• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1001-1007
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• 2014

We surveyed the wearing characteristics of hip protectors. The problems of existing hip protectors were identified and the directions for improvement were presented. The evaluation of wearing characteristics was conducted on the 100 elderly women (60 to 85 years) with 5 types of hip protector. The questionnaire was composed of history and characteristics on falling, hip protector acceptance, preference, use characteristics and improvement requirements. The result of wearing characteristic evaluation indicated that 52% of the subject experienced falling in winter. Incidents resulting from falling occurred: outdoors (74.5%), bathroom (10.9%), and kitchen (5.5%). Body parts to be protected were in several areas: 35.6% for lumbar, 26.9% for hip joint, and 15% for hip bone. Participants prefer a belt B type design at a rate of 56.9% because it provided a sense of stability by clinging to the body and upholding the waist. Belt B type was the most appropriate in terms of fit, allowance, mobility, and design except pad thickness. To reduce the risk of hip fracture, hip protector needs to be designed in consideration of user's type of fall and body shape. The pattern and size of a hip protector has to be improved in regards to the amount of discomfort. An objective evaluation is needed for the ergonomic design of a hip protector based on and analysis of 3D body image of the elderly and the shock-absorbing quality of pad.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.414-423
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• 1998

Metal fume fever has been known as an occupational disease is induced by intense inhalation of fresh metal fume with a particle size smaller than $0.5{\mu}m\;to\;1{\mu}m$. The fumes originate from heating metals beyond their boiling point, as happens, for example, in welding operations. Oxidation usually accompanies this process. In most cases, this syndrome is due to exposure to zinc oxide fumes; however, other metals like copper, magnesium, cadmium, manganese, and antimony are also reported to produce such reactions. Authors report a case of metal fume fever suspected to be associated with copper fume inhalation. The patient was a 42-year-old male and was a smoker. He conducted inert gas tungsten arc welding on copper-coated materials without safety precautions such as a protective mask and adequate ventilation. Immediately after work, he felt metallic taste in his mouth. A few hours after welding, he developed headache, chilling sensation, and chest discomfort. He also complained of myalgia, arthralgia, feverish sensation, thirst, and general weakness. Symptoms worsened after repeated copper welding on the next day and subsided gradually following two weeks. Laboratory examination showed a transient increase of neutrophil count, eosinophilia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and positive C-reactive proteinemia. Blood and urine copper level was also increased compared to his wife. Before this episode, he experienced above complaints several times after welding with copper materials but welding of other metals did not produce any symptoms. It was suggested that copper fume would have induced metal fume fever in this case. Further investigations are needed to clarify their pathogenic mechanisms.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.45.1-45.8
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• 2015

Background: Radial forearm free flap is the most reliable flap for intraoral soft tissue reconstruction after cancer ablation surgery. However, unesthetic scar of the donor site and the need for a second donor site for skin graft are major disadvantages of the forearm flap. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical results of double-layered collagen graft to the donor site of the forearm free flap without skin graft. Methods: Twenty-two consecutive patients who underwent oral cancer ablation and forearm reconstruction between April 2010 and November 2013 were included in this study. Male to female ratio was 12:10, and average age was 61.0 years old (27-84). Double-layered collagen was grafted to the donor site of the forearm free flap and healed for secondary intention. Upper silicone had been trimmed at the periphery during secondary intention, and dry dressing was used. Postoperative scar healing and esthetic results and function were evaluated. Results: An average follow-up period was 34.9 months. The scar area was decreased to 63.9 % in average. The complete healing was obtained between 1.5 and 3 months according to the defect size. There was no functional defect or impairment 3 months after operation. All patients were satisfied with the esthetic results. Three patients died of recurred cancer. Conclusions: Double-layered collagen graft was successfully performed in this study. Without the thigh skin graft, patients had experienced less painful postoperative healing periods and discomfort.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2009

사용자들은 웹 콘텐츠의 세부 내용단위인 메뉴, 로그인, 뉴스, 동영상 등 다양한 아이템에서 자신이 홍미있는 아이템을 찾아 읽고 아이템에 연결된 하이퍼렁크를 클릭한다. 모바일 디바이스처럼 작은 스크린에서는 데스크탑 기반의 웹 콘텐츠를 동시에 보여주기 힘들어 사용자는 좌우 또는 상하 스크롤링을 통해 아이템을 찾아 헤매는 검색의 불편함이 발생한다. 사용자가 자주 사용하거나 또는 원하는 아이템을 찾아 먼저 표현하여 모바일 인터페이스 조작의 불편함을 감소시킬 수 있다. 그러기 위해 웹 콘텐츠는 세부 내용단위인 아이템 별로 세그먼트되어야 한다. 기존 대부분의 세그먼트 알고리즘들은 웹 콘텐츠의 HTML 코드와 모바일 사이즈에 기반하여 세그먼트하고 있어 다양한 아이템들이 구조적으로 더욱 복잡하게 형성되고 있는 현대의 웹 콘텐츠에서 내용 단위인 아이템 블록으로 세그먼트하는데 여러 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 데스크탑 웹 콘텐츠에서 내용 단위에 기반한 아이템 블록 추출을 위한 세그먼트 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

The reconstructive modalities for vaginal reconstruction include simple dilatation, skin graft, use of intestinal segments and various methods using flaps. However, skin grafting procedure is the most commonly used technique and the McIndoe procedure is a representative technique among skin grafting procedures. McIndoe procedure is easier, faster and has a lower morbidity compared to other techniques. However the conventional McIndoe procedure has several problems such as incomplete vestibule formation, excessive bleeding during dissection, possibility of recto-vaginal or urethro-vaginal fistula formation, late vaginal contracture and discomfort in wearing hard plastic mold for a long time after operation. To solve these problems, the authors modified the conventional McIndoe procedure in several perspectives. The undeveloped vestibule was incised with X-shaped mucosal incision between the urethral opening and posterior margin of the vestibule and deepened by blunt finger dissection to provide a sufficient diameter & length of the neovagina and to minimize bleeding. A sizable medium thickness split skin graft was harvested and wrapped over a roll gauze-filled condom mold. Applying multiple stab incision on the skin grafted condom mold, it was inserted into the prepared neovaginal canal. Distal margin of the skin graft was secured with tips of the mucosal flaps created by X-shaped vestibular incision to prevent accidental extrusion of the skin grafted mold. During last 15 years, we applied this modification to 20 vaginal agenesis patients and investigated results of the 12 patients who could be followed up serially including hematoma formation and skin graft survival rate, size, depth, presence of late contracture, appearance, comfortness, and hygiene of the neovagina. And they were compared with 8 patients of 20 patients who underwent conventional McIndoe procedures. The modified McIndoe procedure revealed lower complication rate, higher patient satisfaction and better functional results.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2018

Background The most common surgical treatment for paralytic lagophthalmos is the placement of a weight implant in the upper eyelid; however, this technique confers the risks of implant visibility, implant extrusion, and entropion. In this study, we present a new technique of placing platinum weight implants between the levator aponeurosis and inner septum to decrease such complications. Methods A total of 37 patients with paralytic lagophthalmos were treated between March 2014 and January 2017 with platinum weight placement (mean follow-up, 520.1 days). After dissecting through the orbicularis oculi muscle, the tarsal plate and levator aponeurosis were exposed. The platinum weights (1.0-1.4 g) were fixed to the upper margin of the tarsal plate and placed underneath the orbital septum. Results Five patients could partially close their eye after surgery. The average distance between the upper eyelid and the lower eyelid when the eyes were closed was 1.12 mm. The rest of the patients were able to close their eye completely. Three patients patient developed allergic conjunctivitis after platinum weight insertion, which was managed with medication. None of the patients complained of discomfort in the upper eyelid after surgery. Visibility or extrusion of the implant were observed in three patients. Conclusions Postseptal weight placement is a safe and reproducible method in both primary and secondary upper eyelid surgery for patients with paralytic lagophthalmos. It is a feasible method for preventing implant visibility, implant exposure, and entropion. Moreover, platinum is a better implant material than gold because of its smaller size and greater thinness.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2021

Background The reverse sural artery (RSA) flap is widely used for lower extremity reconstruction. However, patients sometimes suffer from donor site complications such as scar contracture and paresthesia, resulting in dissatisfaction with the aesthetic outcomes. This study investigated the characteristics of donor site morbidity associated with RSA flaps and described our experiences of dealing with complications by performing resurfacing surgery using thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flaps. Methods From April 2008 to August 2018, a total of 11 patients underwent contracture release and resurfacing surgery using TDAP flaps due to donor morbidity associated with RSA flaps. All affected donor sites were covered with a skin graft, the most common of which was a meshed split-thickness skin graft (six cases). Results Eight of the 11 patients (72.7%) suffered from pain and discomfort due to scar contracture, and seven (63.6%) complained of a depression scar. The donor sites were located 6.3±4.1 cm below the knee joint, and their average size was 140.1 cm². After resurfacing using TDAP flaps, significant improvements were found in the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) scores and the active and passive ranges of motion (AROM and PROM) of the knee joint. The LEFS scores increased from 45.1 to 56.7 postoperatively (P=0.003), AROM increased from 108.2° to 118.6° (P=0.003), and PROM from 121.4° to 126.4° (P=0.021). Conclusions Planning of RSA flaps should take into account donor site morbidity. If complications occur at the donor site, resurfacing surgery using TDAP flaps achieves aesthetic and functional improvements.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2024

Gestational gigantomastia is characterized by the rapid growth of breasts during pregnancy. The treatment method of gestational gigantomastia is unclear; if the medical treatment is ineffective, surgery is considered. However, sufficient research on which method is best to perform breast reconstruction for the gestational gigantomastia patient has not yet been conducted. Our patient was young and had aesthetic needs; thus, we did not recommend modified radical mastectomy. However, it was difficult for the patient to consider active reconstruction using an implant or autologous tissue because of the expected complications and economic problems. The patient had a thin body shape and very large breasts compared with the trunk. Therefore, breast volume was not significantly required after reconstruction. Additionally, we expected that a considerable portion of skin would remain after mastectomy as a tubular-shaped breast. It was expected that the Goldilocks technique would be sufficient to meet the patient's volume needs. Therefore, we proceeded with total mastectomy and reconstruction using the Goldilocks procedure. No complications were recorded after the operation; most of the patient's discomfort was resolved, and the shape and size of the breasts were satisfactory.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2009

목적: 최근 컴퓨터가 대량 보급되면서 VDT 증후군이 점차적으로 증가하고 있다. VDT 증후군은 VDT 작업자들에게 나타나는 근골격계 질환, 신경정신계 장애, 눈의 긴장, 피로, 자극과 충혈 등 안과적 증상을 포함한다. VDT 증후군의 환경요인으로는 전자파, 컴퓨터 화면의 크기, 밝기, 조명, 모니터 및 작업대의 높낮이, 작업시간, 작업의 종류, 작업자와 스크린과의 거리, 실내습도 및 온도, 사무실내의 공기오염, 환기 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 근거리 시각 작업으로 인한 VDT 증후군에서 나타나는 주요 신체증상 및 신체 및 심리적으로 영향을 줄 수 있는 환경적 요인을 조사하였다. 방법: 연구대상자는 19세부터 28세사이의 남자 54명, 여자 66명으로 총 120명이었다. 책이나 문서 읽기, 컴퓨터 작업 등에 대한 근거리 작업을 할 때에 나타나는 신체적 증상과 육체적 불편함을 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 조사항목에는 근업작업에 따른 주요 신체 증상과 눈의 자각 증상, 작업환경에 대한 만족도, 키보드, 마우스 사용시의 손목 통증 경험 등을 포함하였다. 결과: 장시간 컴퓨터, 문서, 전자기기를 사용할 때에 대부분(70%)이 신체적인 통증을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 통증부위는 주로 목과 허리(57.1%), 눈(45.2%), 두통(31%) 등이었다. 환경적 요인에서는 적절치 못한 조명으로 눈의 통증을 호소하는 사람들이 78.3%였다. 대부분의 증상은 '눈의 피로'(38.3%), '눈의 건조성'(31.9%), '눈의 흐릿함'(23.7%)이었다. 대상자들은 의자에 대한 불편함을 호소하였고 키보드, 마우스 사용 때 손목의 통증은 대부분 경험하였다. 결론: 전자기기, 문서 등을 이용할 때 빛, 공간, 자세, 작업대 등의 다양한 환경적 요인들이 조화롭지 못해 눈의 피로, 신체적인 피로감을 느낄 수 있다. 따라서 문서작업을 할 때에는 휴식시간에 대한 자기관리와 같은 예방법을 개발하여 눈의 피로를 줄여야 할 것이다. 또한 지속적인 연구를 통해 근골격계 질환 예방을 위해 최적의 시각적인 환경을 위한 인간공학적 디자인으로 작업환경을 바꾸어야 할 것이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 1997

연구배경 : 폐결핵은 세계적으로 발병율이 점차 추세에 있으나 결핵성 임파선염은 그 빈도가 그대로 유지되고 있다. 하지만 아직도 치료기간을 어느 정도로 해야할 지, 임파선이 줄지 않을 경우 치료에 반응이 있는 것인지 판단하기가 어렵다. 그리고 다른 부위의 결핵과의 연관성도 많이 알려져있지 않아 결핵성 임파선염의 임상양상과 치료기간, 타 장기의 결핵과 관련성에 대하여 후향적 고찰을 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1990년 1월 1일부터 1996년 8월 30일 까지 본원 흉부내과에 내원하여 임파선의 세침홉인검사를 통해 결핵성 경부임파선염으로 진단 받은 환자 120명을 대상으로 후향적 고찰을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결 과 : 1) 결핵성 경부 임파선염은 20 대에서 53.3% 로 가장 호발하였으며 여지에서 2.5배 더 많았다. 경부의 종괴촉진을 주소로 내원하는 경우가 80.0%로 가장 많았다. 경부 임파선염은 후경부에 가장 호발하였으며 좌우측에 침범하는 빈도는 비슷하였다. 2) 침범된 임파선염의 세침홉인검사를 시행하여 조직학적 검사상 결핵성 임파선염으로 진단된 경우는 82.3%이었고 홉인검체물로 항산균도말검사를 시행하여 양성은 38.6%, 결핵균배양에서 17.6%가 양성이었다(p<0.001). 3) 폐결핵은 79예(65.8%)에서 동반되었으며 대부분 경증폐결핵이었다(53.8%). 폐외결핵은 14명(11.7%)에서 동반되었으며 그중 결핵성 늑막염이 6명(42.8%)으로 가장 많았다. 4) 치료는 항결핵제복용(1차약, EHRZ)을 원칙으로 하였으며 평균치료기간은 18.5개월이었다. 치료기간동안 75.8%는 점차 크기가 줄어들었으며 30.4%에서 새로운 임파선이 발생하였고 26.8% 에서 농양이 형성되었으며 17.0%에서 누공이 형성되었다. 결 론 : 결핵성 임파선염은 젊은 여자에서 호발하는 질병으로 경부 임파선을 가장 많이 침범한다. 결핵성 임파선염은 전신적인 질환의 한 표현으로 여겨지며 타 장기의 결핵과 동반되는 경우도 빈번하다. 이는 대부분 항결핵제치료로 완치될 수 있으며 치료기간은 약 18~24개월을 요한다. 항결핵제를 계속 복용함에도 불구하고 크기가 커지거나 새로운 임파선염이 생가고 농양, 누공이 형성될 수 있으나 항결핵제로 지속적인 치료를 요하며 임파선의 세침흡인검사를 반복하여 결핵균이 있는지 여부를 보는 것도 치료효과를 판정하는데 도움을 주리라 생각한다. 충분한 결핵약 치료에도 불구하고 계속 커지거나 농양, 누공이 생겨 환자에게 불편을 초래하는 경우에는 완전절제생검를 고려해본다.