• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2008

Monte Carlo simulation methods are especially useful in studying a variety of problems difficult to calculate by experimental or analytical approaches. Nowadays, they are extensively applied to simulate nuclear medicine instrumentations such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) for assisting system design and optimizing imaging and processing protocols. The goal of this paper is to address the practical issues, a potential user of Monte Carlo simulations for nuclear medicine can encounter, to help them to choose a code. This review introduces the different types of Monte Carlo codes currently available for nuclear medicine, comments main features and properties for a code to be proper for a given purpose, and discusses current research trends in Monte Carlo codes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.43-51
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• 2004

In order to decommission the shielding concrete of KRR(Korea Research Reactor) -1＆2, it must be exactly determined activated level and range by neutron irradiation during operation. To determine the activated level and range, it must be sampled and analyzed the core sample. But, there are difficulties in sample preparation and determination of the measurement efficiency by self-absorption. In the study, the full energy efficiency of the HPGe detector was compared with the measured value using standard source and the calculated one using Monte Carlo simulation. Also. self-absorption effects due to the density and component change of the concrete were calculated using the Monte Carlo method. Its results will be used radioactivity analysis of the real concrete core sample in the future.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.361-366
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• 2007

As the application of quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to food safety becomes widespread, it is now being questioned whether experimental results and simulated results coincide. Therefore, this paper comparatively analyzed experimental data and simulated data of the cross contamination, which needs summation of the simplest calculations in QRA, of chicken by Monte Carlo simulation and fuzzy math computation. In order to verify summation, the following basic operation was performed. For the experiment, thigh, breast, and a mixture of both parts were preserved for 24 hr at $20^{\circ}C$, and then the cell number of Salmonella spp. was measured. In order to examine the differences between experimental results and simulated results, we applied the descriptive statistics. The result was that mean value by fuzzy math computation was more similar to the experimental than that by Monte Carlo simulation, whereas other statistical descriptors by Monte Carlo simulation were more similar.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.109-118
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• 2004

Life cycle assessment (LCA) usually involves some uncertainty. These uncertainties are generally divided in two categories such lack of data and data inaccuracy in life cycle inventory (LCI). This paper explo.es a methodology on dealing with uncertainty due to lack of data in LCI. In order to treat uncertainty of LCI data, a model for data uncertainty is proposed. The model works with probabilistic curves as inputs and with Monte Carlo Simulation techniques to propagate uncertainty. The probabilistic curves were derived from the results of survey in expert network and Monte Carlo Simulation was performed using the derived probabilistic curves. The results of Monte Carlo Simulation were verified by statistical test. The proposed approach should serve as a guide to improve data quality and deal with uncertainty of LCI data in LCA projects.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

This paper aims at finding out dominant robot configurations with maximal position errors, which can be attributed to the parameter errors, by using Monte-Carlo simulation for error analysis of a 3-axis SCARA(Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm) type robot. In particular, the Monte-Carlo simulation is used for virtually measuring on the position errors, instead of physical measurement. In order to measure the observability of the model parameters with respect to a set of robot configurations, we propose the observability index which is defined as the product of singular values for error propagation matrices. Thus the index can be used for discriminating dominant robot configurations from a set of simulated ones in conjunction with standard deviation of positional errors, This paper analyzed error by robot positional error.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.780-786
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• 2013

In the reliability-based design optimization of electromagnetic devices, the accurate and efficient reliability assessment method is very essential. The first-order sensitivity-assisted Monte Carlo Simulation is proposed in the former research. In order to improve its accuracy for wide application, in this paper, the second-order sensitivity analysis is presented by using the hybrid direct differentiation-adjoint variable method incorporated with the finite element method. By combining the second-order sensitivity with the Monte Carlo Simulation method, the second-order sensitivity-assisted Monte Carlo Simulation algorithm is proposed to implement reliability calculation. Through application to one superconductor magnetic energy storage system, its accuracy is validated by comparing calculation results with other methods.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1552-1561
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• 1996

It requires uch time and cost to obtain the fatigue crack growth life and fatigue crack growth path morphlogy from the fatigue crack growth tests. In this study, the Monte-Carlo simulation program was developed to predict the fatigue crack growth lofe and fatigue crack growth path morphology of metal matrix composites. Fatigue crack growth lives of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% $SiC_w$/Al composites were predicted by usign the Monte-Carlo Simulation. And the fatigue crack growth lives of 25% $SiC_w$/Al and Almatrix from Monte-carlo simulation were compared with fatigue life from experiments in order to verify the accuracy of Monte-Carlo Simulation program.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.444-450
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• 2013

The influences of scatterer and absorber in turbid material by light scattering on silica fume of additive were interpreted for the scattered intensity and wavelength. The molecular properties have been studied by Monte Carlo simulation in resin of New Austria Tunnel Method. It has been found that the effects of optical properties in scattering media could be investigated by the optical parameters(${\mu}_s$, ${\mu}_a$,${\mu}_t$). Monte Carlo Simulation method for modelling of light transport in the civil engineering and construction field was applied. The results using a phantom were discussed that the distance from source to detector is closer, and scattering intensity is stronger with those obtained through Monte Carlo Simulation. It may also aid in designing the best model for coatings and corrosion for the durability of metal constructions.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 1998

Results of Monte Carlo simulations on amorphous silicon based x-ray imaging arrays are described. In order to investigate the characteristics of amorphous silicon x-ray imaging devices and to provide the optimum design parameter, Monte Carlo simulations were performed. Monte Carlo simulation codes for our purpose were developed and various combinations of x-ray peak voltages, aluminum filter thicknesses, CsI(TI) thicknesses, and amorphous silicon photodiode pixel sizes were tested in connection with detection efficiency and spatial resolution of the amorphous silicon based x-ray imager. With usual Csl(TI) thickness of 300${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-500${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, detection efficiency was in the range of 70%-95% and energy absorption efficiency was in the range of 40%-70% for 60kVp-120kVp x-ray. From the simulations it was found that amorphous silicon pixel size and Csl(TI) thickness were the most important parameters which determine the resolution of the imager. By use of our simulation results we could provide proper combinations of Csl(TI) thicknesses and pixels sizes for optimum sensitivity and resolution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.39-40
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• 2010