• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.858-863
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• 2002

An antimicrobial compound was isolated from the MeOH extract of Catalpa ovata G.$D_{ON}$ fruits, and its structure was Identified as 4,9-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-Uihydronaphtho[2,3-b]pyran-5,10-dione (HMNP). The antimicrobial activity of the Un was determined by measuring the dose-response inhibiton of microbial growth in liquid cultures and then compared with that of lapachol, a well known antimicrobial 1,4-naphthoquinone. The antimicrobial activity of the HMNP was more effective than that of lapachol over a wide range of test organisms. Gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi ($IC_{50}$ $20-75\muM$) were found to be more sensitive to the HMNP than Cram-negative bacteria ($IC_{50}$ > $100\muM$). The HMNP also inhibited germination of spores of many fungi. The morphological defurmation of the fungal spores was induced by the treatment of HMNP, as illustrated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2014

This study uses turbidity and rheological measurements to examine the effects of the molecular weight (MW), substitution type and substitution degree of cellulose ether and water content on the cooking characteristics of rice noodles, the turbidity of the cooking solution, and the compression strength of the cooked noodles. When increasing the MW of cellulose ether and water content, the turbidity decreased, thereby improving the morphological stability of the rice noodles during cooking. Thus, when controlling the above factors effectively, the rice noodle cooking solution had a lower turbidity than with wheat noodles. Measuring the compression strength of the rice noodles using a rheometer was also effective for examining the pasting characteristics of the rice noodles and texture changes during cooking. As a result, the water content and MW of cellulose ether were found to affect the pasting characteristics and texture of the rice noodles more than the other factors examined.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.662-672
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• 2009

Obesity has increased dramatically increased in recent days. It has resulted in obesity-associated diseases and metabolic syndromes including hyperlipidemia, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Our study was investigated to determine the antiobese effects of mixed 2 medicinal herbs (AR+AC) in rats fed high-fat diet with an abundance of carbohydrates. Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed different diets during 8 weeks: normal diet containing 5% corn oil (w/w), high-fat diet containing 10% (w/w) lard plus 5% (w/w) corn oil (HF). And High-fat diet group was treated with saline or 100 mg/kg ARAC or 300 mg/kg ARAC (PO). Antiobese effect was evaluated by measuring the changes of body weight, adipose tissues weight. Also we examined levels of leptin, adiponectin and lipid profiles in serum. Finally we compared morphological change in adipocytes and hepatocytes between HF and ARAC group. Mixed combination of 2 medicinal herbs, but not alone, caused significant decrease in body weight, organ weight (liver, epididymal fat, and BAT) compared with control HF group. The ARAC group had markedly lower serum levels of adiponectin when compared with HF group. Also the epididymal white adipocyte size of ARAC group were diminished comparing to the HF group. These results suggest that the possibility of ARAC combination, as an antiobese formula, by suppression of body weight gain and increased lipid profiles.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1150-1154
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• 2003

The characteristics of a strain that contaminates the manufacturing of rice vinegar by Acetobacter pasteruianus was invetigated. Conditions for inhibiting pellicle formation and growth of the contaminant, which occurs during static culture and storage, were also observed. Examining the morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics and measuring the amount of cellulose production during static culture for 14 day, we found that the strain was known to be Acetobacter xylinum. No growth was observed below $10^{\circ}C$ as well as over $40^{\circ}C$. Also, the extent of growth was limited when the concentrations of ethanol, NaCl, and acetic acid were more than 10%, 1.5%, and 7%, respectively.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2012

Many metacercariae in the musculature of southern top mouthed minnow (Pseudorasbora parva) cultured at a farm in Chonbuk Province. The excysted metacercariae looked yellowish white and were $4.02{\pm}1.80$ mm (1.66-5.81) in length and $1.27{\pm}0.27$ mm (1.01-1.64) in width for acetocarmin-stained specimens. The oral sucker measuring $0.18{\pm}0.05$ mm (0.11-0.24) in length and $0.23{\pm}0.07$ mm (0.15-0.33) in width, was located at the anterior end of the body. The ventral sucker situated at the fourth third of the body were measured $0.47{\pm}0.08$ mm (0.35-0.53) in length and $0.55{\pm}0.09$ mm (0.43-0.63) in width. The tongue-shaped metacercariae were identified as Clinostomum complanatum on the basis of morphological characteristics. The metacercaria was also confirmed to be C. complanatum using PCR reaction with C. complanatum-specific primer sets, Trem 18S F and Ccom670 R. No histopathological changes in the infected fish were observed except necrosis and exfoliation of epidermis in the skin and atrophy of muscle fibers.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to investigate the impacts of concentration levels of whey protein isolate (WPI) and inulin on the formation and physicochemical properties of WPI/inulin nano complexes and to evaluate their potential prebiotic effects. WPI/inulin nano complexes were produced using the internal gelation method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer were used to assess the morphological and physicochemical characterizations of nano complexes, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of resveratrol in nano complexes was studied using HPLC while the potential prebiotic effects were investigated by measuring the viability of probiotics. In TEM micrographs, the globular forms of nano complexes in the range of 10 and 100 nm were successfully manufactured. An increase in WPI concentration level from 1 to 3% (w/v) resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the size of nano complexs while inulin concentration level did not affect the size of nano complexes. The polydispersity index of nano complexes was below 0.3 in all cases while the zeta-potential values in the range of -2 and -12 mV were observed. The encapsulation efficiency of resveratrol was significantly (p<0.05) increased as WPI and inulin concentration levels were increased from 1 to 3% (w/v). During incubation at 37℃ for 24 h, WPI/inulin nano complexes exhibited similar viability of probiotics with free inulin and had significantly (p<0.05) higher viability than negative control. In conclusions, WPI and inulin concentration levels were key factors affecting the physicochemical properties of WPI/inulin nano complexes and had potential prebiotic effect.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to understand the physiological characteristics of muscular men between the ages of 20 and 34 years who are distinct from the general population due to their muscular development, and to categorize them according to upper body somatotypes. This research was conducted in order to provide basic data necessary for developing clothing products for muscular men. The research method and results were as follows: 1. The study carried out factor analysis with the body measuring value of 168 muscular men according to the body classification method of Sheldon and Heath-Carter. The study materialized muscular men's lower body types statistically by carrying out cluster analysis, regarding scores of each factor extracted from the factor analysis as an independent variable. The study also carried out discriminant analysis with the results of cluster analysis classified so that morphological characters of each type were remarkably distinguished. 2. As the results of factor analysis, the study set up number of factors as three. Factor 1 occupied 38.149% of the total variables as a size factor of the lower body. Factor 2 occupied 20.417% of the total variables as a height and length factor of the lower body. Factor 3 occupied 8.466% of the total variables as a length factor of the hip. 3. The study classified the lower body type into three types and the characteristics by each type were as follows. Type 1 was a group with the best developed muscle in the lower of the body, considering that a size of their lower bodies was the largest. Type 2 was well-balanced muscular males though a size of the lower body was smaller than other types. This type didn't have fatness of the abdomen and large hips. Type 3 was a body type that the length from the waist to the hip was long. 4. As the results of carrying out discriminant analysis to distinguish muscular men's lower body types, the discriminant accuracy was 86.3% over all in the lower bodies.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.430-437
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• 2011

The epidermal recovering-effects of the Cnidium officinale extract after inducing contact-dermatitis by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) showed by measuring thickness of skin, identifying IgE amounts in plasma, and activities of anti-oxidant enzymes using histochemical and biochemical methods. By three-time applications of the extract, morphological changes of dermatitis in impaired region were recovered dramatically and shape of skin surface and thickness of epidermis were restored to be normal. Also, lipid content was recovered to the level of normal state. We suggested that extract treatment lowered a hypersensitive reaction by decreasing of IgE level in blood and restored activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In conclusion, we proposed that C. officinale extract might be used as natural resources for treating effectively allergic contact-dermatitis.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2017

Shape from focus (SFF) is a technique used to reconstruct 3D shape of objects from a sequence of images obtained at different focus settings of the lens. In this paper, a new shape from focus method for 3D reconstruction of microscopic objects is described, which is based on gradient operator in Mathematical Morphology. Conventionally, in SFF methods, a single focus measure is used for measuring the focus quality. Due to the complex shape and texture of microscopic objects, single measure based operators are not sufficient, so we propose morphological operators with multi-structuring elements for computing the focus values. Finally, an optimal focus measure is obtained by combining the response of all focus measures. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm has provided more accurate depth maps than the existing methods in terms of three-dimensional shape recovery.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.375-388
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• 1994

When conducting movable bed tests in a narrow wave tank, the hydrodynamics and morphology are assumed to be two-dimensional; hence, any three-dimensional patterns such as cross-tank variations of the profiles are neglected or averaged to represent the mean profiles at the measuring time. In this paper, six movable bed tests were carried out with a fairly fine sand to investigate (1) whether or not three-dimensional features can occur in relatively narrow wave tanks, and (2) various possible interrelationships and causes of the three-dimensionality. These movable bed studies suggested that there was a relatively slow feedback between the hydrodynamics and the morphology that led to initiation and growth of 3-D morphological features, resulting in cross-tank profile variations under certain stages of profile development, especially when the profile approached an equilibrium with overall stability.