• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.279-291
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• 2008

This survey is to increase the quality of life by improved oral health. Total 572 Youngnam area residence joined the survey and answered for the subjects of general aspect & health activity, self-determined oral health status, oral health knowledge, oral health activity, food behavior, OHIP-14,THI, QOL. Survey was analyzed by SPSS (Ver. 12.0). Result of the study is summarized as follows; 1. Among total 572 residents, women were 58% and 20~29 aged were 35.5%, highest. In academic background, High school graduated were 59.6%. In average monthly income view, Lower than 1.5 million KRW was 43.5%, 49.3% replied drinks 1~3 times a month. No smoking group was 73.1%. No exercise group was 35.5% and every day exercise group was 11.4%. In self evaluating about oral health status question 40.4%(231) replied as bad, which was highest. 2. Women have higher score about oral health knowledge. Woman and Every day exercise group have better score about oral health practice. Man, 40~49 aged, more than 2.51 million KRW avg' income, every day exercise groups has good score about diet related question. 3. OHIP-14 has lower score as age is older, as more income. THI shows higher score from woman, 20~29, more income group and QOL has higher score from more than college educated, every day exercise groups. 4. Similar correlation indexes on QOL are OHIP-14, diet, oral health knowledge, oral health practice listed in order of effect size. Self-determined oral health index is important to improve quality of life along with health activity, especially oral health recognition index is different depends on age and monthly income that addresses it is necessary to deliver training with carefully designed oral health training program development.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of satisfaction with the marriage support policy on marriage intention among unmarried employed men and women. The study subjects included 300 unmarried working men and women aged over 30 years residing in the Seoul metropolitan area. First, according to the analysis of the subjects' overall tendency towards satisfaction with the marriage support policy and towards marriage intention, the marriage support policy gained the highest level of support in relation to housing for newlywed couples, which scored 3.29 (sd=.93), followed by improvements in corporate and family culture for the purposes of work-family compatibility at 3.24 (sd=.95), wedding loans at 3.18 (sd=1.01), and the paid leave system for marriage preparation at 3.12 (sd=.88). These variables scored slightly higher than the median 3 points. Conversely, satisfaction with the availability of marriage-related information and the provision of opportunities for dating scored 2.65 (sd=.88) and 2.78 (sd=.80), respectively, both of which were slightly lower than the median of 3. The overall mean score for satisfaction with the marriage support policy was 3.03 (sd=.95), which was slightly higher than the median of 3. In regards to marriage intention, the score was 3.32 (sd=1.15) points out of a perfect score of 5, which was slightly higher than the median. This indicated a slightly higher level in terms of the subjects' intention to marry. Second, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed to identify the effect of satisfaction with the marriage support policy on marriage intention among unmarried employed adults. Sociodemographic variables were entered as control variables in the regression at the first stage, and variables relating to satisfaction in a family-friendly social environment were entered at the second stage. When gender, age, educational level, monthly income, period of employment, working hours, and type of employment were inserted in the first stage of regression as control variables, gender, monthly income, period of employment, and type of employment were found to have a significant effect on marriage intention. Marriage intention was found to be greater in unmarried men with higher monthly incomes and longer periods spent working, and in unmarried working men and women engaged in tenured employment work. When variables relating to satisfaction with the marriage support policy were inserted in the second stage of regression, gender, monthly income, type of employment, and satisfaction with direct marriage support had significant effects on marriage intention. It was found that marriage intention was greater in unmarried men whose monthly income was higher, whose employment type was tenured work, and who showed greater satisfaction with direct marriage support.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was not only to identify real-life conditions of Korean-Chinese in Korea(clothing habits, eating habits, housing habits, economic life and leisure activities) but also to reveal the related variables that shall affect life quality. The subjects were selected from Korean-Chinese in Korea related to ‘Compatriots House’. The survey was conducted from June 20th to July 5th, 2000. A total of 225 questionnaires out of 350 were used as the final data analysis. All data were analyzed using the SAS/PC for frequency, percentage, F-test and Regression analysis. The study revealed the following results. 1. Significant differences were found in life quality of Korean-Chinese in Korea according to age(p<.05), optimum income (p<.001), health condition(p<.001), education level(p<.005), and entry motivation(p<.05). 2. Variable such as optimum income(β=.334) education level(β=-.190), monthly income(β=.170), health condition(β=.151), and self-esteem(β=.133) affected life quality of Korean-Chinese in Korea. Korean-Chinese’s life quality was explained by these variable(35%). The optimum income variable was the primary influential factor.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.131-143
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the consumption expenditure structure for leisure & recreational service in urban households. For these purpose, the data collected 175 households in Pusan metropolitan city. Statistics employed for the analys were frequencies, means, one -way ANDVA, and multiple regression analysis. The major results of this study were as follows; Average monthly expenditure for leisure, recreational service was 190,342 won. And their expenditure for leisure & recreational service share was 12.89 % of total expenditure. Those expenditure with high income elasticity were hobby & culture education, and journey. And those with low income elasticity were play & inspection, and health & sports. In leisure & recreational service expenditure, the variables which influence were job and degree of household head, and income.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.137-149
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• 1995

The first objective of this study is to examine the finanacial management practices of rural housewives. The second objective is to determine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on financial management practices. The Deacon & Firebaugh's model of family resource management framework and previous studies were used to determine the effects, regarding a9e, income, number of family, education level, and farming/nonfarming as independent/input variables, and monthly saving and managerial behavior index as dependent/throughput variables. A sample of 179 rural housewives aged less than 60 was selected from Shihung-Si Gyonggi-Do Province. Results showed that rural housewives more frequently did keeping bills, making purchase-list and verifying purchase need than recording where money spent making financial plan, and evaluating spending. With regard to household debt use, 60% of the sample had debt the most borrower used debt for farming, 73% of borrowers paid for their debt behind the schedule, and the main source of borrowing was NACF (NongHyup). Using installment credit, the rural housewives mainly bought cosmetics. 25% of the sample had credit cards. Average debt was 6, 070, 000 won, and 81% of annual income. In terms of saving, 85% of the sample saved, and 23% of the sample lived with the money after save. The main reasons of saving were for education and marriage of children and emergency. The main saving institutions were NACF and NLCF (ChukHyup). The regression showed that income was negatively associated with monthly saving, and age was identified as the positive determinants of managerial behavior index.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined family function and self-esteem among young and middle-aged adults with physical disabilities. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 116 adults with physical disabilities. Data were collected from 4 Community rehabilitation centers in C area from October to November 2008. All subjects were questioned about family function and self-esteem by the APGAR scale and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. SPSS/WIN 12.0 was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. Results: Subjects had a moderate level of family function (5.31) and self-esteem (28.13). There were significant differences of family function according to age, monthly income, economic status, and disability site. There were significant differences in self-esteem according to age, gender, monthly income, and economic status. The level of family function and income were related to self-esteem. Conclusion: These findings suggest that there is a necessity to improve family function and self-esteem among young and middle-aged adults with physical disabilities. Nursing interventions should take into account the role of family function in promoting self-esteem in people with physical disabilities.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data to decrease the stress of the family caregivers. Methods: The questionnaire was administrated to the family caregivers of 156 patients with stroke who consented to be interviewed. Among 156 caregivers, we analyzed 120 caregivers. We evaluated on the stress of the family caregivers. Results: First, the general characteristics of patient with CVA were high at 82.55% in male, 55.83% in infarction, 53.33% in the left hemiplegia, 47.50% in sixties, 80.83% in 1 recurrence rate, 27.50% in 1-2 years of disease period. Second, the general characteristics of family caregivers were high in above sixties, female in gender, existence in religion, married in marital status, high school in educational level, below 1 million-won in monthly income, spouse in relationship with patient, below 1 years in total caring period. Third, it showed that stress of family caregivers above 3.0 score has 8 items. Forth, the patient's characteristic that have the influence on the stress was significant in the period of disease(p<0.05). Finally, the characteristics of family caregivers that have the influence on the stress were the monthly income, caring period(p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicated that the stress of the family caregivers was correlated with the time in hospital, the income and nursing period.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.272-280
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• 1994

The weaning practice of infants from 5 to 12 months of age in the area of Chunchon, Kangwon-do was studied. Subjects were divided into 2 groups depending on residential area, monthly family income and mother's educational level. Parents of group 1 (n=90) received higher education and more monthly family income than those of group 2(n=32). The family income was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. Mother's educational level has been markedly improved over 10 years, which affected the feeding methods before weaning in both groups(P<0.05). Group 1 appeared to be bottle-fed. Bottle-and mixed-feeding were mainly due to lack of breast milk. 95.6% of group 1 and 71.9% of group 2 started weaning before the age of 6 months and only 16.4% were completely finished regardless of the groups. Commercially prepared foods were used more than home-made for first given-supplementary food. 82.2% of group 1 received fruits and 84.4% of group 2 cookies/crackers as their main supplementary foods. As the motivation of onset of weaning, 'for baby's health and nutritional status' was the most common. These results demonstrate that there are distinct differences between these 2 groups in 1) the feeding methods prior to weaning, 2) time of onset of weaning, and 3) main supplementary foods, influenced by mother's educational level, economic purchasing power, or subjects birth order.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.810-827
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• 2021

Indonesian women have emerged as global consumers, and various studies are needed to expand the global fashion market targeting their needs. In this study, a survey was conducted to determine the fashion design preferences of Indonesian Muslim women according to demographic characteristics and religious variables. In this study, Indonesian women aged from their teens to their 40s were surveyed by questionnaire during June 2020. This yielded 301 survey responses, which were analyzed using χ²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test using SPSS23. The results of the study are as follows: Analysis of the demographic characteristics of Indonesian Muslim women and the degree of acceptance of fashion trends according to religious variables showed significant differences according to age, monthly income, and the extent to which they wore a hijab. Analysis of the demographic characteristics of the women and the degree of acceptance of the fitted garment according to religious variables showed significant differences depending on their age, whether they were married, their monthly income, religious faithfulness, the extent to which they wore a hijab, and the degree of acceptance of Islamic discipline. After examining the difference in Muslim women's preferred fashion images (according to demographic characteristics and religious variables), significant differences were identified according to their age, income, extent to which they wore a hijab, and the degree of Islamic discipline with regard to clothing.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 2023

Purpose - In this study, we examine the factors related to the asset allocation decisions of individual investors who 1) directly invest in stocks or bonds, 2) indirectly invest in various fund products (excluding CMA and MMF), and 3) invest in both products. Design/methodology/approach - We collect a sample of 3,000 individual investors and investigate the factors influencing investment behavior, especially the diversification tendency in asset allocation, with the "Investor Behavior Survey" that is conducted jointly by the Korea Financial Investment Association and the Korea Gallup Research Institute in 2011 and 2012. Findings - Our regression analyses estimate the marginal effects of various factors such as the amount of total financial assets, monthly income, occupation, age, and gender. The results reveal that male investors with manual labor occupations were less inclined to diversify their investments compared to female investors in office jobs. Additionally, higher monthly income is associated with a greater inclination toward diversification. Therefore, if a positive relationship exists between income and educational level, we may suggest that higher educational levels lead to a greater tendency for diversification. Research implications or Originality - Interestingly, investors who engage in direct investments tend to exhibit a weaker diversification tendency as the amount of their direct investment increases. On the other hand, investors who engage in both direct and indirect investments show a weaker diversification tendency as the amount of total financial assets increases. This suggests that the investment style of investors is closely related to their diversification behavior.