• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.255-266
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• 1999

The objective of this experiment is to observe the elastic and inelastic behaviors of high-rise reinforced concrete frames having non-seismic details. To do this, a building frame designed according to Korean seismic code and detailed in the Korean conventional practice was selected. A 1:12 scale plane frame model was manufactured according to similitude law. A reversed lateral load test and a monotonic pushover test were performed under the displacement control. To simulate the earthquake effects, the lateral force distribution was maintained to be an inverse triangle by using a whiffle tree. From the tests, base shears, crack pattern, local rotations in the ends of critical members and the relations between interstory drift versus story shear are obtained. Based on test results, conclusions are drawn on the implications of the elastic and inelastic behaviors of a high-rise reinforced concrete frame having non-seismic details.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.401-413
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• 2015

In this study the progressive collapse resisting capacity of a RC beam-column subassemblage with and without strengthening was investigated. Total of five specimens were tested; two unreinforced specimens, the one designed as gravity load-resisting system and the other as seismic load-resisting system, and three specimens reinforced with: (i) bonded strand, (ii) unbonded strand, and (iii) side steel plates with stud bolts. The two-span subassemblages were designed as part of an eight-story RC building. Monotonically increasing load was applied at the middle column of the specimens and the force-displacement relationships were plotted. It was observed that the gravity load-resisting specimen failed by fractures of re-bars in the beams. In the other specimens no failure was observed until the maximum displacement capacity of the actuator was reached. Highest strength was observed in the structure with unbonded strand. The test result of the specimen with side steel plates in beam-column joints showed that the force-displacement curve increased without fracture of re-bars. Based on the test results it was concluded that the progressive collapse resisting capacity of a RC frame could be significantly enhanced using unbonded strands or side plates with stud bolts.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.311-321
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• 2017

This paper presents the details of analytical studies carried out towards the prediction of flexural capacity and load-deflection behaviour of Laced Steel-Concrete Composite (LSCC) beams. Analytical expressions for flexural capacity of the beams are derived in accordance with the basic principles of conventional Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams, but incorporated with relevant modifications to account for the composite nature of the cross-section. The ultimate flexural capacity of the two LSCC beams predicted using the derived expressions is found to be approximately 20% lower than those obtained due to measurement from experiments. Further to these, two simple methods are also proposed on the basis of unit load method and equivalent steel beam method to determine the non-linear load-deflection response of the LSCC beams for monotonic loading. Upon validation of the proposed methods by comparing the predicted responses with those of experiments and finite element analysis, it is found that the methods are useful to find nonlinear response of such composite beams.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.281-286
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• 2008

Wall thinning defect due to flow accelerated corrosion is one of major aging phenomena in most power plant industries, and it results in reducing load carrying capacity of the piping systems. A failure testing system was set up for real scale elbows containing various simulated wall thinning defects, and monotonic in-plane bending tests were performed under internal pressure to find out the failure behavior of thinned elbows. Various finite element models were generated and analysed to figure out and simulate the behavior for other thinning shapes and loading conditions. This paper presents the decreasing trends of load carrying capacity according to the thinning dimensions which were revealed from the investigation of finite element analysis results. A mechanical integrity evaluation model for thinned elbows was proposed, also. This model can be used to calculate the TES plastic load of thinned elbows for general internal pressure, thinning location, and in-plane bending direction.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.439-448
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• 2017

Reinforced concrete (RC) infrastructures often require strengthening due to error in design, degradation of materials properties after prolong utilization and increases load carrying capacity persuaded by new use of the structures. For this purpose, a newly proposed Side Near Surface Mounted (SNSM) composite technique was used for flexural strengthening of RC beam specimens. Analytical and non-linear finite element modeling (FEM) using ABAQUS were performed to predict the flexural performance of RC specimens strengthened with S-NSM using steel bars as a strengthening reinforcement. RC beams with various SNSM reinforcement ratios were tested for flexural performance using four-point bending under monotonic loading condition. Results showed significantly increase the yield and ultimate strengths up to 140% and 144% respectively and improved failure modes. The flexural response, such as failure load, mode of failure, yield load, ultimate load, deflection, strain, cracks characteristic and ductility of the beams were compared with those predicted results. The strengthened RC beam specimens showed good agreement of predicted flexural behavior with the experimental outcomes.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2024

Restraints of Branch Lines are used as earthquake-resistant support devices for fire-fighting pipes along with sway brace devices. The central types are aligned and fixed in a straight line with center of the pipe, but the eccentric types are fixed to on side of the pipe, so a bending moment occurs. In this study, three specimens each of central type and eccentric type were installed at an angle of 45° from the vertical and a monotonic compression load of 1340N was applied. All central type samples satisfied 17.8mm of the allowable displacement, but all eccentric type samples failed to meet the target load and buckled. Therefore, when considering the performance of eccentric type restraints, both compressive load and bending moment must be considered. Even through material mechanics calculations, the yield stress of eccentric type - 3/8 inch all threaded steel bolt - exceeds 320Mpa of the allowable stress. A experiment standards need to be established for eccentric type restraints.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.04b
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• pp.525-530
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• 1998

The objective of this experiment is to observe the elastic and inelastic behaviors of high-rise reinforced concrete frames with nonseimic details. To do this, a building frame designed according to Korean seismic code and detailed in the Korean conventional manner was selected. An 1:12 scale plane frame model was manufactured according law. Reversed lateral load tests and monotonic push-over test were performed under the displacement control. To simulate the earthquake effect, the lateral force distribution was maintained to be an inversed triangular by using whiffle tree. From the tests, story displacements, lateral story forces, local plastic rotations and the relations between inter-story drift versus story shear are obtained. Based on the test results, conclusions on the characteristics of the elastic and behaviors of a high-rise reinforced concrete frame with nonseismic details are drawn.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.789-809
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• 2015

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies into the structural behavior of a high performance corbel type composite connection adopted in Raffles City of Hangzhou, China. Physical tests under both monotonic and quasi-static cyclic loads were conducted to investigate the load carrying capacities and deformation characteristics of this new type of composite connection. A variety of structural responses are examined in detail, including load-deformation characteristics, the development of sectional direct and shear strains, and the history of cumulative plastic deformation and energy. A three-dimensional finite element model built up with solid elements was also proposed for the verification against test results. The studies demonstrate the high rigidity, strength and rotation capacities of the corbel type composite connections, and give detailed structural understanding for engineering design and practice. Structural engineers are encouraged to adopt the proposed corbel type composite connections in mega high-rise buildings to achieve an economical and buildable and architectural friendly engineering solution.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.3 s.29
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• pp.42-48
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• 1998

구형 관입시험에 의한 얼음의 균열을 연구 하였다. $-10^{circ}C$에서 S2 기둥얼음의 시편(152mm X 152mm X 152mm)에 stainless 강으로 된 구(지름 25.4mm)로 하중을 가하였다. 구형indentor는 얼음 시편의 장축인 기둥방향에 수직으로 하중을 가하였으며 이때 변위율은 0.038mm/s로 하여 단조증가 하중 시험을 하였다. 하중을 가하기 시작하면 indentor 하부에서 crushing 이 발생하고, 하중이 증가함에 따라서 방사선 균열 또는 횡균열이 성장하여 splitting 또는 spallation이 발생하였다. 단조증가 하중 때와 동일한 indentor를 사용하여 하중 및 비하중율 0.5KN/s로 맥박하중을 가할 때 이들 방사선 균열 및 횡 균열이 발생 성장하였다. 첫 맥박 하중의 크기는 1KN으로 하고 그 뒤 계속 이어지는 시험은 맥박 하중의 크기를 증가시킨 뒤 행하였으며 균열 길이는 맥박과 맥박 사이에서 계측 하였다. 기타 취성고체에서 관찰 되었던 것과 같이 방사선 균열 및 측면균열의 길이는 impression 반지름과 하나의 지수법칙이 성립함을 보여주었다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.4 s.235
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• pp.606-613
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• 2005

Effects of circumferentially local wall thinning on the fracture behavior of pipes were investigated by monotonic four-point bending. Local wall thinning was machined on the pipes in order to simulate erosion/corrosion metal loss. The configurations of the eroded area included an eroded ratio of d/t= 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8, and an eroded length of ${\ell}\;=10mm,$ 25mm, and 120mm. Fracture type could be classified into ovalization, local buckling, and crack initiation depending on the eroded length and eroded ratio. Three-dimensional elasto-plastic analyses were also carried out using the finite element method, which is able to accurately simulate fracture behaviors excepting failure due to cracking. It was possible to predict the crack initiation point by estimating true fracture ductility under multi-axial stress conditions at the center of the thinned area.