• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2009

Soybean curd (SC) is prepared through the elimination of water-insoluble components and molding by pressing. However, whole soybean curd (WSC) is made without the elimination of water-insoluble components and pressing. Therefore, it was considered that the components contained in WSC might be different from those in SC and we compared their contents of various components, hardness, and morphological features for this study. Ash, dietary fiber, and niacin contents were significantly higher in WSC than in SC. In addition, the carbohydrate and vitamin $K_1$ contents of WSC tended to be higher than those in SC, whereas the hardness of WSC was lower than that of SC. Moreover, electron microscopic analysis showed that the morphological characteristic of WSC consisted of considerably more fine retiform tissues in comparison to SC. Based on their compared nutrition, functional, and quality characteristics, it was suggested that WSC might be superior to SC.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.477-502
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• 2007

The Aconitum alboviolaceum Kom. complex includes four controversial species described from Korea; A. albouiolaceum, A. pseudolaeue, A. longecassidatum, and A. quelpaertense. The main objective of this study was to determine the taxonomic identities and systematic relationships among the species in the A. albouiolaceum complex based on morphology, numerical analyses and DNA sequence analysis. In the present study, variations in the principal morphological characters and chloroplast DNA noncoding region sequences (psbA-trnH IGS, trnL intron, and trnL-trnF IGS) were examined for 95 individuals from 20 populations. Also, neighbor-joining analysis was adopted to infer their relationships. Morphological variation appeared to be considerably high but not to be related to geographic distribution. These morphological results suggest that reevaluation of key morphological characters are needed for the proper taxonomic treatment of the complex. The length of psbA-trnH IGS region ranged from 241 to 250 bp, that of the trnL intron from 526 to 532 bp, and that of the trnL-trnF IGS region from 466 to 472 by in all taxa. Nine haplotypes were recognized from the analysis. Seven populations shared more than two haplotypes, while other thirteen populations shared only one haplotype. In the phylogenetic analysis, the nine haplotypes formed four groups, separated A. sibiricum, one of the sister groups of the complex. There also was no distinct grouping pattern supporting the species and populations observed. These results suggest that introgression or speciation might have been involved in the formation of taxa of A. alboviolaceum complex.

• Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

Twenty two varieties of pecan including wild types were classified based on 6 characters measured by principal component analysis score distance. The results are summarized as fellow. Twenty two varieties were classified into 5 groups based in PCA score distance. Five groups were distinctly characterized by many morphological characters. Total variation could be explained by 51%, 95%, 99% with first, third and fifth principal components respectively. Varimax rotation of the factor loading of the first factors indicated that the first component was highly loaded with leaf characters, the second component with fruit characters, but fruit length was negative loaded. The second, the third and the fourths groups of cultivars had very close genetic parentage similarity.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 1993

We have conducted surface photometry of a spiral galaxy NGC4419, by making use of photographic plates in U, B, V and R-bands taken by 105cm Schmidt Camera at Kiso Observatory. Two dimensional surface brightness distributions as well as luminosity profiles along the major axis are examined in detail to decipher the morphological properties of the galaxy. Analysis of the color distributions of NGC4419 shows that B-V and U-B colors remain constant throughout the galaxy with a weak trend of blue bulge in B-V color. The blue bulge might indicate an active star formation in the nucleus of NGC4419. For a quantitative analysis of the luminosity distribution of NGC4419, the observed luminosity profiles are decomposed into bulge and disk components, assuming the bulge component to follow de Vaucouleurs $\gamma^{1/4}-law$ while the disk component is assumed to be exponential. The fitting generally fails at the central part and at the shoulder near r = 15' where bulge and disk components overlap. The failure at the central part cannot be attributed wholly by the seeing disk since the core-radius of the central plateau is much larger than the width of point spread function. The failure at shoulder could be due to the luminosities from the spiral arms.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 2020

Background: The leaves of Perilla frutescens, commonly called perilla and used for food in Korea, contain components with a variety of biological effects and potential therapeutic applications. The purpose of this study was to identify the components of 70% ethanol extracted Perilla frutescens (EEPF) and determine its inhibitory effects on oral microbial activity and production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophages, consequently, to confirm the possibility of using EEPF as a functional component for improving the oral environment and preventing inflammation. Methods: One kg of P. frutescens leaves was extracted with 70% ethanol and dried at -70℃. EEPF was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, and antimicrobial activity against oral microorganisms was revealed using the disk diffusion test. Cell viability was elucidated using a methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay, and the effect of EEPF on LPS-induced morphological variation was confirmed through microscopic observation. The effect of EEPF on LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2 was confirmed by the NO assay and PGE2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The main component of EEPF was rosemarinic acid, and EEPF showed weak anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects against microorganisms living in the oral cavity. EEPF did not show toxicity to Raw264.7 macrophages and had inhibitory effects on the morphological variations and production of pro-inflammatory mediators, NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophages. Conclusion: EEPF can be used as a functional material for improving the oral environment through the control of oral microorganisms and for modulating inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2021

In this study, we analyzed the food components in the release product that sampled Sinonovacula constricta from the foreshore littoral at Byeongnyang-myeon, Suncheon Bay. We used microscopy and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to evaluate the applicability of morphological and molecular methods to analyze release products. The higher species diversity observed in the NGS method is due to the different levels of species identification, as microscopy displays morphological and anatomical levels of plankton species identification in S. constrita. Moreover, NGS can identify the level of species in the organic matter by using the 18s_V9 primer.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.92-98
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• 2022

This paper proposes a new method of the traffic signal detection and the recognition in an HSI color model. The proposed method firstly converts a ROI image in the RGB model to in the HSI model to segment the color of a traffic signal. Secondly, the segmented colors are dilated by the morphological processing to connect the traffic signal light and the signal light case and finally, it extracts the traffic signal light and the case by the aspect ratio using the connected component analysis. The extracted components show the detection and the recognition of the traffic signal lights. The proposed method is implemented using C language in Raspberry Pi 4 system with a camera module for a real-time image processing. The system was fixedly installed in a moving vehicle, and it recorded a video like a vehicle black box. Each frame of the recorded video was extracted, and then the proposed method was tested. The results show that the proposed method is successful for the detection and the recognition of traffic signals.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.312-318
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• 2014

We evaluated the morphological characteristics of 156 maize inbred lines, which were developed to breeding normal maize variety at Maize Experiment Station, Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services, by examining 11 quantitative and three qualitative characteristics. On the evaluation of three qualitative traits for 156 maize inbred lines, most inbred lines showed yellow (85 and 84 inbred lines) at tassel color (QL1) and silk color (QL2), and showed semi erect (105 inbred lines) at plant type (QL3). While, the evaluation of 11 quantitative traits for 156 maize inbred lines, they showed the morphological variation in days of tasseling (QN1, 56.5 to 76.0 days), days of silking (QN2, 59.0 to 85.5 days), stem thickness (QN3, 12.7 to 42.9 mm), plant height (QN4, 111.8 to 239.8 cm), ear height (QN5, 48.2 to 126.5 cm), 100 kernel weight (QN6, 14.9 to 36.4 g), ear length (QN7, 10.0 to 79.0 cm), setted kernel length (QN8, 8.0 to 70.5 cm), ear thickness (QN9, 4.0 to 22.0 cm), total kernel weight (QN10, 22.0 to 490.0 kg) and water content (QN11, 9.3 to 11.9%), respectively. As a result, 11 inbred lines (00hf3, 00hf19, 00hf30, 00hf36, 02S8069, 02S8072, 02S8090, 02S8099, 05S10011, 06S8085-6, 07S8011) in the 156 normal maize inbred lines have showed comparatively high values. While, the results of PCA (principal component analysis) indicated that the ear length (QN7), setted kernel length (QN8), ear thickness (QN9) and total kernel weight (QN10) greatly contributed in positive direction on the first principal components. And also, days of tasseling (QN1), days of silking (QN2), plant height (QN4) and ear height (QN5) contributed in negative direction on the second principal component. Thus these morphological characters, which were greatly contributed in the first and second principal components, might be considered to be useful for discrimination among 156 normal inbred lines. Specifically, this study's assessment of morphological characteristics of 156 normal inbred lines will be helpful useful for normal maize breeding programs such activities as planning crosses for hybrid and line development at Maize Experiment Station, Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

A line x tester analysis was carried out in mulberry (Morns spp.) under different salinity levels to determine the changes in the genetic interaction of various morpho-biochemical characters. Five mulberry genotypes, 3 females and 2 males, differing in salt tolerance were selected for the study. Clones of these parents along with clones of the F1 hybrids were planted in earthen pots and subjected to different levels of salinity (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% NaCl). Data on morphological and biochemical characters were subjected to line x tester analysis. The result revealed significant variation among the parents studied. The prominence of non-additive gene effect under control condition suggests the need for well chalked out breeding program to exploit the non-fixable variance of components for improvement of plant height, leaf size and leaf yield, chlorophyll and photosynthesis in mulberry. However, under salinity stress a shift from non-additive gene effect to additive gene effect for the above said character further suggests the need for a change in breeding strategy. The general combining ability (GCA) analysis has identified English black as the best combiner among the parents and the specific combining ability analysis (SCA) found crosses of English black X C776 and Rotndiloba x Mandalaya were good for Plant height and leaf size and English black X C776 and Rotundiloba x C776 were good for biochemical proline and chlorophyll. From the performance of parents and their crosses under different salinity levels and also under normal cultural conditions it is concluded that in mulberry different approaches are required to develop varieties for the irrigated and saline conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.3 s.35
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• pp.208-215
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to provide the fundamental data of a dummy design for more suitable ready made clothing by making a pattern of somatic types and analyzing their morphological characteristics in accordance with different pattern of somatic types. The side view silhouettes of 90 junior high school girls of age $13\~16$ in seoul urban area were measured by means of the plan photographing and the low data were examined by principal component analysis, while the principal component analysis was applied and three components were extracted and then interpreted to explain to variation of the form of the body. Using three components respectively the cluster analysis was carried out and the subject classified into 4 cluster The following outcomes are obtained. . The results of principal component analysis of this study would be turned out the three; 1) The first principal component shows the degree of erectness or stoop of the figure. 2) The second principal component was a stature length or a growth rate. 3) The third principal component was the obesity component. 2. The results of cluster analysis by using three principal component analysis would be turned out the four cluser; 1) Cluster 1 ($29\%$ of the total) is characterized with lower stature. 2) Cluster 2 ($21\%$ of the total) is characterized with backward somatotype, and the highest leg. 3) Cluster 3 ($23\%$ of the total) is thicked back of neck. 4) Cluster 4 ($27\%$ of the total) is characterized with forward somatotype, and highest stature, height.