• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.152-163
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• 2021

Liquid butadiene rubber (LqBR) is used as a processing aid and plays a vital role in the manufacture of high-performance tire tread compounds. In this study, center-functionalized LqBR (C-LqBR) was polymerized with different vinyl content via anionic polymerization. The effects of the vinyl content on the properties of the compounds were investigated by partially replacing the treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) oil with C-LqBR in silica-filled rubber compounds. C-LqBR compounds showed a low Payne effect and Mooney viscosity regardless of the vinyl content, because of improved silica dispersion due to the ethoxysilyl group. As the vinyl content of C-LqBR increased, the optimum cure time (t₉₀) increased owing to a decrease in the number of allylic hydrogen. Moreover, the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the compound increased, and snow traction and abrasion resistance performance decreased, whereas wet grip improved. The energy loss characteristics revealed that the hysteresis attributed to the free chain ends of C-LqBR was dominant.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 2019

Herein, three polymer compounds were manufactured using three polymer combination methods, ethylene-vinyl acetate/ethylene-propylene-diene-copolymer (EPDM), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/polyethylene-A (PE-A; density: 0.870), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/polyethylene-B (PE-B; density: 0.885), for making cable sheath for use in the shipping industry. In this study, EVA, EPDM, PE-A, and PE-B were used as matrix polymers, and EVA-grafted maleic anhydride was used as a coupling agent for compounding with various compounds such as a fire retardant, cross-linking agent, filler, and other additives, besides the plasticizer. ${\Delta}T$, Mooney viscosity, and tensile strength increased in order of EPDM < PE-A < PE-B, the probable reason is due to the different crosslinking effect. The three compounds showed similar results for fire resistance and aging resistance after compounding process, but they showed excellent cold resistance owing to the non-polarity of the polymers and sufficient plasticizer content.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.76 no.5
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• pp.653-661
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• 2020

The paper presents a study regarding rubber compressibility behavior. The objective is to analyze the effect of compression degree of rubber on its mechanical properties and propose a new methodology based on reverse engineering to predict compressibility degree based on uniaxial stretching test and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In general, rubbers are considered to be almost incompressible and Poisson's ratio is close to 0.5. Since this property is intimately related to the rubber packing density, little changes in Poisson's ratio can lead to significant changes regarding mechanical behavior. The deviatory hyperelastic constants were obtained through experimental data fitting by least squares method for the most relevant constitutive models implemented in commercial software Abaqus, such as: Neo-Hooke, Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden, Yeoh and Arruda-Boyce, whereas the hydrostatic part was determined through an optimization algorithm implemented in the Abaqus environment by Python scripting. The simulation results presented great influence of the Poisson's ratio in the rubber specimen mechanical behavior mainly for high strain levels. A conventional pure volumetric compression test was also carried out in order to compare the results obtained by the proposed methodology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2022

The Mooney-Rivlin second order optimal strain energy function derived through uniaxial tensile test and analysis was applied to a gasket to confirm the internal stress and surface pressure generated during compression. The Taguchi method, a statistical technique, was used to design the optimum shape of the gasket, and through characteristic evaluation, the optimum shape of the gasket was obtained when the reference plane (T: 0.15 mm), contact surface (W: 1.00 mm), and curvature (R: 0.30 mm) were used. It was determined that the optimum shape yields a von Mises stress of 4.83 MPa, and the contact pressure stress is 20.14 MPa, which satisfies breakage and sealing requirements. In the future, we plan to manufacture a jig that can measure surface pressure to conduct comparative verification studies between the test results and analysis results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.612-619
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• 2010

In this paper, an elastomeric bearing for a helicopter rotor hub is designed using nonlinear finite element method. The elastomeric bearing is the main component of the helicopter rotor hub that acts as a hinge to three motions(flapping, lagging and pitching) of rotor blade. The elastomeric bearing consists of rubber and metal plates. The stiffness design of the elastomeric bearing is important because elastic deformation of rubber is served to hinge. Accordingly, the elastomeric bearing is designed to satisfy the stiffness requirements for rotor hub bearing. In this study, a FE model generation algorithm is developed and stiffness characteristic of a rubber plate is analyzed for an efficient design of the spherical elastomeric bearing. It is proven that the elastomeric bearing satisfies stiffness requirements of the spherical bearing for a helicopter rotor hub.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.584-590
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• 2012

The structural and functional disorder of a detrusor induces a bladder hypertrophy and degenerates a bladder muscle gradually by preventing normal urination. Thus, the thickness of the bladder wall has been increased in proportion to the degree of bladder outlet obstruction. In this study, the mechanical characteristics of the detrusor is analyzed for the physical properties and the thickness changes of the bladder muscle using a mathematically analytic method. In order to obtain the mechanical property of the bladder muscle, the tensile test of porcine bladder tissue is performed because its property is similar to that of human. The result of tensile test is applied to the mathematically model as Mooney Rivlin coefficients which represent the hyperelastic material. The model of the bladder is defined as the spherical shape with the initial volume of 50ml. The principal stress and strain according to the thickness are analyzed. Also, computer simulations for three types of the material property for the model of the bladder are performed based on the fact that the stiffness of the bladder is weakened as the progress of the benign prostatic hyperplasia. As a result, the principal stress is 341kPa at the initial thickness of 2.2mm, and is 249kPa at 6.5mm. As the bladder wall thickness increases, the principal stress decreases. The principal stress and strain decrease as the stiffness of the bladder decreases under the same thinkness.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.170-176
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• 2002

Effects of type and loading level of process aids on the rheological and mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compound were investigated. Five commercial grades of process aids composed of fatty acids and their various derivatives such as metal salts, esters, alcohols and amides were selected. The reduction in Mooney and shear viscosities was higher for metal salt-type process aids but lower for the process aids containing high molecular weight fatty acid alcohols and esters with increasing the loading of process aids. Tensile modulus generally decreased, while heat-build-up increased with increased process aids content. No considerable effect was observed for ulimate properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.933-940
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• 2011

Thin sheets with a corrugated structure are generally used for the fabrication of heat exchangers for electronics, airplanes, and vehicles. However, it is difficult to fabricate corrugated structures, especially those with a bent angle, using the conventional stamping process because of its intrinsic formation mechanism. We propose a novel rubber-forming process for the effective pressing of the both tilted sides of a plate under the same pressure to form exact corrugated shapes. We use finite element analysis and experiments to study the rubber-forming process parameters, and we evaluate the maximum allowable bent angle for high-quality formation. We show that the proposed method is effective for the fabrication of bent plates with low cost.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.467-480
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• 2020

Concrete rectangular liquid storage tanks are widely used, but there are many cases of damage in previous earthquakes. Nonlinear fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is considered, Mooney-Rivlin material is used for rubber bearing, nonlinear contact is used for sliding bearing, numerical calculation models of no-isolation, rubber isolation, sliding isolation and hybrid isolation concrete rectangular liquid storage tanks are established; dynamic responses of different structures are compared to verify the effectiveness of isolation methods; and influences of earthquake amplitude, bidirectional earthquake and far-field long-period earthquake on dynamic responses are investigated. Results show that for liquid sloshing wave height, rubber isolation cause amplification effect, while sliding isolation and hybrid isolation have reduction effect; displacement of rubber isolation structure is much larger than that of sliding isolation with limiting-devices and hybrid isolation structure; when PGA is larger, wall cracking probability of no-isolation structure becomes larger, and probability of liquid sloshing wave height and structure displacement of rubber isolation structure exceeds the limit is also larger; under bidirectional earthquake, occurrence probabilities that liquid sloshing wave height and structure displacement of rubber isolation structure exceed the limit will be increased; besides, far-field long-period earthquake mainly influences structure displacement and liquid sloshing wave height. On the whole, control effect of sliding isolation is the best, followed by hybrid isolation, and rubber isolation is the worst.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.10-16
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• 2007

A rubber seal for wheel bearing which has been mainly applied to car wheel supporting device is required to have both high sealing performance and drag torque. Because of severe operational conditions like infiltration of mud or splashed water, the importance of rubber seal which is aimed for leakage prevention of grease and effective blocking of foreign substances has been increasing continuously. The sealing performance of this seal depends on several factors such as materials of seal, friction conditions of contact regions and geometry of seals and so on. We have focused on the effects of geometric characteristics such as the angle of main lip, interference between lip edge and inner metallic ring. In this study, the optimization of geometric variables was performed using the finite element analysis. For the sake of finite element analysis, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted and several constants for Mooney-Rivlin's equation were obtained. According to the results of this study, mock-up bearing was made. To verify this study, drag torque and mud spray test were preformed.