• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2015

Objective: To investigate fertilization and embryo quality of dysmorphic mature oocytes with specific morphological abnormalities obtained from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: The fertilization rate (FR) and embryo quality were compared among 58 dysmorphic and 42 normal form oocytes (control 1) obtained from 35 consecutive ICSI cycles, each of which yielded at least one dysmorphic mature oocyte, performed over a period of 5 years. The FR and embryo quality of 441 normal form oocytes from another 119 ICSI cycles that did not involve dysmorphic oocytes served as control 2. Dysmorphic oocytes were classified as having a dark cytoplasm, cytoplasmic granularity, cytoplasmic vacuoles, refractile bodies in the cytoplasm, smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm, an oval shape, an abnormal zona pellucida, a large perivitelline space, debris in the perivitelline space, or an abnormal polar body (PB). Results: The overall FR was significantly lower in dysmorphic oocytes than in normal form oocytes in both the control 1 and control 2 groups. However, embryo quality in the dysmorphic oocyte group and the normal form oocyte groups at day 3 was similar. The FR and embryo quality were similar in the oocyte groups with a single abnormality and multiple abnormalities. Specific abnormalities related with a higher percentage of top-quality embryos were dark cytoplasm (66.7%), abnormal PB (50%), and cytoplasmic vacuoles (25%). Conclusion: The fertilization potential of dysmorphic oocytes in our study was lower, but their subsequent embryonic development and embryo quality was relatively good. We were able to define several specific abnormalities related with good or poor embryo quality.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.253-275
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• 1999

The effects of Sagunjatang and Samultang on the immunosuppression induced by methotrexate(MTX) in rats were investigated in this study. The multiple parameters of immunity assessed in each rats included leukocyte count, lymphocyte rate, the number of lymphocyte in tibial bone marrow, contact hypersensitivity to DNFB, morphological change of thymocyte and IgG antibody on SDS-PAGE. Sprague-Dawley male rats were used and divided into five groups at random. Group A was normal control. Group B, the MTX treatment control, was injected i.v. with 2mg/kg of on days 9, 11 after sensitization with SRBC on 5th day. Group C, the experimental control, was treated Sagunjatang for 18days and MTX. Group D was treated Samultang for 18days and MTX. Group E was treated Sagunjatang-Samultang for 18days and MTX. The dosage of Sagunjatang and Samultang was $1m{\ell}/day$ respectively. In the case of Group E, rats Were fed Sagunjatang $1m{\ell}$ in the morning and Samultang $1m{\ell}$ in the afternoon. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Leukocyte count in rats induced by intravenous sensitization with SRBC was decreased significantly in Group E. 2. Leukocyte counts of 2weeks later after being treated MTX were increased significantly in Groups C and D. 3. Lymphocyte rate in rats induced by intravenous sensitization with SRBC wasn't changed significantly in all the experimental groups. 4. Lymphocyte rate of 2weeks. later after being treated MTX was increased significantly in Group D. 5. The number of lymphocyte in tibial bone marrow was incereased significantly in Group C. 6. Contact hypersensitivity wasn't changed significantly in all the experimental groups. 7. Morphological finding of thymocyte in group C was similar to normal group as compared with control group. 8. Purified IgG of all the experimental groups showed two bands of 50,000 and 25,000 on SDS-PAGE. But there was no difference among experimental groups.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the healing effect of Yukmijihwang-tang (YM) on femur fractured mice. Methods Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal, control, positive control, YM with low, medium, high dosage each. All groups were prepared with femur fracture and treated diffrently. In order to measure bone regeneration effects, we analysed the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), collagen type II alpha 1 chain (Col2a1), Sox9, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osterix genes expressed in bone. For morphological analysis, muscles were removed and femur was observed with naked eye. Results COX2 gene expression in bone marrow significantly decreased. BMP2 gene expression significantly increased. Col2a1 gene expression significantly increased. Sox9 gene expression increased as well. Runx2 gene expression in bone marrow increased, but there was no statistical significance. Osterix gene expression significantly increased. Union of the fracture site progressed more in YM group compared to the control group. The fracture union score was significantly decreased in YM group compared to the control group. Conclusions YM showed anti-inflammatory effect, promoted bone regeneration by stimulating the bone regeneration factor. In conclusion, YM can help fracture healing and it well be applied clinically to patients with fracture.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

Background and Objectives Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disease. On the other hand, there is no treatment that can improve the thyroid function. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can improve the cellular activity. The effect of hypothyroidism is not obvious. This study examined the effects of LLLT on the thyroid gland function of a propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism mouse model. Materials and Methods Twenty-five male ICR mice were distributed into five groups of five animals each: Negative control (none PTU animal) and positive control (PTU animal) of unirradiated animals, and three experimental groups with LLLT (3J, 6J, and 12J). Each mouse was exposed to a distinct dose of a 632-nm laser once a week for three rounds. The positive control group and three LLLT groups were induced into a hypothyroidism state by PTU administration. The animals' thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroxine levels were measured using an ELISA kit, and their thyroid tissue was harvested and analyzed after sacrifice at the end of the experiment. The hormone level and morphological changes in the tissue of the five groups were compared. Results The thyroid hormone levels in the control group and LLLT groups were similar. On the other hand, the thyroid tissue of the LLLT groups showed some morphological changes that were similar to those of iodine deficiency thyroid. Conclusion LLLT did not affect the thyroid gland function in PTU-induced hypothyroidism mice.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

일사 저하에 따른 벼의 형태적 변화와 광합성 특성 변화를 평가하기 위하여, 필리핀 소재 국제미작연구소(IRRI)에서 3품종을 이용하여 분얼기, 생식생장기, 등숙기에 약 40% 차광 처리하고 자연광 처리를 두어 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 차광 조건에서 벼는 단위 엽면적 및 엽록소계(SPAD) 측정값 증가, 엽신으로의 건물중 분배비율 증가 등 일조 부족에 대한 적응 형태를 나타내었으나, 분얼이 지연되고 건물 생산량이 감소하는 특징을 보였다. 2. 차광 조건에서 생육한 벼는 자연광 조건에서 생육한 벼에 비하여 탄소동화속도가 늦었으나 조직 내 이산화탄소의 농도는 높게 유지되어, 차광 내 벼의 광합성이 낮았던 것은 광합성 기질인 이산화탄소의 제한이 아니고 photosystem의 전자전달 활성의 약화에 기인된 것으로 판단되었다. 3. 차광 조건에서 생육한 벼를 자연광에 1일간 노출시켜 순화한 후 측정한 최대 광합성과 photosynthetic photon flux density에 대한 광합성 반응은 자연광에서 생육한 벼의 광합성 반응과 차이를 보이지 않아, 차광 조건에서 생육한 벼는 자연광에서 생육한 벼 수준의 잠재 광합성 능력을 유지하고 있었으며, 차광에서의 광합성 저하는 단순하게 일사량 저하에 의한 현상이었다. 4. 분얼기간 동안 차광 조건에서 생육하고 유수형성기 이후 자연광에 노출되어 생육한 벼는 자연광 조건에서 생육한 벼에 비하여 유수형성기부터 출수기까지의 SPAD 값의 증가 정도가 적으며, 엽신 질소 함량의 감소 정도가 크고, $2,000\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ 이상으로 강한 광 조건에서는 광합성이 감소하는 경향을 보여, 일조 부족에 적응한 벼는 photoinhibition 정도가 큰 것으로 생각된다. 5. 벼 수량은 자연광 처리에 비하여 유수형성기$\sim$출수기 차광에서는 수당영화수와 포트당 영화수의 감소에 의하여, 출수기$\sim$성숙기 차광에서는 등숙비율의 저하에 의하여 감소하였다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

한반도의 참나무 중 하천변 잠재자연식생인 졸참나무와 갈참나무를 대상으로 지구온난화의 핵심 요소인 $CO_2$농도와 온도를 상승시킬 때 잎의 형태학적 반응이 어떻게 일어나는지 알아보고자 유리온실 내에서 대기 중의 $CO_2$농도를 그대로 반영한 대조구와 이보다 $CO_2$농도는 약 1.6배와 온도는 $2.2^{\circ}C$상승시킨 온난화처리구에서 실험하여 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 졸참나무와 갈참나무는 $CO_2$농도와 온도의 상승으로 인하여 잎폭 길이, 잎몸 무게 그리고 엽면적이 증가하고 잎 수와 비엽면적은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 졸참나무는 잎폭 길이, 잎몸 길이, 잎몸 무게, 잎 수, 엽면적 그리고 비엽면적 모두 대조구와 온난화처리구 간에 차이가 없었다. 그러나 갈참나무는 잎폭 길이와 잎몸 무게의 증가, 비엽면적의 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 이상의 잎의 형태학적 반응으로 볼 때, 갈참나무는 $CO_2$농도와 온도에 대하여 졸참나무 보다 민감하게 반응한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 주성분분석 결과, 두 종은 요인 1과 2에 의해 대조구와 온난화처리구에서 배열에 차이가 있었고, 온난화처리에 대한 변화는 졸참나무보다 갈참나무에서 명확히 구별되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2003

Certain hexavalent chromium compounds when administered via inhalation have the potential to induce lung injury in human and experimental animals. In present study, the inhalation effect of hexavalent chromium on morphological change and weight change of rat organ were investigated. Rats were exposed to hexavalent chromium ($Na_2CrO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$) at concentration of $0.36mg/m^3$ (group 1), $1.8mg/m^3$ (group 2), ascorbic acid and $1.8mg/m^3$ (group 3) and filtered air (group 0, control group) for I week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks. The weight of lung and kidney in group 2 and group 3 significantly higher than in control group at same exposure period. The epithilial cells of bronchiole in group 1, 2, 3 were more flatten than group 0. In the lung, the number of macrophage was significantly increased and morphologically changed macrophages were observed in group 1, 2, 3. The morphological change of the lung did not significant between group 2 and group 3, however, in group 1 was milder than in group 2 and group 3. The severity of morphological change were depend on exposure period in the lung. The morphological changes by hexavalent chromium of the liver and kidney were also observed These results suggest that inhalation of hexavalent chromium effects on not only respiratory organ, but also the liver and the kidney via blood stream.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2012

초대형 사구지역 내 철도공사를 위한 대단위 토공작업을 수행하는 경우, 공사 중 및 공사 후 모래바람에 의한 철도선로의 침식 등으로 인해 철도운행에 큰 지장을 초래할 수 있기 때문에 모래바람에 의한 철도노선 내 모래퇴적 방지공의 계획수립이 매우 중요하다. 효과적인 모래퇴적 방지공을 위해서는 적절한 토공설계뿐만 아니라 펜스 시스템과 같은 직접적 모래바람 억제방법 등에 대한 통합적이고 신중한 고려가 필요하다. 하지만, 현재까지 사용된 여러 방법들을 조사해 본 바에 의하면 모래사막 내 철도건설 시 가장 일반적이고 효과적인 모래퇴적 방지공은 없으며, 모래사막의 사구의 지형학적 연구를 토대로 철도선로 및 모래바람으로부터의 철도선로 보호 구조물 등에 대한 철저한 유지보수 계획의 수립이 더 효과적이고 경제적일 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에서는 UAE에서 수행되는 프로젝트 지역 내 사구지역의 대단위 및 특정지역 지형에 대한 조사, 분석을 수행하고, 문헌고찰, 항공사진, 위성사진, 현장조사 등을 통해 프로젝트 지역 내 사구의 이동경로, 이동속도를 추정하여 모래바람에 의한 철도선로 침식방지 구조물의 설계 및 유지 보수 계획 수립에 기여하는 것에 그 목적을 두었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2000

Aflatoxin B1 is known as the most potent mycotoxin produced by several fungi. It has been demonstrated to be not only carcinogenic but teratogenic and mutagenic as well in humans. To prevent or inactivate aflatoxins, several chemical of physical methods were tested for ammoniation, using insecticides as an wxample, but they were unsuitable for food products. On the contrary, biological control by antagonistic microorgani는 is and ideal method. In order to control aflatoxin B1 biologically, the antagonists #07, #63, #75, #74, and #61 were separated from various samples by using the antagonistic activity test. Among them, culture filtrate part A (non heat-treated) of #63 and #74 on aflatoxin B1 produced by Aspergillus fkavus were shown to be 95% and 75%, respectively. Based on the morphological characteristics, #63 was deduced as an Azospirillum sp.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.812-819
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• 2015

Gladiolus is one of the most popular cut flowers in the world floral market and is highly attractive to consumers. The production of poor-quality gladiolus spikes is one of the most important hurdles to obtaining high prices for this crop. The main objectives of this study were to improve the quantitative characteristics of gladiolus spikes, to increase propagule production and to enhance chemical constituent levels in leaves to help improve plant growth. We performed foliar application of bioregulators, including polyamines (putrescine and spermine) and vitamins (ascorbic acid and thiamine), at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.4, 0.7 and 1 mM) to gladiolus plants at the three leaf, five leaf and slipping stages. Application of 1 mM putrescine was the most effective treatment, with prominent effects on economically important spike traits including spike length (55.53 cm), spike diameter (7.53 mm), florets per spike (13.99), first floret diameter (9.66 cm) and first floret weight (4.90 g), followed by spermine treatment. The 1 mM putrescine treatment also had positive effects on corm-associated traits including corm diameter and corm weight, with values of 4.57 cm and 26.16 g compared to 3.47 cm and 17.16 g in control plants, respectively. The contents of chemical constituents in leaves, including total chlorophylls ($8.06mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), total carotenoids ($1.66mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$), total soluble sugars ($4.75 mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and phenolics ($0.89mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) increased in response to foliar application of 1 mM putrescine compared to the control. Ascorbic acid and thiamine also had positive effects on various plant morphological traits and chemical constituents in leaves compared to control plants, but the growth-promoting effects of polyamines were more pronounced. Hence, applying polyamines to gladiolus leaves will help improve spike production and increasing propagule (cormel) yields.