• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.35-43
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• 2012

Purpose - This study analyzes the effects of types of leadership on the employees of Italian restaurants, its efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior, utilizing a causal assessment model. In this study, independent variables such as the type of leadership perceived in the manager or chef by an Italian restaurant's employees, and its efficacy were parameters, and the organizational citizenship behavior and organizational effectiveness were the variables representing the results in the hypothesis. The study aimed to draw implications by verifying the leadership via efficacy and the impact on organizational citizenship behavior of Italian restaurants. Research design, data, methodology - For the purpose of this analysis, specific questionnaire items were configured according to the theory and efficacy of the study. From a questionnaire used in organizational citizenship behavior comprising 22 questions, six were modified to suit the research purpose of this study. The configured questionnaire comprised 5 parts and 40 items. A Likert (Likert) 5-point scale was utilized to measure responses to the questionnaire items from the employees of an Italian restaurant in Seoul who participated in the survey. For data collection, 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 344 collected. Factor analysis and reliability verification were conducted using SPSS18.0 and AMOS18.0. A covariance structure analysis was conducted to test the research hypotheses. Results - Based on the results of the analyses, the summary and suggested implications of the research are as follows: The covariance structure analysis used to analyze the kind of effect transformational and transactional leadership styles in Italian restaurant employees had on self-efficacy, group-efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior, indicated that among the characteristics of transformational leadership (such as, idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individual consideration, and intellectual stimulation), idealized influence and individual consideration had a positive influence on self-efficacy. Idealized influence, individual consideration, conditional reward, and management by exception also positively influenced self-efficacy and altruistic and conscientious behavior (organizational citizenship behavior). Conclusions - Results suggest that with regard to self-efficacy and group efficacy, managers in different departments and chefs should provide team members with a vision for the future, increase their confidence in their abilities, and build their trust in the organization. By evaluating employee performance and experiences, management can demonstrate leadership and encourage organizational citizenship behavior through enjoyable, voluntary participation. Transformational and transactional leadership is effective in group processes that include social-exchange relationships, self-efficacy and group efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior. However, as this research study utilizes only self-reported data, it has several limitations, such as a vulnerability of errors caused by the various experiment types. A significant limitation of this study is the lack of potential for the duplication of results. The covariance structure analysis, however, provides complementation to limit the impact of errors from self-reporting studies. A future study can extend this research by utilizing different data collection methods.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the attributes of self-help groups, their antecedents and consequences relating to self-help groups. Methods: We used the Walker and Avant (2010) method using the key word "self-help groups" the Korea Education and Research Information Service (www.riss4u.net), Pubmed, CINAHL and ProQuest for articles on this topic published between January 2000 and March 2013 were searched. Ultimately, 64 domestic and 21 foreign papers were selected for in-depth analysis. Results: The attributes of self-help groups are as follows: 1) members share common experiences and are supportive of each other; 2) members set goals for individual change; 3) groups are self-monitoring; 4) groups learn problem-solving processes through voluntary and active participation; and 5) groups are small and meet regularly. The antecedents of self-help groups are as follows: 1) an intervention by an expert; 2) a diagnosis of their illness; 3) motivation to change individuals' state; and 4) educational desire. The consequences of self-help groups are the relief of symptoms, the improvement of physiological parameters and quality of life, the decrease in depression, stress, and anxiety, the improvement of illness-related knowledge and self-help activity, and a change in beliefs. Conclusion: Self-help groups can be used as an intervention strategy to help people with chronic illness manage their own problems.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find the meaning of the good class, and based on this, situation of environmental education in high school is researched. Through those above processes, desirable direction of the environment class is suggested. For this study, we are trying to reflect the characteristics of environmental education on the general good classes, and from this, the meaning of good environment class is known. Moreover, for this study, we choose environment classes from four high schools leading by environment major teacher. From those four classes, we analyzed these things: educational situation of environment class, teachers' interviews. All of these are for analyzing environment class with the view of good environmental class. A well-formed environment class manifests the features of environment education in all aspects of teaching and learning process, including learning objectives, learning materials, procedures, and evaluations. Furthermore, it should be 'student-centered' class in which active interaction among the learners or between the instructor and the students is considered most important. Students are not the passive receiver, but rather, they actively participate in the learning process by reorganizing the knowledge as they experience and become independent learners who are actively involved in the problem-solving process. In this way, we can generate a great deal of students' interest and motivation, which in turn makes the class interesting, enjoyable, full of energy and still effective. If there is the class reflecting the factors of environmental education above good class' ways, it will be the good environment class. In the current situation of environment class, the rate of student's class participation and study activity was low. This tendency is not too different between four groups except students' support to teachers. This result means that learners' will to participate in their classes actively is not high. Moreover, about 46.3% of students did not understand some parts of new knowledge and about the parts, students' solution was 'does nothing' and the rate was also so high. Teachers tried to make their class with considering students' interest, and focusing their learner's real life. However, learners are all general education high school students, so teachers have aversion about making their students heavy activities.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.71
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• pp.71-98
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• 2018

This study is aimed to figure out the way Yoon Hee-sun perceived the real situations of the society under the Japanese ruling and responded to overcome difficulties in the process of anti-Japanese independence movement. Yoon Hee-sun played an important role as a female activist of the righteous army movement in Kangweon-do and Manchuria. She was a daughter-in-law of Yu Hong-seok, wife of Yu Jae-won, and mother of Yu Don-sang. Three generations of her family had taken the lead in anti-Japanese independence movement. The Yus belonged to a school of 'Hwaseo' and devoted their lives to the independent movement based on the thought of 'wijung chuksa sasang', which means 'defending orthodoxy and rejecting heterodoxy'. They desired to go back to the past and recover as it was rather than building a new society. Therefore, their fights against Japan's invasion were not for establishing a modern nation-state but for recovering the royal authority of the existing order. Both her maiden home and her in-laws belonged to a school of 'Hwaseo' and Yoon Hee-sun couldn't go out of the boundary of her family background. Also, the motivation of her participation in the righteous army movement was based on the confucian values such as loyalty to the king, filial piety and fidelity. In particular, she possessed a high level of self-awareness not only as a wife but also as a woman. On the basis of this, she faced up to reality. For the more effective way of revolt against Japan's invasion, she determined to change the perception of women identified only as a wife of somebody. She thought her duty was to enlighten women through 'education'. As a result, manifestoes and songs supporting the righteous army movement were used as a powerful method.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-53
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• 1987

It is utmostly important to establish the efficient fitable way of peoples' active participation in primary health care especially in the areas where the public or governmental service input for the basic health care is insufficient like as in rural areas of Korea. In light of above reason, this study focused mainly on the evaluation of roles and activities of village health workers (VHWs) who were selected from grass- root level of village people in order to derive further motivation for active participation. This is believed to be a sort of feedback mechanisms. Actually, the authors collected the activity reports of VHWs who had been devoting themselves in the primary health care services of Jeomdong Area, of Yeoju Gun one of Korea University Community Health Action Programmes and survey record on the VHWs activity from correspondent people. 1 hose data were analyzed through computer programmed package. The activities performed by VHWs were limited to the performance in 1985 for conveniance. The summarized results were as follows; 1) General characteristics of VHWs. Among a total of 28 VHWs in the area, about 39.3g of them have been replaced up to the date since the implementation in 1983, because of moving out, occupational employment and of others. The age of majority (75.0%) lied between the range of 30-50, and educational background of 67.9% belonged to category of primary school graduation, about 50% of them experienced to be or were also entiled "chief of women club" of corresponding villages. 2) Work-load of VHWs. Each VHW was assigned for tasks of health care for average 55 households of 248 persons. They shared approximately 6 days a month for the activity in average and it covered 17 cases of basic health care in a month. A half of the VHWs performed home visits irregularly without solidified schedule. 3) Work performance analysis. Informations collected through VHWs were compared with data from official vital registration at local administration center "Myon Office" in 1985. VHWs collected 100.8 of new born, 116.2 of death, 58.3 of move in and 74.8 of move out in comparison with 100.0 of official registration each. Pregnant women of 79.8% of mothers among the total pregnancy of 94 which were confirmed as normally delivered or aborted cases by all means afterwards had been detected by VHWs as being pregnant and all of them received some of antenatal cares by VHWs. All(100%) of delivered women were detected by VHWs through home visits and they were cared postnatally. Whereas, according to the records of birth registration, the places of delivery were clinic in 33.7%, and mother's home in 66.3%, VHWs reported them to be clinic in 48.9%, midwifery in 20.2%. It was cleared that most of misinformation was caused by uncautious filling of birth registration at notification. Among the total of 717 eligible women under age 44 years, family planning status of 92.6% was reported by VHWs confirming practice of control to be 70.8% of reported fertile women. 4) Attitude of VHW on the roles and functions. Although 92.0% of VHWs expressed VHWs to be worthwhile, only 52.0% of them had dignity and satisfaction in their activity and 44.0% of them had passive attitude of working saying they followed direction regardlessly. Concerning difficulties in performance as a VHW, 60.7% of them pointed out lacking of medical and health related knowledge by themselves. Still, 64.0% of them thought visiting unfamilier house to be awful and 40.0% complained forms of activity to be difficult and hard. It was also revealed that 56.6% confessed lack of interest on community health service itself. Most of VHWs needed more educational training especially on clinical fields such as cares of gynecological diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseaes of the aged. Regular on-the-job basic trainings were said to be needed twice a year.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.521-536
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• 2017

One of difficulties with which teachers meet is to have underachievers with no willingness and motivation for study involved in class. Mathematics underachiever are average or above average in their intelligence but their actual achievement in mathematics did not coincide to their intellectual capabilities. The teaching strategy for them is to motivate them to try to study mathematics and to experience the improvement in their mathematics grade. In this paper, we choose flipped classroom as the strategy of teaching basic mathematics to math underachievers and applied it to them. Then we wanted to make sure the possibility for applying flipped classroom to teaching math underachievers through the analysis of change in the scholastic achievement of students in mathematics and mathematical disposition. The results of this study are as followings; First, when we taught basic math to underachievers using a flipped classroom, we confirm that math underachievers with active participation improved scholastic achievements significantly. Second, the flipped classroom was led to positive effects in an affective domain. In particular, it showed the most noticeable change in the area of willingness to math problem-solving and perception about the value of mathematics.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 1999

This study investigated the improved teaching methods which can enhance the learning effects of students in engineering education and provide students with practical abilities of field works. As the results of applying student-oriented teaching methods to students who take the course of hydraulic and pneumatic control in the department of mechanical design engineering of Dongyang technical college, student-oriented teaching method Is more effective than professor-oriented teaching methods in the aspects of motivation of learning, cultivation of imagination and creativity, and ability of solving problems. In order to successfully execute student-oriented teaching method, integrated lecture of both theory and experimental practice has been carried out in the classroom equipped with experimental facilities, and after acquiring sufficient experience through experimental practices, students looked into theoretical backgrounds based on the experimental results during the process solving the subjects which a professor suggested. The subjects should be suggested with the contents for accomplishing the goal of learning, and it is very important for a professor to play the role of helping students solve the problems by themselves, which results in improving practical ability of field works. At the end of every class, a professor has students fill up the questionnaire about the level of learning achievement, questions, and teaching method, and applying the surveying results to the next class can bring out improving the extents of students' participation of classes and concerns about the course. Since the engineering education requires a practical ability of field works, imagination, and creativity in every course, it is desirable to introduce student-oriented teaching method rather than professor-oriented teaching method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.342-349
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of preschool teachers' ethical awareness and teaching flow on the teacher-preschooler interaction based on the participation of 345 preschool teachers in Chungcheongnam-do and Gyeonggi-do. The collected data were analyzed by correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows: First, both teachers' ethical awareness and teaching flow were strongly correlated with the teacher-preschooler interaction, and the correlation between sub-variables was also significant. Second, analysis of the relative strength of teachers' ethical awareness and teaching flow in the explanation of the teacher-preschooler interaction revealed that intrinsic motivation as a sub-variable among teaching flow was the most prominent predictor of the teacher-preschooler interaction, followed by ethics for preschoolers among teachers' ethical awareness as well as specific plans among teaching flow. The findings of this study suggest future directions for teacher education based on newly identified factors affecting teacher-preschooler interactions, desirable teacher-preschooler interactions, and implications for improving childcare quality.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2014

Online communities are getting more popular with the development of information technology. It is essential that community members participate actively and share their contents or opinions continuously for the success and growth of online communities. However, it is revealed that most of members just take the role of passive observer. They are lurking community information and contents without any contribution. In this sense, this study focuses on explore lurking behavior of online community members. This study investigates the effect of the characteristics of online community, community members, and personal traits on user's lurking intention. Member familiarity and community identity have a strong positive effect on de-lurking intention, while the perception of usefulness and ease of use for communities and member expertise have a negative effect on de-lurking intention. Interestingly, users with a low level of self-esteem have higher level of motivation of participation than those with a high level of self-esteem. Finally, this study proposes several strategies to enhance information and contents sharing in online communities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5523-5528
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate the implementation of screening colonoscopy amongst first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 first-degree relatives (mean(SD)age: 42.5(12.7) years, 55.5% were male) of 136 CRC patients were included in this cross-sectional questionnaire based survey. Data on demographic characteristics, relationship to patient and family history for malignancy other than the index case were evaluated in the FDRs of patients as were the data on knowledge about and characteristics related to the implementation of screening colonoscopy using a standardized questionnaire form. Results: The mean(SD) age at diagnosis of CRC in the index patients was 60.0(14.0) years, while mean(SD) age of first degree relatives was 42.5(12.7) years. Overall 36.3% of relatives were determined to have knowledge about colonoscopy. Physicians (66.9%) were the major source of information. Screening colonoscopy was recommended to 19.5% (n=78) of patient relatives, while 48.7% (n=38) of individuals participated in colonoscopy procedures, mostly (57.9%) one year after the index diagnosis. Screening colonoscopy revealed normal findings in 25 of 38 (65.8%) cases, while precancerous lesions were detected in 26.3% of screened individuals. In 19.0% of FDRs of patients, there was a detected risk for Lynch syndrome related cancer. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings revealed that less than 20% of FDRs of patients had received a screening colonoscopy recommendation; only 48.7% participated in the procedure with detection of precancerous lesions in 26.3%. Rise of awareness about screening colonoscopy amongst patients with CRC and first degree relatives of patients and motivation of physicians for targeted screening would improve the participation rate in screening colonoscopy by FDRs of patients with CRC in Turkey.