• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

Introduction: The utility of the C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide test (CTX) as a method for staging Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) and its healing process was examined. Materials and Methods: A total 19 patients who were diagnosed with BRONJ underwent a fasted morning CTX test, were enrolled in this study. The serum CTX values ranged from 50 to 630 pg/mL (mean 60). The risk assessment was rated according to the CTX values of the individual patient (minimal risk, ${\geq}$ 150 pg/mL, moderate, 100 to 150 pg/mL, high, ${\leq}$100 pg/mL). The BRONJ scores were then calculated according to the number of BRONJ lesions and their stage. The operation was done as soon as possible, regardless of BORNJ stage. Results: The mean duration of bisphosphonate therapy was 4.1 years. Of the 19 patients, 15, 2 ans 2 received alendronate, risedronate and zoledronate, respecively. Of the 19 patients who underwent a sequestrectomy, saucerization and smoothing, 15 healed after the initial surgery, 1 patient healed after one more surgical procedure, 3 patients did not heal completely but showed improvement in symptoms. Therefore, 17 out of the 19 patients healed completely with complete mucosal coverage and the elimination of pain. The risk assessment using the CTX value and disease severity were not correlated (r=-0.264, P=0.275). In addition, the risk assessment using CTX value and healing after surgery were not correlated (r=-0.147, P=0.547). Conclusion: The serum CTX should be considered carefully by clinicians as part of overall management. Early surgical intervention is of benefit in the treatment of stage II BRONJ.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.144-152
• /
• 2009

Background : Ephedra (Ephedra sinica) has been widely used to treat respiratory disease in traditional medicine of East Asia for over a hundred years. Despite safety concerns raised by some, the use of ephedra in traditional medicine is documented over more than 1,800 years. It is well established that ephedra is one of the central medicines in Korean 'Seseng constitution' medicine. In Sasang constitution medicine, all humans can be divided into one of four types: Soeumin, Soyangin, Taeumin or Taeyangin, and each constitution type has their own typical characteristics. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that the adverse effects of ephedra differ depending on the Sasang constitution classification. Objectives : The aim of this study was to determine adverse effects of ephedra which is classified as a Taeumin herb, and to observe whether the response differs or not. according to Sasang constitution classification. Methods : The study design was a double-blind randomized controlled trial. The subjects were healthy adults 20 - 50 years old who agreed to participate in this study. They were allocated through randomization to either ephedra group (N=55) or placebo group (N=24). where ephedra extract (6 g of dried ephedra) and placebo with similar opaque capsules were given twice for one day. To compare the adverse events of ephedra according to Sasang constitution classification, we analyzed blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), pulse rate, the morning questionnaire, and patient's global assessment scale score for well known adverse events: palpitation, headache, sweating, tiredness, dyspepsia, and dry mouth. Results : After ingestion of ephedra, the pulse rate had a significant increase in all constitution types. The changes of diastolic pressure in Soeumin and the changes of pulse rate in Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeumin had a significant increase in the ephedra over the control group. In the ephedra group, the palpitation and dyspepsia score of the patients' global assessment scale had a significant increase in Soeumin, with palpitation and sweating score increasing in Soyangin. Others observations were insignificant results. Conclusion : The results of this study may confirm that the physical responses or adverse effects of herbs differ for each type of Sasang constitution. Future studies using other herbs will be required to ascertain the herbal drug reaction of Sasang constitutions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권11호
• /
• pp.1705-1714
• /
• 2019

Objective: Reducing roughage feeding without negatively affecting rumen health is of interest in ruminant nutrition. We investigated the effects of roughage sources and concentrate types on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolite levels in growing cattle. Methods: In this 24-week trial, 24 Hanwoo cattle ($224{\pm}24.7kg$) were fed similar nitrous and energy levels of total mixed ration formulated using two kinds of roughage (timothy hay and ryegrass straw) and two types of concentrate mixes (high starch [HS] and high fiber [HF]). The treatments were arranged in a $2{\times}2$ factorial, consisting of 32% timothy-68% HS, 24% timothy-76% HF, 24% ryegrass-76% HS, and 17% ryegrass-83% HF. Daily feed intakes were measured. Every four weeks, blood were sampled, and body weight was measured before morning feeding. Every eight weeks, rumen fluid was collected using a stomach tube over five consecutive days. Results: The mean dry matter intake (7.33 kg) and average daily gain (1,033 g) did not differ among treatments. However, significant interactions between roughage source and concentrate type were observed for the rumen and blood parameters (p<0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration was highest (p<0.05) in timothy-HF-fed calves. With ryegrass as the roughage source, decreasing the roughage inclusion rate increased the molar proportion of propionate and decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio; the opposite was observed with timothy as the roughage source. Similarly, the effects of concentrate types on plasma total protein, alanine transaminase, Ca, inorganic P, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine concentrations differed with roughage source (p<0.05). Conclusion: Decreasing the dietary roughage inclusion rate by replacing forage neutral detergent fiber with that from non-roughage fiber source might be a feasible feeding practice in growing cattle. A combination of low-quality roughage with a high fiber concentrate might be economically beneficial.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2019

Purpose: No previous study has assessed elderly pedestrian traffic accidents based on a nationwide database. This study aimed to help primary physicians who examine patients in emergency departments to determine and make prompt and accurate treatment decisions. Methods: This study used data from the Emergency Department-based Injury Indepth Surveillance from 2013 to 2017, managed by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pedestrians aged ${\geq}65years$ were included, and using multivariate logistic regression multiple factors were analyzed to determine their relationship with injury severity. Results: Of 227,695 subjects, 6,498 were included, of whom 2,065 (31.8%) were severely injured. There were more female than male patients in all severity groups. Most accidents occurred in the afternoon and on general roads. In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of injury severity for male pedestrians was 1.165 (95% confidence interval: 1.034-1.313, p=0.012). Older age of patients and the use of ambulances were associated with greater injury severity. The accident time affected the degree of injury severity; i.e., compared to dawn, injury severity increased in the morning (OR: 1.246, p=0.047) and decreased at night (OR: 0.678, p<0.001). A significant difference was noted in the correlation between the type of vehicle causing the accident and the accident severity; i.e., motorcycle accidents had lower severity than bicycle accidents (OR: 0.582, p=0.047). Conclusions: Injury severity was correlated with sex, age, transportation to the ED, TA onset time, and type of vehicle. The study results suggest that injury severity may be positively reflected in initial assessments and overall integrated treatments by physicians and in the related policies.

• 지역연구
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.107-130
• /
• 2024

도시의 지표면 기온 변화는 도시민의 열 쾌적성, 에너지 소비, 나아가 건강에 영향을 미치는 주요한 환경요인이다. 많은 연구가 도시 지표면 기온과 도시 건조환경(built-environment) 형태 간의 관계를 탐색해 왔으나 대부분 극궤도위성 자료를 사용해 정오 시간대 기온만을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 다양한 시간대 지표면 기온을 관측하는 ECOSTRESS 위성 자료를 활용하여 서울시 여름철 지표면 기온의 주간 변동을 탐색하였으며 기온 변동이 건조환경 유형별로 차별적으로 나타나는지 분석하였다. ECOSTRESS는 2018년 발사된 NASA 위성으로 점진 변화 궤도를 운항하며 다양한 시간대 지표면 온도를 70m 고해상도로 관찰한다. 본 연구는 2019~2022년 이른 오전(6:25AM)과 늦은 오후(5:26PM)에 걸친 자료를 수집하여 서울시 지표면 온도의 시계열 자료를 구축하였다. 환경 특성을 반영하는 녹지, 수면, 건축 형태(건폐율, 용적률, 높이) 데이터를 기반으로 계층적 군집분석을 실시해 8가지 건조환경 유형을 도출하였으며, 유형별 온도변동 특성을 비교하였다. 각 유형은 저층고밀거주지(low-rise compact), 저밀아파트단지(low-BCR Apt.), 강변 중고층 주거단지(Riverside Mid-rise Apt.), 중고층 용도혼합지역(mid-to-high-rise mixed use), 고층고밀지역(high-rise compact), 초고층빌딩(skyscrapers), 산림, 수면(하천)을 나타내었다. 분석 결과, 지표 기온의 공간적 격차는 새벽 이후 증가하여 정오(12:04)에 극대화된 뒤 다시 감소하였으며, 기온 변화가 급격한 지역과 안정적인 지역이 구분되었다. 저층 고밀 거주지와 고층 고밀지역의 경우 기온이 빠르고 높게 증가하여 기온변동성이 높았고, 저밀 아파트단지는 기온이 온화하고 완만하게 증가하며 기온 변동성이 낮았다. 건조환경 유형 간 평균기온의 서열은 시간별로 변화하지 않고 유지되었다. 이러한 결과는 폭염과 일교차 증가에 적응할 수 있는 도시형태에 시사점을 제공한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.267-278
• /
• 2011

Objectives: A great number of hazardous agents can be emitted from various types of art-creation in a fine arts college, but little data on exposure assessment has been published. A variety of processes encompassing toxic or non-toxic materials, tools, and components are involved in a sculptor work at a fine art college. The aim of this study was to assess exposure levels to particulates and noise during sculpture classes in a college of fine arts. Methods: Students in sculpture classes participated in this study. Mass, number, and surface area concentrations of particulates, noise level, temperature and relative humidity were monitored by both personal and area sampling during the tasks of metal, wood, and stone sculpting. Results: The number and surface concentration of particulates was the highest in the task of wood sculpting, followed by metal and stone work. The mass concentration of particulates was the highest in stone sculpting (personal GM 3.0 mg/$m^3$, GSD 3.0), followed by wood (personal GM 1.5 mg/$m^3$, GSD 1.8) and metal work (personal GM 0.95 mg/$m^3$, GSD 1.51) in that order. Occupational exposure limits (OEL) for particulates depends on the type of particulate. For wood dust, 86% (six subjects) of the personal samples and all area samples exceeded the Korean OEL for wood dust (1 mg/$m^3$), while 20% (two subjects) among stone sculpting students were exposed above the Korean OEL (10 mg/$m^3$). In contrast, metal sculpting did not exceed the OEL (5 mg/$m^3$). For noise level, metal sculpting students (Leq 95.1 dB(A) in the morning, 85.3 dB(A) in the afternoon) were exposed the most, followed by stone sculpting (88.3 dB(A)), and wood sculpting (84.8 dB(A)) in that order. Compared with the 90 dB(A) of the Korean OEL and 85 dB(A) of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' threshold limit value (ACGIH-TLV) for noise, 100% of the subjects (five subjects) and area samples during metal sculpting in the morning session exceeded both OELs, but only three subjects (60%) exceeded the ACGIH-TLV in the afternoon session. For stone sculpting, 50% (one subject) and 100% (two subjects) exceeded the Korean OEL and ACGIH-TLV, respectively, but the area sample did not exceed either OEL. During wood sculpting, two subjects (40%) exceeded ACGIH TLV. Conclusions: This work evaluated the sculptors' exposure to particulate matter and noise in fine art college, and revealed a poor working environment for the participating students. Effective measures should be supplemented by the administration of colleges.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
• /
• 제33권12호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the thermal environment status of nursery rooms in workplace daycare centers in Jeju and propose measures to improve their indoor physical thermal environment. For this purpose, measurements were performed in the winter indoor physical environment of 51 nursery rooms in 11 workplace daycare centers and a psychological evaluation survey on the thermal environment of nursery rooms was conducted for 70 nursery teachers. The investigation was carried out over 11 days in January 2017. The results are as follow. The average indoor temperature of the nursery rooms was $21.3^{\circ}C$($18.7-23.8^{\circ}C$) and the indoor temperatures of 47 nursery rooms (92.9%) were higher than the environmental hygiene management standard for domestic school facilities ($18-20^{\circ}C$). The average relative humidity was 33.9% (16.4-56.0%), and 37 nursery rooms (86.3%) showed a lower average relative humidity than the standard (40-70%). The average absolute humidity was $9.1g/m^3$ ($4.7-13.6g/m^3$), which was lower than the standard for preventing influenza ($10g/m^3$). When the indoor temperature and humidity of the nursery rooms were compared with international standards, it was found that 85% or more of the 51 nursery rooms maintained appropriate indoor temperatures, but 40-50% of the nursery rooms maintained a low humidity condition. Therefore, they need to pay attention to maintaining the appropriate humidity of the nursery room to keep the children healthy. The average indoor temperature of the nursery rooms showed a weak negative correlation with the average relative humidity. The indoor temperature had a significant effect on the relative humidity: a higher indoor temperature resulted in lower relative humidity. Regarding the fluctuations in the average indoor temperature of the nursery rooms during the day, in daycare centers that used floor heating, the indoor temperature gradually increased form the morning to the afternoon and tended to decrease during lunch time and the morning and afternoon snack times, due to ventilation. The daycare centers that used both floor heating and ceiling-type air conditioners showed a higher indoor temperature and greater fluctuations in temperature compared to the daycare centers that used floor heating only. In the survey results, the average value of the whole body thermal sensation was 3.0 (neutral): 32 respondents (62.7%) answered, "Neutral", Which was the largest number, followed by 21 respondents (30%) who answered, "Slightly hot" and 17 respondents (24.2%) who answered, "Slightly cold." Twenty-nine respondents answered, "Slightly dry," which was the largest number, followed by 28 respondents (54.9%) who answered, "Neutral" and 10 respondents (19.6%) who answered, "Dry." The total number of respondents who answered, "Slightly dry" or "Dry" was large at 39 (56.4%), which suggests the need for indoor environment management to prevent a low-humidity environment. To summarize the above results about the thermal environment of nursery rooms, as the indoor temperature increased, the relative humidity decreased. This suggests the effect of room temperature on the indoor relative humidity; however, frequent ventilations also greatly decrease the relative humidity. Therefore, the ventilation method and the usage of air conditioning systems need to be re-examined.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.81-91
• /
• 1974

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of obstetric knowledge of pregnant women and postpartum mothers, and to contribute the data to community health teaching program as well as maternity nursing. 385 pregnant women and postpartum mothers visited at or admitted to Seoul Adventist Hospital were sampled. The results of the study were as follows. 1. 97.9% of the subjects were between the age of 21 to 35, most of them (82.9%) were housewives with high school education and with a middle class family background. 2. The first symptoms of pregnancy were amenorrhea (70.4%), nausea & vomiting (23.9%), change of skin color (1.6%). 3. 77.9% of the subjects did not know how to deal with morning sickness. 4. 52.9% did not know when the sex determination of the fetus-occurs. 5. Concerning the fetus position; 77.1% of them believed it lies head down. head up (12.0%). and not knowing (10.9%). 6. 73.2% recognized the need for a well balanced food during pregnancy. 7. As to the dangerous symptoms during pregnancy: vaginal bleeding was considered the 1st, edema, the and, continuous abdominal pain, the 3rd. 82% of them would confer with physician in case of vaginal bleeding. As to the type of activities restricted by pregnancy: hard exercise was considered first, travel the second, and coitus during 1st and last trimester of pregnancy the 3rd. 8. 82.4% of them visited antenatal clinic at the second or third month of amenorrhea and 88.5% realized the regular physical examination imperative. 9. The purpose of urine test was recognized correctly by 44.7%, blood test: 89.4%, B. P. and weight check ; 69.9%. 10. The need of breast care during pregnancy was recognized by 76.9% of the subject. 11. 75.8% realized that prenatal exercise was needed. The higher the education the better the understanding of the need for it before delivery. 12. The concept of postpartum period was understood correctly by 54.4%. 13. The state of uterus after delivery was understood correctly by 49.1% only. 14, Regarding the management of colostrums: 48.3% knew it was to feed infants, and it was to squeeze and discard 43.4%. 15. Dealing with postpartum exercise; 67.8% answered it was needed, 9.1% not needed, not heard about 23, 1%.

• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.115-119
• /
• 2000

목 적 : 십년 이상 각성장애를 보인 20세 남자환자를 분석하였다. 환자는 두통, 만성피로, 경한 주간졸리움증을 호소하였으나 조절할 수 없는 수면발작, 탈력발작, 입면시 환각이나 수면마비의 병력은 없었다. 방 법 : 야간 수면다원검사 (PSG), 반복적 수면잠복기 검사 (MSLT) 및 조직적합성 유전자검사 (HLA-typing)를 시행 하였다. 결 과 : PSG상 수면잠복기가 짧고 (4분), 렘수면잠복기도 감소하였고 (2.5분), 각성지표 (arousal index)가 시간당 15.7로 약간 증가되었으며, 수면 중 주기적 사지운동지표 (PLMS index)가 시간당 8.1로 관찰되었으나 운동과 연관된 각성지표 (movement arousal index)는 시간당 2.1로 높지 않았다. 잠효율은 (sleep efficiency)는 97.5%로 정상이었다. MSLT상 수면잠복기는 15분 21초로 정상이었으나 sleep-onset REM (SOREM)은 5회의 낮잠 시도 중 4회에서 관찰되었다. HLA-typing에서 DQ6-양성이었는데, 이는 기면증 환자에서 대개 관찰되는 유전자 위치인 DQB1*0602, DQA1*0102와는 다른 DQB1*0601 부위에 상응하였다. 결 론 : 일차성 각성장애의 원인이 되는 여러 질환 특히 일주기리듬장애나 기면증, 원발성 다면증과의 감별진단이 필요하며, 수면검사와 유전자검사 상 기면증의 새로운 변종일 가능성을 배제할 수 없다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제18권8호
• /
• pp.658-670
• /
• 2018

본 논문은 부산시민공원을 연구대상으로 하여, 공원내 벤치 및 파고라를 포함한 휴게시설의 종류 및 유형을 파악하고, 공원 방문객의 벤치 및 파고라의 이용 행태에 대해 분석하였다. 또한, 벤치 및 파고라의 이용에서 나타나는 문화적 특성과 선호도에 대해 분석함으로서, 휴게시설 디자인을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 문헌고찰을 통해 벤치 및 파고라의 종류 및 유형, 평가요소 등을 살펴본 후, 현장조사를 통해 공원전체의 벤치와 파고라, 캐노피 등의 휴게시설물의 유형, 위치, 개수를 파악하였다. 또한, 벤치이용자의 행태를 월별과 오전, 오후로 행태분석맵을 작성하여, 분석하였으며, 설문조사를 통해, 공원 벤치 및 파고라에 대한 선호도 및 만족도를 파악하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 10가지 벤치 유형 중에서 시민들의 선호도 점수 비율이 가장 높은 벤치 유형은 돗자리와 햇볕 차단 캐노피+돗자리인 것으로 나타났다. 돗자리와 관련하여, 가장 높은 점수를 얻은 요소는 환경성이었으며, 그 다음으로는 기능성과 지역성으로 나타났다. 또한 햇빛을 가리는 파고라나 캐노피가 있는 공간에서 돗자리를 펴고 식사 등 다양한 활동을 하는 한국적 이용 행태가 매우 일반적인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 도심공원에 무작위적으로 벤치나 파고라 등을 배치하는 것이 아니라, 문화적 특성에 따른 행태 및 선호를 고려하여 벤치 및 파고라 배치 및 디자인이 이루어져야 함을 보여 준다.