이터 마이닝 기법을 이용한 연구가 다수의 반도체 분야에서 진행되고 있지만, 아직 자동차용 반도체에 대한 적용 및 연구는 미비한 상태이다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 데이터 마이닝 기법을 이용하여 반도체 조립(Assembly)과 패키지 테스트(Package test) 공정 중 발생 된 데이터들간의 연관성을 규명하고, 고객 불량 데이터를 이용하여 잠재 불량률 예측에 적합한 데이터 마이닝 기법을 검증하였다.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• 제11B권3호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2001

In the near future, the voltage of power system for passenger vehicle will be changed to 42V from existing 14V./ Because of increasing power and voltage ratings used in the vehicle the motor drive system has high switching dv/dt and it generates electromagnetic interference (EMI) To solve these problems multi-level inverter system may be used The feature of multi-level inverter is the output voltage to be synthesized from several levels of voltage Because of this feature high switching dv/dt and EMI can be reduced in the multi-level inverter system But as the number of level is increased manufacturing cost is getting expensive and system size is getting large. Because of these disadvantages the application of multi-level inverter has been restricted only to high power drives. The method to reduce manufacturing cost and system size is to integrate circuit of multi-level inverter into a few chips But isolated power supply and signal isolation circuit using transformer or opto-coupler for drive circuit are obstacles to implement the integrated circuit (IC) In this paper a drive circuit of 4-level inverter suitable for integration to hybrid or one chip is proposed In the proposed drive circuit DC link voltage is used directly as the power source of each gate drive circuit NPN transistors and PNP transistors are used to isolate to transfer the control signals. So the proposed drive circuit needs no transformers and opto-couplers for electrical isolation of drive circuit and is constructed only using components to be implemented on a silicon wafer With th e proposed drive circuit 4- level inverter system will be possible to be implemented through integrated circuit technology Using the proposed drive circuit 4- level inverter system is constructed and the validity and characteristics of the proposed drive circuit are proved through the experiments.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.327-331
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• 2001

There is a critical developmental period during which brain sexual differentiation proceeds irreversibly under the influence of gonadal hormone. Recently, kinesin superfamily-associated protein 3 (KAP3) gene expressed during the 'critical period' of rat brain differentiation was identified by us (Choi and Lee, 1999). KAP3 functions as a microtubule-based motor that transports membranous organelles anterogradely in cells, including neurons (Yamazaki et al., 1996). mRNA level of KAP3 gene markedly increased before the initiation of puberty. Neonatal treatment of estrogen clearly inhibited the prepubertal increase in KAP3 mRNA level (Choi and Lee, 1999). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as endocrine disruptors (EDs) on the expression of KAP3 gene during the 'critical period' of rat brain development. In our data, PCBs significantly decreased the expression of KAP3 gene in the fetal (day 17) and the neonatal (day 6 after birth in) male and female rat brains. The body weight and the breeding ability were significantly decreased in the PCBs-exposed rats compared with the control. These results showed that PCBs affect the transcriptional level of brain sexual differentiation related gene, KAP3, in the fetal and the neonatal rat brains. The maternal exposure to the PCBs may lead to toxic response in embryonic brain sexual differentiation and breeding ability after sexual maturation. This study indicates that KAP3 gene may be useful as a gene marker to analyze the molecular mechanism of toxic response in the animal brain development and sexual maturation exposed to PCBs.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2008

Bio-diesel applications seem to be extended due to bio-diesel policies and changes of agricultural environment. This study was conducted to develop a rapeseed reaping equipment attachable to the conventional combine. This paper was intended to report concept design, process and manufacturing of the prototype rapeseed reaping equipment. For concept design, physical properties of "SUNMANG", which is a typical rapeseed as bio-diesel materials, were considered. The designed prototype rapeseed reaping equipment consisted of wide-width plates, finger type knifes, side cutter knifes and drive equipments. The wide-width plate is 2.1 m wide, 0.7 m long, and 0.002 m thick. The finger type cutter knifes have 14.5 fingers, 30 knifes, and the specification was 7.6 cm of pitch, 8.3 cm of length and $21^{\circ}$ of cutting angle. The side cutter knifes consisted of a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, a flow control and a relief valve, a hydraulic hose, a driving equipment and a reciprocating cutter knife. The 18 reciprocating cutter knifes were 137 cm long and knife pitch, knife length and cutting angle were 7.7 cm, 10.5 cm, and $18^{\circ}$. Prototype weight of the rapeseed reaping equipment was heavier by 272 kg when compared with the manual reaping equipments. Load distributions of left and right side showed 50% and 49%, and those of front and rear side showed 64% and 36%. Static turn-over angles in left and right of the prototype were $38.1^{\circ}$ and $38.7^{\circ}$, respectively. The designed prototype rapeseed reaping equipment was properly mounted at the front of a conventional combine.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effects in inflammatory and pain status on rheumatoid arthritis(RA) induced rats by swimming exercise and Achyranthes Radix(AR) extracts ointment according to the application methods with the change of motor-behavioral and histochemistry study through the change of safranin o-fast green stain in the knee joint and prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ concentration production in serum for 28 days. They were randomly divided into four groups; Group I: RA induction, Group II: application of only swimming exercise after RA induction, Group III: application of only AR extracts ointment after RA induction, Group IV: application of both AR extracts ointment and swimming exercise after RA induction. The following results were obtained. Volume change of hind paw edema and arthritis indices test and arthritic dorsal flexion & plantar flexion pain test, group II, III, IV were showed that significantly decrease to each scores compared with group I (p<.01). Safranin o-fast green stain were showed histological indices, group II, III, IV were showed that significantly decrease the scores of cellular infiltration and synovial hyperplasia(p<.05), pannus formation and cartilage destruction(p<.01) compared with group I. Group IV were the most decreased compared with group II, III. The $PGE_2$ concentration of the group II, III, IV were decreased compared to the group I (p<.01) In conclusion, swimming exercise and AR extracts ointment acts were the most therapeutic intervention in inflammatory and pain control of RA induced rats.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.430-435
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• 2008

The main cause of diabetic neuropathy, one of the most debilitating complications, is the chronic hyperglycemia, the increase sorbitol or the decrease of nerve growth factor(NGF). NGF, a protein, plays a major role in the development and maintenance of peripheral nervous system. Systemic administration of NGF prevents manifestations of neuropathy in rodent models of diabetic neuropathy. In the previous investigation, we report the hypoglycemia effect of Dioscorea rhizoma extract(DRE) in diabetic mice. The present study shows protective effect of DRE on diabetic neuropathy by induction of NGF protein. We investigated the NGF level in salivary gland and sciatic nerve of normal mouse and the effect of DRE on sciatic nerve conductivity and thermal hyperalgesia test in Type 2 db/db mouse. DRE increased endogenous NGF level in salivary gland and sciatic nerve of mouse. And sensory nerve conductivity velocity(SNCV), motor nerve conductivity velocity(MNCV) and thermal hyperalgesia increased in DRE treatment mice compared with control group. On the basis of our results, we conclude that DRE increase induction of endogenous NGF level and have protective effect on diabetic neuropathy by induction of NGF. Therefore, we propose that long-term use of DRE might help prevention of diabetes-associated complication; diabetic neuropathy.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2008

본 논문은 산업현장에서 중요부하에 안정적인 전원공급을 하기 위하여 설치한 Static Transfer Switch (STS)의 사이리스터(SCR)가 평균 2%대의 고장으로 문제가 되고 있어 이를 방지하고자 SCR 양단에 기계적인 접점스위치를 병렬로 연결시키고 SCR은 병렬스위치가 동작 가능한 구간인 $12{\sim}208$[mS] 구간에만 기능을 수행하도록 구성하였다. 또한 두 개의 입력 중 어느 한쪽이 단락 또는 지락 사고가 발생되더라도 다른 한쪽의 경로와 부하에 영향을 주지 않도록, 두 개의 입력이 동시 투입되는 시간을 차단하는 ISC (Ideal State Conditioning Interlock Device) - STS 시스템을 제안하였다. 이 제안으로 년간 0.89회의 전환 동작 시에만 SCR이 역할을 하고 전환시점 이후에는 병렬스위치가 전원공급계통의 역할을 함으로서 SCR의 피로도를 현저히 감소시켜 고장률을 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 고장이 발생된 경우라도 부하에는 영향을 미치지 않아 중요부하의 전원공급에 대한 신뢰성을 높이는데 기여할 수 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

Decreased equilibrium in standing and walking is a common problem associated with hemiparesis secondary to cerebral vascular accident. In patients with hemiplegia, postural sway is increased and often displaced laterally over the non-affected leg, reflecting asymmetry in lower extremity weight bearing during standing balance. Human balance is a complex motor control task, requiring integration of sensory information, neural processing, and biomechanical factors. Limits of stability (LOS) is a one of the biomechanical factors. The purposes of this study were to establish the influence of asymmetrical weight-bearing on the LOS of independent ambulatory hemiparetic patients. The subjects of this study were 29 hemiparetic patients (18 males, 11 females) being treated as admitted or out patients at Young-Nam University Hospital and Taegu Catholic University Hospital, all of whom agreed to participate in the study. Participants were asked to lean and displace their center of gravity (COG) as far as possible in directions to the sides and front of the body. The LOS and weight-bearing ratio were measured with a Balance Performance Monitor (BPM) Dataprint Software Version 5.3. In order to assure the statistical significance of the results, the independent t-test and a Pearson's correlation were applied at the .05 and .01 level of significance. The results of this study were as follows: 1) There were statistically significant differences in anteroposterior LOS according to the cause of brain demage (p<.01). 2) There were statistically significant differences in mediolateral LOS according to the hemiparetic side (p<.05). 3) There were statistically significant differences in anteroposterior and mediolateral LOS according to the brain operation (p<.01). 4) The mediolateral LOS significantly correlated with weight-bearing ratio (p<.01).