• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.120-127
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• 2015

Morphological properties of dark banded rockfish (Sebastes inermis) were analysed to investigate its acoustic scattering characteristics. Total of 18 live samples was prepared for X-ray photos and collected morphological coordinates of their body and swim bladder shapes. Kirchhoff-ray mode model was used to calculate acoustic scattering pattern for broad-band frequency range. Inclination of swim bladder ranged from 17 to 30 and the averaged value was about $25.2^{\circ}$ (S.D.(standard deviation)=3.15). There were no any tendency of increase or decrease in volume and area ratio of swim bladder to fish body and ranged from 2.2 % to 4.43 % and 14.85 % to 21.31 %, respectively. The averaged value of volume and area ratio was 3.13 % (S.D.=0.52) and 17.6 % (S.D.=1.5). $b_{20}$ values were -69.01 for 38 kHz, -69.83 for 70 kHz, -70.17 for 120 kHz and -70.93 for 200 kHz, recpectively. Broadband acoustic patterns of dark banded rockfish for 20 ~ 200 kHz were similar among samples and they reflected size and morphological properties of fish species.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 2020

Two unreported fungal isolates, KNU-GW1901 and KNU-AP100C, were collected from soil sample in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Their cultural and morphological characteristics were examined after 4 weeks of incubation at 25℃ on potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA), and oatmeal agar (OA). The conidial shape of KNU-GW1901 was aseptate, hyaline, globose to ellipsoidal, oblong, and reniform to pyriform and 2.61-4.97×1.93-3.61 ㎛ in size, whereas no conidial structures were observed in KNU-AP100C. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, large subunit (LSU), and small subunit (SSU) sequences were used to determine the taxonomic positions of the strains using the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree. The isolate KNU-GW1901 was closely clustered with Plenodomus sinensis MFLUCC 17-0767, and KNU-AP100C was closely matched with P. collinsoniae CBS 120227. Based on the findings of morphological, cultural, and phylogenetic analysis, the isolates KNU-GW1901 and KNU-AP100C were identical to the previously described P. sinensis and P. collinsoniae isolates, respectively, which are first reported in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2016

Horsehair or gordian worms (Nematomorpha) were identified with 22 genera (Gordiida) and 5 marine species (Nectonema) until now. During juvenile phase in development, they gain parasitic activity in arthropods. In this study, a gordian worm was detected in the feces of a dog living in Nonsan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. Using this worm, we evaluated the morphological characteristics by light microscopic analysis. Furthermore, the morphological classification was re-evaluated by scanning and transverse electron microscopes. The worm was determined that it is male adult having a bi-lobed tail and male gonads in cross sections. Based on the morphological characteristics including cross sections of body and areole on the cuticle, the parasite was also identified as Gordius sp. (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2013

The morphological relations and physiological characteristics of the triploid and diploid oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in Taean area, west coast of Korea, were investigated from May 2012 to April 2013. Mophometric analysis indicated that the triploid oysters have the same shell length to shell height ratio but higher shell depth to shell height ratio than diploids. Consistent with morphological characteristics, triploid oysters showed greater values of fatness, condition index and RNA/DNA ratio during the period of experiment. The DNA concentration in adductor muscle and mantle of triploid were either lower or equal to the nucleic acids of diploid. However, RNA/DNA ratio were significantly higher than diploid. It appears that RNA/DNA ratio could be a useful indicator of health condition of triploid and diploid oysters when taken in correlation with the morphological indices.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2017

Four species of sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta, Dermochelys coriacea, and Eretmochelys imbricata) have been recorded in Korean waters. However, nationwide surveys on the distribution and occurrence of each species have rarelybeen conducted in Korean waters. In this study, we comparatively analyzed the trends in occurrence of sea turtles and their morphological characteristics based on 148 reliable observations and stuffed specimen data and suggested Korean names for each species. Chelonia mydas (57 cases, 58.8%) and C. caretta (52 cases, 31.5%) were dominant species, and occupied > 90% of all observations. Most of observations of sea turtles in Korean waters were obtained through stranding (61 cases) and incidental catches (62 cases). A coastal set net was the main fishing gear for incidental catches (82%). Sea turtles were found mainly around Jeju-do and the Korea Strait from June to November. Most C. caretta found were adults, whereas most C. mydas were juveniles. Additionally, we provide detailed morphological characteristics of C. mydas (n=8) and C. caretta (n=4) using stuffed specimens. Finally, based on a literature search, we suggest appropriate Korean names, such as "Pureunbada-geobuk" for C. mydas, "Bulgeunbadageobuk" for C. caretta, "Jangsu-geobuk" for D. coriacea, and "Maeburibada-geobuk" for E. imbricate.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

To clarify the morphological variations of Galium, its morphological characteristics were examined using maximum parsimony analysis. The key characteristics as well as the range of variation in each characteristic were investigated at the species level and were employed to elucidate the relationships between the taxa. This study confirmed that species belonging to genus Galium formed a monophyletic group and comprised two main clades. Sect. Cymogaliae and sect. Leptogalium are polyphyly groups, and other sections are monophyletic group. This study also suggests that the fruit hairs, the types of petal apexes, and the colors of the petals are the most valuable taxonomic characteristics for differentiating different sections. The numbers of the leaves and leaf shape provide useful taxonomic characteristics for the identification of different species.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.314-321
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine a standard quality characteristic through the evaluation and statistical analysis of the morphological characteristics of dried ginseng (white ginseng) products. Samples of 4-year-old 30 and 50 piece grade curved ginseng and 5-year-old 25 and 15 piece grade straight ginseng products were collected from a market, with 5 to 10 packs of each product being collected annually over a 5-year period (2006-2010). Morphological characteristics, such as weight, length, diameter, and surface color, were measured and statistically analyzed to present a standard quality characteristic value using $mean{\pm}3SD$, a range that excluded outlier. The 4-year-old curved ginseng samples of 50 and 30 piece grade were 4.80 to 6.12 cm and 5.28 to 7.60 cm long, 0.22 to 1.70 cm and 0.21 to 2.07 cm wide, and weighed 5.28 to 7.40 g and 8.62 to 12.26 g, respectively. The 5-year-old straight ginseng samples of 25 and 15 piece grade were 9.66 to 15.47 cm and 10.66 to 16.80 cm long, 1.32 to 1.94 cm and 1.48 to 2.43 cm wide, and weighed 9.18 to 16.40 g and 15.89 to 24.82 g, respectively. The surface color of the different piece grades in the same type of dried ginseng product was similar, whereas the straight ginseng demonstrated a lower level of brightness, but the relative redness and yellowness were of higher levels, than that of curved ginseng.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.164-184
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was designed to establish a characteristic discrimination of internal and external morphological standard of original plants and herbal states in Pogostemonis and Agastachis Herba. Methods : In this studies, the external-internal morphological standards were determined by using stereoscope and butanol series. Results : 1. The external characteristics: Pogostemon cablin has hairs and brown-like in stem, elliptical fruit. On the other hand, Agastache rugosa has no hairs and red-like in stem, obovatic trigone fruit. 2. The physical characteristics: Pogostemon cablin is gray in whole, has hairs in stem and numerous hairs of ash in leaf. On the other hand, Agastache rugosa is yellow-green in whole, has no hairs in stem. Specially the latter has deep-green colour and numerous hairs presenting mostly at lower epidermis in leaf. 3. The physical characteristics in currents: Pogostemon cablin is brown, has hairs and round-like stem. On the other hand, Agastache rugosa is green or yellow-green, has no hairs and tetragon in stem. 4. The internal characteristics: Pogostemon cablin has progressed spongy tissue in epidermal cell of leaf and many rank of epidermal cell in stem. On other hand, Agastache rugosa has I rank palisade tissue in leaf and few rank of epidermal cell in stem. In the external shape, it was possible that herbs were distinguished according to artificial cIassification and that same genus-degree of relatedness among herbs could be distinguished by more precise and active observation. In the shape of real herbs, I compared current herbs in market with original herbs which were just collected or were on the course of drying. In addition, it was possible that the internal shape could be identified by using microscope after butanol series. Conclusion : Though it was impossible to make distinction of herbs which are not current in my search contents, this search contents will be a standard for applying herbs in the future. An Additional standard establishment including physiochemical reaction and gene research is required in order to supplement the fault of this search.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 1995

12 populatiDns of Ch indicum L. and it's variation antogenous in Tforea were selected throughout the country and their morphological characteristics were studied in this paper. The results are as follows. 1) The mean of the plant height is 97.3cm. Ch. indicunl is 76.5cm and Ch. boreale is 116. 6cm in height. The number of nodes is 58 on the average. The color of the stem is generally black-red in the case of Ch. indicum and is green for Ch. boreale. 2) The leaves of Ch. inficum are smaller In size and thicker than chose of Ch. boreale, and it has a stipule. This fact enables us to distinguish one species from the other, however, the Gyukpo-population of Ch. indicum has a large leaf, and Byunsan-population of Ch. boreale has a stipule so that the above fact is not an exact criterion on which to base one classification. 3) The size of the capitulum is 24.9mm for Ch. indicum and 15.6mm in the case of Ch. boreaje so that the difference between species is admitted. It was confirmed hat the size of the capitulum has positive correlation to that of the pedicel and has egative correlation to the number of flowers, so that of inflorescence, Ch. indicumhas corymb, and Ch. boreale has crowed corymb or umbel-type.The number of ligulates is 19 on the average, which no the difference being founnd between species and populations.4) The cluster analysis of morphological characteristics showed that Ch. indicum wasdivided into two groups, which was shown thought to be due to the difference of speciesbetween Ch. indicum and Ch. boreale. However, it could not be shown that their morphological characteristics explain a geographical relationship between populations

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

Objective : Arnebiae Radix, the roots of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. or A. guttata Bunge, is a well-known traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. In the Korean Pharmacopoeia, three authentic species, including two Arnebia and Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. have recognized as a Lithospermi Radix. But, the morphological and taxonomic information of two authentic Arnebia species lacks date since their distribution and difficulty of accessing the natural habitats. Methods : A full description of the external morphological characteristics of vegetative and reproductive organs in the original plants was carried out using digital calipers and stereoscope. For providing their taxonomic and nomenclatural synonyms, we reviewed various plant checklists and taxonomic literature. Results : This study provides taxonomic information of A. euchroma and A. guttata based on a morphological examination of authentic plant individuals and field observations. Detailed descriptions of the two Arnebia species, major quantitative and qualitative characteristics, nomenclatural reviews, distribution maps, and lists of voucher specimens examined are provided. The shape of leaves, root length, stem number, calyx length and pubescence as well as corolla color were useful characteristics for identification. Moreover, we confirmed that A. euchroma and A. guttata are clearly heterostylous species. Conclusion : Our research provides valuable basic information that could be used as quality control for distinguishing between Arnebiae Radix and its adulterants. These results will help in the understanding of authentic plants and also provide the verified materials and voucher information.