• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 2017

Objectives We aimed to examine whether mindfulness skills are mediating the improvements of depressive symptoms in patients with mood disorders who practiced Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Methods A total of 19 patients with mood disorder were included in this study. The participants were divided into two subgroups: a normal to mild depression group and a moderate depression group. The participants completed questionnaires to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life, suicidal idea, and mindfulness skills which were measured by the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) before and after MBCT course. Results The moderate depression group showed improvements through MBCT in depressive symptoms and suicidal idea, but not in anxiety and quality of life. The normal to mild depression group showed no significant change through MBCT. The improvement of depressive symptoms in the moderate depression group was predictable by improvements of the five facets of mindfulness, especially by 'observe' and 'non-react' components. Conclusions This study showed that currently depressive patients with moderate severity but not with normal to mild severity benefit from MBCT in reducing depressive symptoms and suicidal idea. The improvement of depressive symptoms was mediated by improved mindfulness skills through MBCT.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1996

We have studied 16 patients diagnosed of social phobia among the hospitalized patients for 1 year, from September 1994 to August 1995, to evaluate whether serial phobic symptoms are the prodromal symptoms of the other psychiatric disorder or concomitant disorder. The results were as follows; 1) In the subject of this study, the mean age of onset of social phobic symptoms was 17.3, and the mean age of inital hospital visit was 27.4. 2) The proportion of offensive type was higher than the simple type : 7 cases of the subjects classified as simple type, 9 cases as offensive type. 3) According to the type of social phobia, they developed different type of psychiatric disorder. Majority of patients with simple type had final diagnosis of mood disorder. Patients with offensive type had schizophrenia spectrum disorder, such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder, and schizophrenia, personality disorder. 4) Social phobic symptoms have taken various courses according to the final diagnosis. In the patients who developed major depression and delusional disorder, social phobic symptoms have not been changed during the course. Patients with the final diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder have showed various social phobic symptoms. In the patients with the final diagnosis of bipolar disorder, their social phobic symptoms disappeared with improvement of depression.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was conducted in order to describe prescribing practices in treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder in a Korean inpatient sample. Methods : We performed a retrospective chart review of 66 youths who had been hospitalized and diagnosed with bipolar disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria. Demographics, clinical characteristics, medications used, doses, and related adverse events were examined. Results : Mood stabilizers and/or atypical antipsychotic medications were the primary treatment. Risperidone, valproate, and lithium were the most commonly used. Thirty seven patients (58.1%) were treated with combination therapy of an atypical antipsychotic and mood stabilizer for improvement of manic/mixed symptoms. Conclusion : Combination pharmacotherapy was necessary for most patients in this admission sample group. Conduct of further studies will be needed for evaluation of treatment response according to the clinical characteristics, and the safety and efficacy of treatment for child and adolescent bipolar disorder.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.329-338
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of aging anxiety and subjective well-being, and identify the effect of aging anxiety on subjective well-being among persons with mental disorder. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. 107 participants who were diagnosed with schizophrenia or mood disorder were recruited in D and C province. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression with SPSS 23.0 program. Mean score of aging anxiety and subjective well-being were $3.95{\pm}0.80$ and $3.53{\pm}0.73$ respectively. Aging anxiety had significant negative correlation with subjective well-being (r= -.48, p <.001). Aging anxiety, subjective health status, and employment status were significant influencing factors on subjective well-being, and these variables total explained for 31.1%. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a systematic and integrative strategy to cope with the aging anxiety for improving subjective well-being of person with mental disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2020

Objectives: Mood disorder is highly comorbid with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and comorbid ADHD symptoms are associated with suicide risk. The aim of this study was to examine the association between comorbid ADHD symptoms and the number of suicide attempts among patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients with either unipolar or bipolar depression constituted the final sample. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between comorbid ADHD symptoms and suicide risk. Results: Among patients with bipolar depression, the number of suicide attempts was significantly correlated with ADHD symptoms (r=0.324, p<0.01). ADHD symptoms significantly predicted the number of suicide attempts (β=0.249, p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of screening and assessing ADHD symptoms in male young adults with depressive disorders.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th edition (DSM-IV) has been widely accepted and used for international classification of mental disorder. The DSM has been changed to improve diagnostic reliability and validity through descriptive and categorical approaches which was undertaken atheoretically. The authors reviewed current studies about the DSM-IV classification system and the diagnostic issues of representative categories of anxiety disorder. The authors concluded that the anxiety disorder classification system in DSM-IV has limitations such as a lack of empirical consideration for overlapping features of anxiety disorders and a lack of discriminant validity. To improve diagnostic validity and revise the current DSM-IV classification system, the authors suggested 1) more longitudinal studies for collecting empirical evidence, 2) decreasing the dependence upon operational criteria, 3) deceasing diagnostic boundary blurring, 4) developing disease specific biological diagnostic techniques and 5) continued collaboration between the DSM and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) systems.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in social communication/interaction and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior. ASD is a relatively common psychiatric disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 1.7% in children. Although many children and adolescents with ASD visit the hospital for medical help for emotional and behavioral problems such as mood instability and self-harming behavior, there are also many visits for sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep resistance. Sleep disturbances are likely to increase fatigue and daytime sleepiness, impaired concentration, negatively impact on daytime functioning, and pose challenges in controlling anger and aggressive behavior. Sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with ASD negatively affects the quality of life, nothing to say the quality of life of their families and school members. In this review, sleep disturbances that are common in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are presented. The developmental and behavioral impacts of sleep disturbances in ASD were also considered. Finally, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments for sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are reviewed.

• Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.276-286
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• 2018

Circadian rhythm is a periodic and continuous change in physiological, behavioral, and mental characteristics that occurs in most organisms on the Earth, because the Earth rotates in a 24-hour cycle. The circadian system regulates daily rhythms of physiology and behavior, such as the sleep/wake cycle, body temperature, hormonal secretion, and mood. The influence of circadian rhythm is very powerful, but limited research has addressed its effects. However, many recent studies have shown that circadian dysregulation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. This review study examined current and noteworthy studies, including the authors' own works, and proposes a possible clinical application of bipolar disorder based on evidence that circadian rhythm dysregulation in bipolar disorder may be a key pathogenetic mechanism.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2007

Objectives : By comparing the prevalence rates of suicide-related behaviors (suicide ideation, plan and attempt) between depressive disorder and anxiety disorder patients, we tried to find the characteristics of suicide-related behaviors in these patients. Methods : Four hundred-three patients participated in the study and the prevalence rates of suicide-related behaviors were investigated using Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview plus. Pearson Chi-Square test was used to find the association between depressive or anxiety disorders and suiciderelated behaviors. Results : Statistically significant differences were found between depressive disorder group and anxiety disorder group in terms of suicide ideation ($X^2$=6.173, df=1, p=0.013) and suicide attempt ($X^2$=8.008, df=1, p=0.005). We also found that patients in depressive disorder group were more likely to have suicide ideation (Odds Ratio=2.049, 95% Confidence Interval=1.155-3.635), and attempt suicide (Odds Ratio=4.970, 95% Confidence Interval=1.466-16.845) than patients in anxiety disorder group. Conclusion : These findings suggest that suicide ideation and suicide attempt rates are higher in depressive disorders than in anxiety disorders.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.155-169
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• 1998

Attentional dysfunction is considered as one of the core deficits in schizophrenic process. The findings, pathophysiological mechanisms, and their clinical implications of clinical and experimental neurocognitive tests for the attentional impairment in schizophrenics are reviewed. The influences of psychopathology, antipsychotic treatment, and chronic institutionalization are also included in the review. In contrast, there are only a few evidences that attentional dysfunction would be a core deficit of depressive, manic, and anxiety disorders. Some recent findings of attentional impairment in these disorders are reviewed.