• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2007

In this paper, the prototype of surface EMG (ElectroMyoGram) sensor is developed for the robotic rehabilitation applications, and the developed sensor is composed of the electrodes, analog signal amplifiers, analog filters, ADC (analog to digital converter), and DSP (digital signal processor) for coding the application example. Since the raw EMG signal is very low voltage, it is amplified by about one thousand times. The artifacts of amplified EMG signal are removed by using the band-pass filter. Also, the processed analog EMG signal is converted into the digital form by using ADC embedded in DSP. The developed sensor shows approximately the linear characteristics between the amplitude values of the sensor signals measured from the biceps brachii of human upper arm and the joint angles of human elbow. Finally, to show the performance of the developed EMG sensor, we suggest the application example about the real-time human elbow motion acquisition by using the developed sensor.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(5)
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• pp.89-92
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• 2001

For the diagnosis of arrhythmia in the heart system, the QRS complex of ECG signals is used in many cases. The rejection of the noise in ECG signals is important to acquisition of exact QRS complex. This paper presents some experimental results about instantaneous bandwidth estimation and noise rejection of ECG signals with the purpose of rejection of the 60 Hz power noise and the motion artifacts such as EMG signals and contact noise. ECG signals corrupted by noise are cleaned by using the variable bandwidth filter. For the filtering of ECG signals with noise, the instantaneous bandwidth of the signals is estimated by analysis of time-frequency representation of ECG signal.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권5호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1998

This paper presents a decoupling controller of the missile seeker scan loop with a spin-stabilized platform. A precise seeker motion with respect to the scan command is essential for the higher acquisition probability of the target. As the seeker scan loop is a deeply cross-coupled two input two output system, an accurate pointing or scanning for each axis to the target is very difficult, even though provided with the help of a high performance controller. When a decoupling control is applied to the seeker scan loop, the cross-coupling between two axes can be reduced to a remarkable amount. As a low order of controller is required for the real time operation, a PI controller with decoupling filter is suggested and compared with other controllers. A linearized dynamic model of seeker scan loop is used and validated through the comparison of experimental results of step responses.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2004

The cam curve of a balance type vane pump consists usually of circular arcs and Archimedes' spirals. However, if they are connected directly together, the curve must have a few discontinuous points of the gradients and the motion of the vanes is no longer smooth. Designing data for an oil hydraulic vane pump used in power steering system were obtained by the acquisition of optimum cam profile data which can be available to reduce noises and vibrations through the minimization of cavitation with the improvement of suctional performance. The performance test is carried on the trial manufactures by measuring the volumetric and the mechanical efficiency. And from that result, maintaining the same characteristic as the conventional one in the relief pressure and noise level, the experimental pump discharges 0.7 $\ell$/min and shows nearly 3.5% enhancement in the total efficiency more than the conventional one.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.86-89
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• 2002

The purpose is to develop a system to reduce the organ movement from the respiration during the 3DCRT or IMRT. This research reports the experience of utilizing personally developed system for mobile tumors. The patients clinical database was structured for 10 mobile tumors and patient setup error measurement and immobilization device effects were investigated. The RMRD system is composed of the respiratory motion reduction device utilized in prone position and abdominal strip device(ASD) utilized in the supine position, and the analysis program, which enables the analysis on patients setup reproducibility. Dose to normal tissue between patients with RMRDs and without RMRDs was analyzed by comparing the normal tissue volume, field margins and dose volume histogram(DVH) using fluoroscopy and CT images. And, reproducibility of patients setup verify by utilization of digital images. When patients breathed freely, average movement of diaphragm was 1.2 cm in prone position in contrast to 1.6 cm in supine position. In prone position, difference in diaphragm movement with and without RMRDs was 0.5 cm and 1.2 cm, respectively, showing that PTV margins could be reduced to as much as 0.7 cm. With RMRDs, volume of the irradiated normal tissue (lung, liver) reduced up to 20 % in DVH analysis. Also by obtaining the digital image, reproducibility of patients setup verify by visualization using the real-time image acquisition, leading to practical utilization of our software. Internal organ motion due to breathing can be reduced using RMRDs, which is simple and easy to use in clinical setting. It can reduce the organ motion-related PTV margin, thereby decrease volume of the irradiated normal tissue.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2019

Background: Four-dimensional computed tomographic (4DCT) images are increasingly used in clinic with the growing need to account for the respiratory motion of the patient during radiation treatment. One of the reason s that makes the dose evaluation using 4DCT inaccurate is a change of the patient respiration during the treatment session, i.e., intrafractional uncertainty. Especially, when the amplitude of the patient respiration is greater than the respiration range during the 4DCT acquisition, such an organ motion from the larger respiration is difficult to be represented with the 4DCT. In this paper, the method to generate images expecting the organ motion from a respiration with extended amplitude was proposed and examined. Materials and Methods: We propose a method to generate extra-phase images from a given set of the 4DCT images using deformable image registration (DIR) and linear extrapolation. Deformation vector fields (DVF) are calculated from the given set of images, then extrapolated according to respiratory surrogate. The extra-phase images are generated by applying the extrapolated DVFs to the existing 4DCT images. The proposed method was tested with the 4DCT of a physical 4D phantom. Results and Discussion: The tumor position in the generated extra-phase image was in a good agreement with that in the gold-standard image which is separately acquired, using the same 4DCT machine, with a larger range of respiration. It was also found that we can generate the best quality extra-phase image by using the maximum inhalation phase (T0) and maximum exhalation phase (T50) images for extrapolation. Conclusion: In the present study, a method to construct extra-phase images that represent expanded respiratory motion of the patient has been proposed and tested. The movement of organs from a larger respiration amplitude can be predicted by the proposed method. We believe the method may be utilized for realistic simulation of radiation therapy.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1044-1053
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• 2021

Objective: Motion-corrected averaging with a single-shot technique was introduced for faster acquisition of late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging while free-breathing. We aimed to evaluate the image quality (IQ) of free-breathing motion-corrected single-shot LGE (moco-ss-LGE) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Materials and Methods: Between April and December 2019, 30 patients (23 men; median age, 48.5; interquartile range [IQR], 36.5-61.3) with HCM were prospectively enrolled. Breath-held single-shot LGE (bh-ss-LGE) and free-breathing moco-ss-LGE images were acquired in random order on a 3T MR system. Semi-quantitative IQ scores, contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs), and quantitative size of myocardial scar were assessed on pairs of bh-ss-LGE and moco-ss-LGE. The mean ± standard deviation of the parameters was obtained. The results were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The moco-ss-LGE images had better IQ scores than the bh-ss-LGE images (4.55 ± 0.55 vs. 3.68 ± 0.45, p < 0.001). The CNR of the scar to the remote myocardium (34.46 ± 11.85 vs. 26.13 ± 10.04, p < 0.001), scar to left ventricle (LV) cavity (13.09 ± 7.95 vs. 9.84 ± 6.65, p = 0.030), and LV cavity to remote myocardium (33.12 ± 15.53 vs. 22.69 ± 11.27, p < 0.001) were consistently greater for moco-ss-LGE images than for bh-ss-LGE images. Measurements of scar size did not differ significantly between LGE pairs using the following three different quantification methods: 1) full width at half-maximum method; 23.84 ± 12.88% vs. 24.05 ± 12.81% (p = 0.820), 2) 6-standard deviation method, 15.14 ± 10.78% vs. 15.99 ± 10.99% (p = 0.186), and 3) 3-standard deviation method; 36.51 ± 17.60% vs. 37.50 ± 17.90% (p = 0.785). Conclusion: Motion-corrected averaging may allow for superior IQ and CNRs with free-breathing in single-shot LGE imaging, with a herald of free-breathing moco-ss-LGE as the scar imaging technique of choice for clinical practice.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2014

연구의 목적은 의사호흡정지(QBH) 바이오 피드백이 의료영상획득 시간의 큰변화 없이 잔류 호흡 운동을 조절함으로써 호흡 운동에 의한 영상 오류를 줄이고, 게이트 3차 흉부 자기 공명 영상을 향상시킬 수 있다는 가설을 실험하는 것이다. 가설을 확인하기 위해 건강한 다섯 사람을 대상으로 3T 지멘스 엠알아이의 호흡 탐색기가 포함된 T2 가중 스페이스 엠알 펄스 시퀀스를 이용해 두번의 게이트 자기공명 영상 연구를 시행 하였다: 자유 호흡 상태와 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백 호흡상태, 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백 시스템은 알피엠(RPM) 시스템(실시간 위치 관리시스템, 베리안)을 사용하여, 복부의 외부 위치를 측정하고, 음향과 시각적으로 각각의 호흡주기의 90% 위치에서 2초 숨을 정지하도록 안내하는 방법을 사용했다. 평가방법은 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백 시스템을 이용시 간 상부의 호흡정지모습의 재현성이 게이팅 영역 내에서 향상되는지를 지원자의 실험을 통해 평가하였다. 자유호흡상태와 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백상태에서 3차 흉부자기공명영상내에 호흡 운동에 의한 영상 오류와 게이팅영역 내에서의 잔류 호흡 운동 조절여부도 함께 평가했다. 또한, 복부 변위의 RMSE도 (제곱근오차) 조사되었다. 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백방법을 사용함으로 자유호흡의 경우보다 게이트 3차 흉부 엠알 영상에서 폐와 간에서 호흡운동에 의한 영상오류의 감소 결과를 획득했다(영상획득시간: ~6분). 이는 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백사용시, 게이팅 영역에서 복부 운동 감소와 횡경막의 잔류 움직임 감소가 일치함을 의미한다. 따라서, 알피엠을 통해 얻은 복부 변위의 전체 자료에서평균 RMSE는 (제곱근오차) 자유 호흡의 2.0 mm에 비해 7 mm (67% 감소, p값=0.02)로 감소하였으며, 게이팅영역만을 고려했을때는 자유 호흡의 1.7 mm가 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백 호흡을 사용함으로써 0.7 mm (58 % 감소, p값=0.14) 로 개선되었다. 선형 피팅을 사용하여 얻은 평균 기준 이동값은 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백 을 사용하면 자유 호흡 5.5 mm/분보다 0.6 mm/분(89% 감소, p값=0.017)으로 감소되었다. 이 연구는 의사호흡정지 바이오 피드백을 이용해 게이트 3차 흉부 자기 공명 영상 중에 간 상부의 호흡정지 재현성이 향상되는 것을 보여 주었다. 이 시스템은 내부 해부학의 운동을 조절함으로써 게이트 의료 영상과 방사선 치료에 임상적으로 적용 할 수 있다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.566-573
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• 2013

ISAR(Inverse SAR) 영상은 비협조 표적 인식에서 널리 사용되어 왔다. ISAR 영상 획득에 있어 가장 중요한 문제 중 하나는 표적의 움직임에 의해 흐려진 영상의 품질을 개선하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 고품질의 표적 ISAR 영상을 효율적으로 획득하기 위한 방법으로서, oversampling 형태를 갖는 Discrete Gabor Representation(DGR)기법을 제안한다. DGR은 주어진 Gabor logon에 해당하는 시간-주파수 격자의 cell에, 신호의 시간-주파수 성분을 나타내는 Gabor 계수를 구획적으로 할당한다. 따라서 DGR은 우수한 신호의 시간-주파수 집중도를 보여주며, 산란점으로부터의 도플러 성분을 효과적으로 판별할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 DGR이 고품질의 ISAR 영상을 획득할 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 계산상의 효율성도 가짐을 입증하였다.

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자기공명의과학회 2003년도 제8차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.97-97
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• 2003

Contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) gradually occupies its position as a primary evaluation tool forsteno-occlusive disease of supra-aortic cervical arteries. It has several advantages over time-of-flight (TOF) technique such as shorter imaging time, less saturation effect, and less flow- and motion-related artifacts. Diverse methods of k-space sampling, imaging sequences, and strategies for image acquisitiontiming have been introduced since its early clinical application. Especially, methods of k-space sampling and image acquisition timing are very important to achieve maximal arterial enhancement and suppress venous signal while maintaining large scan coverage and high spatial resolution. In addition, regardless of several advantages over TOF technique, it still has a tendency to overestimate the degree of stenosis in patients with carotid or vertebralartery disease. In this exhibit, we will overview the current techniques of CE-MRA with special attention to methods of k-space sampling and image acquisition timing. We will also discuss diagnostic accuracy of CE-MRA in patients with supra-aortic cervical artery stenosis and artifacts frequently misinterpreted as steno-occlusive lesion on CE-MRA.