• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.177-192
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• 2011

The arguments exist that private health insurance(PHI) policy holders tend to use the health care services more than non-policy holders due to their little out-of-pocket spending, resulting in the adverse effects on the finances of National Health Insurance. This study aims to increase the objective understanding of the issue and to draw a direction of further research, by reviewing the articles, reports and statistics which examined the effects of purchasing PHI policies on health care utilization. Significant differences in healthcare utilization, except for the very partial increase of utilization in outpatient settings, have been not found. The similar trends of the results have existed in a few previous studies which tried to control the endogeneity of medical use and health insurance with latent variables which affect the decision on medical use and health insurance. However, we can not exclude the potential change of healthcare utilization patterns because the portion of the insured of indemnity PHI is becoming rapidly larger in the market. For further research, we should try to obtain the objective information of subjects' past medical history, health status, health related behavior, and income affecting purchase of PHI and utilization of healthcare services. And the efforts of controlling the endogeneity of medical use and health insurance with latent variables which affect the decision on medical use and health insurance, are very considerable.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제12권20호
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• pp.123-138
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• 1989

The primary objective of the agency research in the game theory lives in the maintenance of Pareto is optimal condition for the optimal incentive contract. The basic concepts which are related to this objective are reviewed in connection with the general assumptions to model it, the moral hazard and adverse selection which arised from the information asymmetry, and finally the problem of risk distribution. The demand for auditing and the role of auditor have been addressed by ASOBAC. Issues which an auditor is explicitly introduced in a principal-agent framework have been addressed in this paper. These issues must be confronted to appropriately with the auditor, and to achieve an adequate understanding of optimal confronting arrangement with the auditor. The first step in introducing an auditor into this analysis is to examine the game-theoretic foundation of such a expended agency model. The Mathematical program formulated may not yield solution that are resonable. This arises because the program may call for the auditor and manager to play dominated Nash equilibra in some subgame. The nontrivial natures of the subgame implies that randomized strategies by the auditor and manager nay be of crucial importance. The possibilities for overcoming the randomized strategy problem were suggested; change the rule of the game and or impose covexity condition. The former seems unjustifiable in on auditing context, and the latter promising but difficult to achieve. The discussion ended with an extension of the revelation principle to the owner manager-auditor game, assuming strategies. An examination of the restriction and improvement direction of the basic concept of agency theory was addressed in the later part of this paper. Many important aspects of auditor incentives are inherently multiple-agent, multiple-period, multiple-objectine, phenomena and require further analyses and researches.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.778-784
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to figure out the differences of the inflow rates of Sewage Treatment Plants (STP), invested by public fund or public-private partnership (PPP). This paper finds that the average ratio of sewage inflow according to facility capacities (medium and small scale STP) was either nearly below 30% or above 100% in the first year. As the size of STP increased, there was decrease in the accuracy of demand assumption. This was because the operation time when the ratio of sewage inflow was uniform was different according to the size of STP, whereby the time was short when the STP were small. The design average ratio of sewage inflow was 10% larger than the real average ratio; this was considered overdesigned. In the case of a plant built by the PPP scheme, the average ratio of inflow of the STP before an abolition of MRG was larger than after the abolition of MRG. This may be explained by moral hazard from too much reliance on MRG. After the abolition of MRG, the demand risk of PPP was shifted from a PPP project to a conventional project.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제80권
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• pp.224-253
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• 2016

교육은 한 사회의 근간을 이루는 중요한 부분이다. 그럼에도 한국 언론은 교육비리나 문제에 대해 제한적이고 소극적인 태도를 보여 왔다. 사학비리가 주로 언론을 통해 공론화되고, 언론보도를 통해 그 대상을 이해하고 해석한다는 점을 감안할 때, 언론이 사학비리를 어떻게 사회적 의제로 상정하는가는 매우 중요한 문제라 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 KBS, MBC, SBS, YTN, JTBC 등 5개 방송사가 사학비리 관련 이슈를 어떻게 틀 짓고 있는지에 주목하였다. 분석결과, 방송사들은 단순관찰자로서 사학비리에 대한 현상 기술에 주목하면서 수동적으로 접근하는 데에 그쳤을 뿐, 근본적인 문제에 대해서는 다루지 않았던 것으로 확인되었다. 정보원은 주로 사립학교의 비리 감사와 조사, 감독을 담당하는 교육부와 검찰, 교육단체 등과 같은 감시감독자가 가장 많이 등장하였다. 뉴스 프레임은 사건 전달 프레임과 개입 및 해결 프레임, 도덕적 해이 프레임, 시위 및 분규 프레임이 주로 사용되었다. 반면, 사학의 존재 근거가 되는 자주성 강조 프레임과 공공성 강조 프레임은 거의 나타나지 않았다. 특히 사학비리와 정치권력의 유착관계가 지속적으로 지적되고 있음에도 이에 대한 보도는 찾아보기 어려웠다. 결과적으로 사학비리가 사회적 의제로 논의될 수 있도록 방송사들의 관점과 태도의 재정립, 그리고 보도방식의 변화가 요구된다고 하겠다.

• 의료법학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.173-214
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• 2013

Traditionally, the Supreme Court has held that medical treatment agreements covered by national health insurance should be distinguished from other medical treatment agreements which are viewed as a consummation of the autonomous free will between doctor and patient. Namely, the Supreme Court views medical treatment agreements covered by national health insurance to be bound by the National Health Insurance Law with the intent to promote the applicability and comprehensiveness of the national health insurance scheme. Yet, issues of voluntary non-reimbursable treatments are triggered not only by the mistakes or moral hazard of medical care institutions but also by systemic limitations of national health insurance coverage criteria. Thus, there is a need for legislative measures that allow certain medical treatments to be included or reflected in the national health insurance coverage system so that patients may receive prompt and flexible medical treatments. To reflect such concerns, the Supreme Court made an exception for voluntary non-reimbursable treatments and developed a strict test to be applied in such cases in Supreme Court Judgment 2010 Doo 27639, 27646 (ruled on June 8, 2012 by the Grand Bench). Such judgment, however, is not a fundamental overturn of the Supreme Court's prior rulings that voluntary non-reimbursable treatments are not allowed under the law. It is only a slight revision of its previous stance for cases in which there is a lack of legislative measures to make coverage of a new yet valid medical treatment possible under the current national health insurance coverage system.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.197-219
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• 2014

Despite of continuous efforts to crack down on piracy using penalties and regulations, this unauthorized piracy market is still enormous. Since the moral hazard about this phenomenon is pervasive and continually upsets the major intellectual property markets, an alternative plan is required. The purpose of this study is to provide an objective insight for factors that affect people's digital video piracy behavior. The following two research propositions were the focus: what psychological factors affect piracy behavior and how are these factors related to one another? In order to accomplish the research aims, we reviewed literatures on the current state of piracy in South Korea, characteristics of digital contents, studies on criminal psychology and behavioral theories. Previous research in the fields of criminal theory indicated that neutralization, a form of rationalization, would help explain digital piracy intentions. Thus, this study developed a model that explains effects of neutralization techniques and tested the possibility of an integrated model with other behavioral theory such as TPB and TIB. Empirical results of the study(368 sample collected) showed that all the factors in TPB including Attitude to Piracy(+), Subjective Norm(-), Perceived Behavioral Control(+) had a significant impact on Piracy Intention. Moreover, two neutralization techniques, Condemn the Condemners(+) and Appeal to Higher Loyalties(+), had a significant effect on Piracy Intention. In addition, Past Behavior had strong impacts on Attitude(+), Perceived Behavioral Control(+) and Piracy Intention(+). In terms of Expected Profit, it had an impact on Attitude to Piracy positively. These findings suggest implications for protecting the current intellectual property markets, with many stakeholders in movies and media industries. There are some limitations as followed: first, the study did not consider other neutralization techniques, low level of deterrence and the other expected results despite the possibility of their effects. Second, the study needs improvements through longitudinal research because the cross-sectional research could not rule out the alternative explanations.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.119-145
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• 2014

Under the premise that information privacy concerns can atrophy e-commerce by causing particular behaviors of Internet users, this study focused on exploring the causes of information privacy concerns, the related information privacy protective responses of Internet users, and measures for alleviating the information privacy concerns. This study is based on the 'principal-agent theory,' and established the following as factors that cause information privacy concerns of Internet users: perceived information non-transparency; perceived action uncertainty. Also, the information privacy concerns caused by the factors were established as the cause of information privacy protective responses of Internet users. Also, the concept of 'signaling' and 'incentive,' which were presented to solve the adverse selection and moral hazard issue in the host-agent theory, was introduced to establish the following as factors that alleviate information privacy concerns: trust; informativeness. Those factors were included in the research model to conduct an empirical analysis. The analysis has revealed that both the perceived information non-transparency (p<0.01) and perceived action uncertainty (p<0.01) as to websites had a significant impact on information privacy concerns. Also, information privacy concerns of Internet users (p<0.01) had a significant impact on their information privacy protective responses who strive to protect their personal information. In addition, when trust and informativeness, which were established as factors that can alleviate information privacy concerns, were empirically analyzed, trust and informativeness had the effect of alleviating information privacy concerns. Based on the findings, the following was confirmed: Boosting the trust of Internet users in websites and offering useful information related to personal data can play a key role in alleviating the information privacy concerns of Internet users.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.743-756
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• 2009

본 연구는 대리인 이론의 관점에서 뉴욕 뉴저지 항만공사의 거버넌스 제도가 어떻게 공기업의 대리인 문제를 극복하고 있는지를 분석하고, 우리 나라의 항만공사 거버넌스 제도 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있는 시사점을 발견하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 뉴욕 뉴저지 항만공사는 인사권의 분산, 회의 공개 정책, 정보 공개 정책, 공청회, 재정적 독립 채산제 등과 같은 거버넌스의 특성을 지니고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 그런 거버넌스적 특성들이 주인의 대리인에 대한 감시 감독 강화, 주인-대리인 사이의 정보 비대칭성 완화, 조직 소유관계의 명확화 등을 통해, 역선택, 도덕적 해이, 복합적 외부 구조 등의 공기업 대리인 문제들을 효과적으로 극복하는 데 도움을 주고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 특성들은 우리 나라 항만공사의 거버넌스 제도를 설계하는 데에 시사하는 바가 많다고 생각된다.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2010

직업능력개발계좌제는 정부의 가장 핵심적인 실업자훈련으로 자리잡고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 선행연구의 이론적인 틀을 활용하여 현행 직업능력개발계좌제가 갖고 있는 문제점을 분석하고 향후 발전방안을 모색하였다. 분석결과 현행 계좌제훈련은 훈련상담과 고용서비스와의 연계 미흡 등으로 인하여 지원대상과 산업계 훈련수요와의 연계 측면에서 심각한 문제가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 훈련기관 및 훈련생에 대한 관리체계가 미흡하고, 훈련의 질을 향상시키기 위한 제도적인 장치도 미비하며, 훈련기관이 훈련의 질을 높이기 위한 투자를 하도록 유도하는 측면에서도 문제가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제점을 해소하기 위해서는 계좌발급 이전에 고용서비스 제공과 훈련상담을 내실화하여 계좌발급 대상을 산업수요 및 훈련 필요성과 연계하여 훈련 필요가 있는 실업자를 대상으로 발급하고, 훈련기관 및 훈련생에 대한 관리 감독체계를 마련하는 한편 훈련의 질을 높이기 위하여 계좌제훈련에 참여하는 민간위탁훈련시장을 양질의 훈련기관을 중심으로 구조조정할 필요가 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2011

본 연구는 건강보험심사청구자료에 대한 공변량분석과 다중회귀분석을 통해 노인 암환자의 건강보험과 의료급여 이용차이를 분석하고, 의료보장유형이 노인 암환자의 의료이용량에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 의료급여 환자의 도덕적 해이가 존재하는지 파악하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구결과, 첫째, 노인 의료급여 암환자가 건강보험 환자에 비해서 장기간 입원으로 총진료비를 많이 사용하고 있었다. 그러나 진료건당 외래진료비와 진료일당 입원진료비는 건강보험 암환자가 많아서 비용이 많이 소요되는 의료서비스를 더 많이 이용하고 있었다. 둘째, 노인 의료급여 암환자일수록 의료기관을 자주 외래방문하고 장기간 입원하여서 총진료비를 많이 사용하고 있었다. 그러나 진료건당 외래진료비와 진료일당 입원진료비는 건강보험 암환자일수록 증가하였다. 노인 의료급여 암환자들의 의료이용량 증가원인이 높은 비급여본인부담을 피해서 본인 부담이 없는 보험급여 의료서비스를 많이 이용 것에 있음을 알 수 있다.