• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.73-80
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• 2012

The objectives of this research were to study the applicability and limitations of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for the removal of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) from the groundwater. PRB column tests were conducted using reactive material with Moringa Oleifera Mass - Bentonite (Mom-Bentonite). Most of the PCE in the groundwater was degraded and/or captured (sorpted) in the zone containing activated material (MOM-Bentonite). The removal rate of PCE from the groundwater was 90% and 75% after 30 days and 180 days, respectively. The effect of micro-organisms on the long-term permeability and reactivity of the barrier is not well understood. MOM-Bentonite PRB system in this research has the potential to be developed into an environmentally and economically acceptable technology for the in situ remediation of PCE-contaminated groundwater.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.409-416
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• 2022

This study aims to know the effect of water-extracted horseradish Moringa oleifera leaf and KW21 fertilizer combination application on the density of Nannochloropsis sp. It was conducted in the Natural Food Laboratory of State Polytechnique, Tual. The experiment used complete randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications: A (25% horseradish leaf extract + 75% KW21), B (50% horseradish leaf extract + 50% KW21), C (75% horseradish leaf extract + 25% KW21), D (positive control of 100% KW21), and E (negative control of 100% horseradish leaf extract). Results showed that Treatment C yielded the best result, both the highest density of Nannochloropsis sp. and suitable harvest time.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.540-554
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• 2023

Heat stress is a major challenge to animal production in tropical and subtropical climates. Rabbits suffer from heat stress more than farm animals because they have few sweat glands, and their bodies are covered with thick fur. Intensive farming relies on antibiotics as antimicrobials or growth promoters to increase animals' productivity and health. However, the European Union and many countries have banned or restricted the use of antibiotics in animal feed for human health concerns. Several studies have found that replacing antibiotics in rabbit feed with natural plants or feed additives increases productivity and improves immune capacity, especially under heat stress conditions. Growth performance, immune response, gut microflora, and carcass yield may be increased in rabbits fed a diet supplemented with some natural plants and/or propolis. In this review article, we discuss and summarize the effects of some herbs and plant extracts as alternative feed additives on rabbit productivity, especially for those raised under hot ambient temperatures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2017

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic benefits of Aronia melanocarpa (AM) and Moringa oleifera seed extract (MO) on experimental atopic dermatitis. We examined the effects of AM or MO and their combination on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis in BALB/c mice as well as tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}-stimulated$ HaCaT keratinocytes. Mice were orally treated with extract during repeated application of DNCB to shaved dorsal skin. Our results show that treatment with AM and MO in combination reduced histological manifestations such as epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, it significantly decreased skin thickness and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level compared to the AM or MO alone treated group. Combined extract of AM and MO suppressed expression of $TNF-{\alpha}/IFN-{\gamma}-induced$ T helper 2 (Th2) chemokines such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived chemokine. To sum up, combination of AM and MO suppressed the inflammatory response and serum IgE as an indicator of several allergic diseases in DNCB-induced experimental atopic dermatitis and Th2 chemokine expression in HaCaT cells. This result suggests that combination of AM and MO could be a valuable strategy to improve atopic dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.373-390
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• 2015

This study investigated the effect of coated feed using mixed oil on rumen fermentation characteristics. Two experiments were conducted based on materials that were mixed. First, cashew nut and soybean oils were mixed with white mineral oil. And second, different plant extracts were mixed with white mineral oil. At first experiment, inclusion levels of mixed oil on diet (0.03%, 0.1%, 0.5%) were applied as variables. A coated diet was fermented with rumen inoculum according to in vitro rumen fermentation and its parameters were investigated. In the result of first experiment, no negative effects on rumen pH were found. Significantly decreased dry matter digestibility was detected at 0.5% treatment (P<0.05). Total gas productions in control and 0.03% were significantly greater than those of others (P<0.05). Significantly reduced methane productions were found in all treatments compared to the control (P<0.05). Inclusion of mixed oil did not affect on ammonia production. Total volatile fatty acid production was also not influenced by coating with mixed oils. Rumen fermentation parameters were greatly changed according to introduced plant extracts at second experiment. The significantly lowest and greatest ammonia productions were found at treatments with Ixeris dentata and Plantago asiatica, respectively (P<0.05). The significantly greatest acetate and propionate productions were detected at treatments with Crucuma longa and Zizyphus vulgaris 1, respectively (P<0.05). All treatments, except Chrysanthemum idicum, Euyale ferox seed, Moringa leaf and fruit and Zizyphus vulgaris 1, showed significantly increased total volatile fatty acid production compared to the control (P<0.05). Only Paeonia lactiflora showed significantly lesser gas production than the control (P<0.05). In methane production, Ceramium, Zizyphus, Paeonia, Agrimonia, Torilis, Mugwort, Foeniculum, Euphorbia, Taraxacum, Artemisia, Momordica, Curcuma and Moringa reduced methane significantly compared to the control (P<0.05).

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2012

The removal of Cd(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by an agricultural solid waste biomass prepared from Moringa oleifera bark (MOB) was investigated. The biosorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the effect of initial pH, contact time, biosorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on the biosorption of Cd(II) and Cu(II) were studied using the batch sorption technique. Kinetic studies indicated that the biosorption process of the metal ions followed the pseudo-second order model. The biosorption data was analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models. Based on the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum biosorption capacities for Cd(II) and Cu(II) onto MOB were 39.41 and 36.59 mg/g at 323 K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters, Gibbs free energy (${\Delta}G^o$), enthalpy (${\Delta}H^o$), and entropy (${\Delta}S^o$) changes, were also calculated, and the values indicated that the biosorption process was endothermic, spontaneous and feasible in the temperature range of 303-323 K. It was concluded that MOB powder can be used as an effective, low cost, and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.467-480
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• 1999

Many antinutritional and toxic factors abound in tropical seeds, which are also generally rich in nutrients and therefore more prone to attack from herbivores. Antinutritional and toxic factors are considered to defend seeds against environmental vagaries and thus help to protect them. These factors though good for the plant, cause deleterious effects or are even toxic to animals and man. The conventional seeds cultivated for oil or non-oil purposes, and general aspects of antinutritional factors are not presented here as these have already been discussed widely by many workers. Deficits in conventional protein and energy sources in the tropics have stimulated a quest for alternative feeds both for animals and humans. This article attempts to highlight two new oilseed crops, Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera, and in addition deals with some under-utilized seeds with potential as animal feed. Most of these seed plants are adapted to various marginal growing conditions in the tropics and can help to mitigate the prevailing deficit in protein and energy sources. Antinutritional and toxic factors in seed or seed meal, various approaches to detoxify seed meal, and future research and development priorities for their exploitation as animal feeds are presented.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.524-529
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• 2014

Two methods of feed preference trials were compared to evaluate the acceptability of 5 fresh foliages: Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera, Portulaca oleracea, Guazuma ulmifolia, and Brosimum alicastrum that was included as control. The evaluation included chemical analyses and forage intake by rabbits. The first method was a cafeteria trial; 12 California growing rabbits aged 8 wk, allocated in individual cages, were offered the five forage plants at the same time inside the cage, while in the second trial 60 California growing rabbits aged 8 wk, allocated individually, were randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups (n = 12/group); for each group just one forage species was offered at a time. The testing period for each method lasted for 7 d, preceded by one week of adaptation. The results showed that B. alicastrum and L. lecocephala were the most preferred forages while on the contrary G. ulmifolia was the least preferred one by rabbits. The results also revealed that the CV% value for the 2nd method (16.32%), which the tested forages were presented separately to rabbits, was lower and methodologically more acceptable than such value for the $1^{st}$ method (34.28%), which all forages were presented together at the same time. It can be concluded that a range of tropical forages were consumed in acceptable quantities by rabbits, suggesting that diets based on such forages with a concentrate supplement could be used successfully for rabbit production. However, growth performance studies are still needed before recommendations could be made on appropriate ration formulations for commercial use.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2012

An in vitro rumen batch culture study was completed to compare effects of common grasses, leguminous shrubs and non-leguminous shrubs used for livestock grazing in Australia and Ghana on $CH_4$ production and fermentation characteristics. Grass species included Andropodon gayanus, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Pennisetum purpureum. Leguminous shrub species included Cajanus cajan, Cratylia argentea, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and Stylosanthes guianensis and non-leguminous shrub species included Annona senegalensis, Moringa oleifera, Securinega virosa and Vitellaria paradoxa. Leaves were harvested, dried at $55^{\circ}C$ and ground through a 1 mm screen. Serum bottles containing 500 mg of forage, modified McDougall's buffer and rumen fluid were incubated under anaerobic conditions at $39^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Samples of each forage type were removed after 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation for determination of cumulative gas production. Methane production, ammonia concentration and proportions of VFA were measured at 24 h. Concentration of aNDF (g/kg DM) ranged from 671 to 713 (grasses), 377 to 590 (leguminous shrubs) and 288 to 517 (non-leguminous shrubs). After 24 h of in vitro incubation, cumulative gas, $CH_4$ production, ammonia concentration, proportion of propionate in VFA and IVDMD differed (p<0.05) within each forage type. B. ruziziensis and G. sepium produced the highest cumulative gas, IVDMD, total VFA, proportion of propionate in VFA and the lowest A:P ratios within their forage types. Consequently, these two species produced moderate $CH_4$ emissions without compromising digestion. Grazing of these two species may be a strategy to reduce $CH_4$ emissions however further assessment in in vivo trials and at different stages of maturity is recommended.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2010

Ten numbers of plants, based on their medicinal value, were used to test their efficacy against virosis (caused by cytoplassmic polyhedrosis virus) in tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury. in indoor rearing conditions. The aqueous extracts of leaf of Azadirichita indica (neem), Acharanthus aspera, Psoralea corylifolia, Asparagus racemosus, Adhatoda zelanica (Basak), Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh), Moringa oilephera (sahjan), whole plant of Phyllanthus urinaria (Bhuiamla), Centella asiatica (Veng sag) and Curcuma longa (Haldi powder) in different concentrations were used for containment of virosis in silkworm larvae. The tasar silkworm larvae were orally inoculated with PIBs ($1\times10^6$) of AmCPV in $2^{nd}$ instar and treated with plant extracts in each instar ($2^{rd}$ instar onwards). The mortality due to virosis was recorded during larval period. The plant extracts, irrespective of their concentrations, were found effective in suppressing the virosis where P. urinaria reduced the virosis to 56.90% followed by A. paniculata (53.82%) and least in C. asiatica (5.15%). The lowest pooled larva mortality 36.99% was recorded in the treatment of P. urinaria. Comparatively higher larva mortality 39.91% was observed with the treatment of A. paniculata. The highest larva mortality in treatment was with C. asiatica (81.99%). In treated control larva mortality was 86.50%.