• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.348-357
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Aucklandiae Radix Moschus(木香 麝香)and to study the mechanism for neuronal death protection in hypoxia with Embryonic day 20 (E20) cortical cells of a rat (Sprague Dawley). Methods : E20 cortical cells used in this investigation were dissociated in Neurobasal media and grown for 14 days in vitro (DIV). On 14 DIV, Aucklandiae Radix Moschus(木香 麝香) was added to the culture media for 72 hrs. On 17 DIV, cells were given a hypoxic shock and further incubated in normoxia for another three days. On 20 DIV, Moschus(麝香)'s effects for neuronal death protection were evaluated by LDH assay and the mechanisms were studied by Bcl-2, Bak, Bax, caspase family. Results : This study indicate that Aucklandiae Radix(木香)'s effects for neuronal death protection in normoxia and Scutellariae Radix(麝香)'s effects for neuronal death protection in hypoxia were confirmed by LDH assay in culture method of Embryonic day 20(E20) cortical neuroblast. Moschus(麝香)'s mechanism for neuronal death protection in hypoxia is to increase the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. Conclusions : It may be reasonable to propose that Moschus(麝香) protects delayed neuronal death in hypoxia by increasing Bcl-2, thereby reducing mitochondrial permeability transition(PT) pores, the cytochrome c channels.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.41-68
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• 2011

Objectives: After organizing segmentations related to obesity from classics and each studies, we would like to examine the value of wild ginseng, bovis calculus, ursi fel and moschus as a obesity medicine. Methods: We found out 4 drugs which are wild ginseng, bovis calculus, ursi fel and moschus from the classics, such as "Shin-Nong-Bon-Cho-Kyung", "Myoung-Eui-Byul-Lok", "Bon-Cho-Gang-Mok", "Bon-Cho-Jong-Shin", "Bon-Cho-Bi-Yo", "Bon-Cho-Gu-Jin" and "Deuk-Bae-Bon-Cho", we searched websites such as RISS, Korean traditional knowledge portal, the society of Korean medicine for obesity research, Korean pharmacopuncture institute, the Korean academy of oriental rehabilitation medicine and Korean acupuncture & moxibustion society as well. Results: 1. We couldn't find the contents related to the efficacy of improving obesity through wild ginseng, bovis calculus, ursi fel and moschus from the classics. 2. Wild ginseng had a study dealing with the efficacy of anticancer, obesity, toxicity, immunity, sulfation, diabetes, plasma proteins, depression, hypertension, endometriosis and hair loss. Especially among 6 studies related to obesity, apart from the study that treated extract of wild ginseng directly to the cell or oral administration to the animals, also have studies that had an efficacy of improving obesity through injecting pharmacopuncture to acupuncture point and vein, etc. 3. Bovis calculus had a study about efficacy related to arthritis, liver, inflammation of cornea, obesity, anticancer, immunity, antacid, heart, lumbar pain, hypertension, toxicity, a digestive organ and sasang constitution, especially in case of obesity, had each studies about oral administration of complex prescription and about cell unit experiment of pharmacopuncture. 4. Ursi fel had a study about efficacy related to liver, arthritis, inflammation of cornea, immunity, obesity, anticancer, antacid, lumbar pain, digestive organ, toxicity, cell protection, skin ailment, etc. Especially in case of obesity, had each studies about oral administration of animal experiment and about cell unit experiment of pharmacopuncture. 5. Moschus had a study about efficacy related to liver, the central nervous system, arthritis, inflammation of cornea, immunity, obesity, anticancer, hypertension, heart, lumbar pain, etc. Especially in case of obesity, had one study about oral administration of complex prescription. Conclusion: Through the result of probability as a obesity medicine of wild ginseng, bovis calculus, ursi fel and moschus, we could identify the possibility of each drug as a obesity medicine. Also in the future, it is considered that studies about one or complex prescription and pharmacopuncture as a obesity medicine will be needed.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 1997

In order to investigate experimentally that effect of Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture on acutely damaged liver of rats induced by radix aconiti, the author gave Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture according to method of manufacture stimulation to corresponding points, Kan-su (B18) and Ki-mun (Liv14), and carried out hematological, serological examination and electromicroscopical observation. The following results were obstained : 1. At 6 hours, cell organelles induced by radix aconiti toxicity prominently destructed in control and aqua-acupuncture treatment groups. 2. At 12 hours, cell organelles, destruction was some similarities between control group and aqua-acupuncture treatment group. 3. At 24 hours, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex comparatively developed in aqua-acupuncture group treatment as compared with control group. 4. At 48 hours, cell organelles, destruction was recovered in aqua-acupuncture treatment group as compared with the control group and it was similiar normal findings. According to the above findings, it is considered that Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture has effects of recovery of acutely damaged liver.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 1997

In order to investigate experimentally that effect of Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture on acutely damaged liver of rats induced by radix aconiti, the author gave Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture according to method of manufacture stimulation to corresponding points, Kan-su(B18) and Ki-mun(Liv14), and carried out hematological, serological observation. Experimental groups were divided into 2 group : the one group was injected with extracted solution prepared by distillation method (A aqua-acupuncture treatment group), the other group was injected with extracted solution prepared by alchol extraction method (B aqua-acupuncture treatment group). The following results were obtained : 1. WBC level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. RBC and hemoglobin levels were not changed significantly in the experimental groups. 2. Total cholesterol level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. ALP level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6 and 24 hours as compared with the control group. ${\gamma}-GTP$ level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. 3. GOT level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6 and 12 hours as compared with the control group. GPT level was decreased siginificantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 96 hours as compared with the control group. According to the above findings, it is considered that Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture has effects of recovery of acutely damaged liver.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.6-24
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• 2002

This experiment was carried out to study on the safety assessment of Bos tures$^{\circ}{\S}Ursus thibetanus^{\circ}{\S}$Moschus extract solution(BUM) for Herbal-acupuncture. SD rats and ICR mice were used for acute toxicity test. the results were summerized as follows; 1. In rats and mice, LD50 value could not be measured. 2. There were no abnormal finding in acute toxicity test treated BUM for Herbal-acupuncture

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1404-1408
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• 2003

The combined effects of water-soluble fraction of Moschus (ME) and anti-tumor drug mitomycin C on the proliferation of human tumor cell-lines were estimated by MTT colorimetric assay. ME inhibited the proliferation of Hep G2, A540, HeLa, KHOS-NP and Balb/c 3T3 cells. Also, ME increased the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C on Hep G2, A549 and HeLa cells. In addition, ME enhanced the cell viability of murine splenocytes and human lymphocytes at the concentration of 100㎍/㎖. These results indicate that ME inhibits the proliferation of human tumor cells and increases the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C without cytoxicity on immune cells.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effect of four pharmacopuncture drugs (scolopendrid, Calculus Bovis-Fel Uris-Moschus (BUM), bee venom 25%, and sweet bee venom 10%) on the cerebral hemodynamics, including changes in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and in the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Methods: The changes in the rCBF and the MABP were determined by using a laser-Doppler flowmeter and a pressure transducer, respectively. Results: Scolopendrid (0.3 ml, 1 ml/kg) caused no significant changes in the rCBF and the MABP, whereas BUM (0.3 ml, 1 ml/kg) decreased the rCBF and the MABP, bee venom 25% (0.3 ml, 1 ml/kg) increased the rCBF and lowered the MABP, and sweet bee venom 10% (0.3 ml, 1 ml/kg) increased the rCBF and had no significant effect on the MABP. Conclusions: The rCBF and the MABP were influenced differently by the administration of various pharmacopunctures. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.105-110
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Calculus Bovis Fel Ursi Moschus(BUM) pharmacopuncture on the treatment of acute low back pain patients. Methods : The subjects in this study were 30 patients with acute low back pain who were treated in Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Jein Oriental Medicine Hospital from November 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011. These patients were randomly divided into two groups. In one group(control group), patients were treated with acupuncture. And in the other group(experimental group), patients were treated with both acupuncture and BUM pharmacopuncture. For evaluating change of pain, visual analog scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI) were checked before and after. Results : Each group had significant decrease in VAS and ODI after each treatment. Experimental group had more significant decrease in VAS after each treatment than control group. Conclusions : We suggest that cotreatment of acupuncture and BUM pharmacopuncture on acute low back pain patients can be recommended as a useful therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.251-263
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• 1996

In order to investigate experimentally that effect of Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-axupuncture on acutely damaged liver of rats induced by radix aconiti. The author admininisterated aqua-acupuncture according to method of manufacture stimulation to corresponding points, Kan-su$(BL_8)$ and Ki-mun($LR_{14}$), and carried out hematological, serological examination and electromicroscopical obseration. WBC level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. ${\gamma}-GTP$ level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. GPT level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 24 and 96 hours as compared with the control group, but GOT level did not reeveal any statistical difference. At 24-hours group, the cell organelles of the hepatic cells are destructed. The cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are particulary dilated in the 24-hours control group compared with experimental group. At 48-hours group, the destructed cell organelles are recovered in the experimental group compared with control group. At 96-hours group, the cell organelles of hepatic cells are showing feture of normal group. According to the above findings, it is considered that Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture has effects of recovery of acutely damaged liver.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2008

Objective : To carry out the oriental medicine treatment on a patient with Retinal Artery Occlusion in the left Methods : 1. Diagnosis: Fundus photography, Colored paper. 2. Treatment: Acupunture, Herbal medications. Results : It reported that oriental medicine is an effective treatment for a patient who felt a pain in eyes and hardly recognized the light. Through the treatment, the patient is steadily able to relieve the pain in eyes; to be aware of the light; and to perceive the shape of the object and it' s movement. Conclution : 1. Retinal Artery Occlusion is acute disease that vision is diminished fastly and become a blindness. 2. It belong to the cathegory of Pock Maeng(暴盲) in Oriental Medicine. 3. We could get the effective result by providing the patient with Tongkuhwalhyol-tang and Moschus.