• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.269-280
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• 2021

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of thickness reduction and fatigue on the failure load of monolithic zirconia crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 140 CAD-CAM fabricated crowns (3Y-TZP, inCorisTZI, Dentsply-Sirona) with different ceramic thicknesses (2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.8, 0.5 mm, respectively, named G2, G1.5, G1, G0.8, and G0.5) were investigated. Dies of a mandibular first molar were made of composite resin. The zirconia crowns were luted with a resin composite cement (RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, 3M ESPE). Half of the specimens (n = 14 per group) were mouth-motion-fatigued (1.2 million cycles, 1.6 Hz, 200 N/ 5 - 55℃, groups named G2-F, G1.5-F, G1-F, G0.8-F, and G0.5-F). Single-load to failure was performed using a universal testing-machine. Fracture modes were analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed using a Weibull 2-parameter distribution (90% CI) to determine the characteristic strength and Weibull modulus differences among the groups. RESULTS. Three crowns (21%) of G0.8 and five crowns (36%) of G0.5 showed cracks after fatigue. Characteristic strength was the highest for G2, followed by G1.5. Intermediate values were observed for G1 and G1-F, followed by significantly lower values for G0.8, G0.8-F, and G0.5, and the lowest for G0.5-F. Weibull modulus was the lowest for G0.8, intermediate for G0.8-F and G0.5, and significantly higher for the remaining groups. Fatigue only affected G0.5-F. CONCLUSION. Reduced crown thickness lead to reduced characteristic strength, even under failure loads that exceed physiological chewing forces. Fatigue significantly reduced the failure load of 0.5 mm monolithic 3Y-TZP crowns.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.2224-2228
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• 2012

This study describes the ability of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) for the determination of imidacloprid and carbendazim in tomato samples. A novel liquid crystal crown ether modified hybrid silica monolithic column was synthesized, characterized and developed as separation column for the first time. Baseline separation of imidacloprid and carbendazim could be achieved using a mobile phase containing 90% (v/v) 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and 10% (v/v) acetonitrile. The matrix matched calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficient $r^2$ > 0.9998 in the range of 0.20-10.00 mg/L. The limits of detection for imidacloprid and carbendazim were 0.061 and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively, which were below the maximum residue limits established by the European Union as well as Codex Alimentarius. Average recoveries for imidacloprid and carbendazim varied from 101.6-108.0% with relative standard deviations lower than 6.3%. This method was applied to the analysis of tomatoes collected from local markets.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.9.1-9.6
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• 2018

The objective of this case report is to introduce a simple technique for simultaneously taking a closed-mouth impression and functionally generated path (FGP) for a full coverage crown restoration. A monolithic zirconia crown was the restoration of choice. An alginate impression of the abutment tooth was taken to fabricate a custom-made closed-mouth impression tray covering the abutment tooth and the adjacent teeth. The tray had an FGP table and an abutment tray in cameo and intaglio surfaces, respectively. The impression was taken with silicone impression material after adjusting the abutment tray and inscribing the FGP using self-curing acrylic resins. Plaster casts were made from the impression, and a zirconia crown was fabricated. The crown was cemented to the abutment tooth with minimal adjustments. This simple technique resulted in a well-fitting crown that accounted for mandibular movements. Using the custom closed-mouth impression tray incorporating an FGP table simultaneously aids in fabricating an accurately fitting restoration that incorporates harmonious mandibular movements using a single impression capture.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2023

PURPOSE. To assess the clinical performance of monolithic CAD-CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDGC) crowns and metal-ceramic (MC) crowns provided by predoctoral students. This study also assessed the effects of patient and provider-related factors on their clinical performance as well as patient preference for these types of crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-five patients who received 50 crowns (25 LDGC CAD-CAM and 25 MC) provided by predoctoral students were retrospectively examined. LDGC CAD-CAM crowns were milled in-house using the CEREC Bluecam system and cemented with either RelyX Unicem or Calibra Esthetic resin cements. MC crowns were cemented with RelyX Unicem cement. Clinical assessment of the crowns and the supporting periodontal structures were performed following the modified California Dental Association (CDA) criteria. Patients' preference was recorded using a visual analog scale (VAS). The results were statistically analyzed using log-rank test, Pearson Chi-squared test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS. Twelve complications were observed in the MC crown group (9-esthetic, 2-technical and 1-biological). In comparison, 2 complications in the LDGC CAD-CAM crown group were observed (1-technical and 1-esthetic). The 6-year cumulative survival rates for MC crowns and LDGC CAD-CAM were 90.8% and 96%, respectively, whereas the success rates were 83.4% and 96%, respectively. Overall, patients preferred the esthetic outcomes of LDGC CAD-CAM crowns over MC crowns. CONCLUSION. The high survival and success rates, low number of complications, and the high level of patients' acceptance of monolithic LDGC CAD-CAM crowns lend them well as predictable and viable alternatives to the "gold standard" MC crowns.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2018

PURPOSE. To determine the discrepancy in monolithic zirconium dioxide crowns made with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems by comparing scans of silicone impressions and of master casts. MATERIALS AND METHODS. From a Cr-Co master die of a first upper left molar, 30 silicone impressions were taken. The 30 silicone impressions were scanned with the laboratory scanner, thus obtaining 30 milled monolithic yttrium stabilized zirconium dioxide (YSZD) crowns (the silicone group). They were poured and the working models were scanned, obtaining 30 milled monolithic yttrium stabilized zirconium dioxide (YSZD) crowns (the plaster group). Three predetermined points were analyzed in each side of the crown (Mesial, Distal, Vestibular and Palatal), and the marginal fit was evaluated with SEM (${\times}600$). The response variable is the discrepancy from the master model. A repeated measures ANOVA with two within subject factors was performed to study significance of main factors and interaction. RESULTS. Mean marginal discrepancy was $22.42{\pm}35.65{\mu}m$ in the silicone group and $8.94{\pm}14.69{\mu}m$ in the plaster group. The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the two groups and also among the four aspects. Interaction was also significant (P=.02). CONCLUSION. The mean marginal fit values of the two groups were within the clinically acceptable values. Significant differences were found between the groups according to the aspects studied. Various factors influenced the accuracy of digitizing, such as the design, the geometry, and the preparation guidance, as well as the texture, roughness and the color of the scanned material.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the internal and marginal adaptation of two widely used CAD/CAM systems and to study the effect of porcelain press veneering process on the prosthesis adaptation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Molar of a lower jaw typodont resin model was prepared by adjusting a 1.0 mm circumferential chamfer, an occlusal reduction of 2.0 mm, and a $5^{\circ}$ convergence angle and was duplicated as an abrasion-resistant master die. The monolithic crowns and copings were fabricated with two different CAD/CAM system-Ceramil and Zirkonzahn systems. Two kinds of non-destructive analysis methods are used in this study. First, weight technique was used to determine the overall fitting accuracy. And, to evaluate internal and marginal fit of specific part, replica technique procedures were performed. RESULTS. The silicone weight for the cement space of monolithic crowns and copings manufactured with Ceramil system was significantly higher than that from Zirkonzahn system. This gap might cause the differences in the silicone weight because the prostheses were manufactured according to the recommendation of each system. Marginal discrepancies of copings made with Ceramil system were between 106 and $117{\mu}m$ and those from Zirkonzahn system were between 111 and $115{\mu}m$. Marginal discrepancies of copings made with Ceramil system were between 101 and $131{\mu}m$ and those from Zirkonzahn system were between 116 and $131{\mu}m$. CONCLUSION. Marginal discrepancy was relatively lower in Ceramil system and internal gap was smaller in Zirkonzahn system. There were significant differences in the internal gap of monolithic crown and coping among the 2 CAD/CAM systems. Marginal discrepancy produced from the 2 CAD/CAM systems were within a reported clinically acceptable range of marginal discrepancy.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2022

목적: 이번 연구의 목적은 단일구조 지르코니아(monolithic zirconia) 크라운의 서로 다른 부위에서, 감소된 지르코니아의 두께가 파절 저항성에 미치는 복합적인 영향을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 재료 및 방법: 실험을 위해 7개의 니켈-크롬 다이를 제작하였다. 다이는 하악 제 1대구치를 치아 형성한 지대치 3D 모델을 바탕으로 제작되었다. 지대치는 1.5 mm 교합면 삭제를 시행하였고, 변연은 1.0 mm의 deep chamfer로 형성하였다. 이 지대치 형태를 바탕으로 지르코니아 블록(Luxen Zirconia)를 사용하여, 교합면 두께는 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, 축면 두께는 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm로 설정한 63개의 지르코니아 크라운을 제작하였다. 이 크라운은 니켈 크롬 다이에 레진 시멘트를 이용하여 접착하였다. 그 다음, electronic universal testing machine을 사용하여 크라운이 파절될 때까지 load-to fracture 시험을 진행하였다. 이후 scanning electron microscope (SEM)를 사용하여 크라운의 파절 형태를 관찰하였다. 통계 분석을 위해 Two-way ANOVA 방법을 사용하였고, 이에 대하여 Tuckey HSD test로 사후 검정을 시행하였다(P < .05). 결과: 모든 지르코니아 크라운의 평균 파절 저항 값은 구치부의 평균 저작력보다 큰 값을 나타냈다. 또한 Two-way ANOVA 결과, 지르코니아 크라운의 교합면 두께와 축면 두께는 파절 저항에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(P < .05). 그러나, 지르코니아의 축면 두께가 0.5 mm 이상일 때, 파절 저항에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 나타난 파괴 양상은 균열의 전파 양상에 따라 크라운의 부분 파절 또는 완전 파절로 나타났다. 결론: 이번 연구의 한계 내에서, 극도로 감소된 두께를 가진 CAD-CAM 단일구조 지르코니아 크라운은 구치부 교합력을 견딜 수 있는 적절한 파절 저항을 보였다. 또한, 지르코니아 크라운의 교합면 두께와 축면 두께는 파절 저항에 유의미한 영향을 나타냈으며 복합적인 결과를 보였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

완전무치악 환자한테 처음으로 시도되었던 임플란트 보철치료는 현재는 단일치아 상실된 경우까지 그 활용범위가 넓어졌으며, 임플란트 보철치료는 현대 치과에서는 거의 필수적인 치료방법으로 자리매김 하였다. 임플란트 보철물을 제작하는데 사용되는 재료도 초기에 비해 다양해졌는데, 그 중 하나가 고기능성 폴리머의 적용이다. 예전부터 의과에서 많이 사용되어 왔던 고기능성 폴리머를 치과에서도 시도하는 빈도가 점점 늘어나고 있다. 이에 고기능성 폴리머를 구치부 임플란트 지대주로 사용한 3가지 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 첫번째 증례는 하악 좌측 제2소구치가 상실된 부위에 PEKK 지대주 및 PFG 크라운(시멘트-나사-유지형)을 제작, 장착하였으며, 두번째 증례는 상실된 상악 좌측 제1대구치 부위에 PEKK 지대주 및 monolithic zirconia 크라운(시멘트-나사-유지형)을 제작, 장착하였으며, 마지막 증례는 상악 우측 제1,2 대구치 상실부위에 PEKK 지대주 및 splinted PFM 크라운(시멘트-나사-유지형)을 제작하여 장착하였다. 4년의 추적 관찰 결과 상기 환자 모두 심미적 및 기능적으로 만족스러운 결과를 얻었기에 증례를 보고하고자 한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2021

전체 치열에 걸쳐 과도한 병적 마모가 발생하는 경우 저작기능의 저하 및 악관절, 근신경계의 병리적인 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 본 증례는 71세 남성 환자로 상악 좌측 제 1 대구치 부위 임플란트 수복 공간의 부족 및 전치부 절단교합 및 전방, 측방유도의 상실 및 전치아에 걸친 심화된 파절과 마모가 관찰된 환자에서 수직고경 증가를 동반한 전악구강회복술을 계획하였다. 환자의 적절한 수직고경을 결정하기 위하여 안모, 심미, 기능 및 보철 수복 공간을 평가하였으며, 거상된 수직고경의 임시수복물을 제작하였고 약 4개월 간의 관찰기간을 거친 후 임상증상 및 불편감 없음을 확인한 후 CAD-CAM을 이용한 단일구조 지르코니아 전장관전악수복을 완료하였다. 이상과 같은 과정을 통해 수직고경 거상을 동반한 전악구강회복술을 시행하였으며, 만족스러운 심미 및 기능적 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The aim of the study was to evaluate the optical properties of new generation (3Y-TZP) monolithic zirconia (MZ) with different abutment types and resin cement shades. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A1/LT MZ specimens were prepared (10 × 12 × 1 mm, N = 30) and divided into 3 groups according to cement shades as transparent (Tr), yellow (Y) and opaque (O). Abutment specimens were obtained from 4 different materials including zirconia (Group Z), hybrid (Group H), titanium (Group T) and anodized yellow titanium (Group AT). MZ and abutment specimens were then cemented. L^*, a^*, and b^* parameters were obtained from MZ, MZ + abutment, and MZ + abutment + cement. ∆E₀₀₁^* (between MZ and MZ + abutment), ∆E₀₀₂^* (between MZ and MZ + abutment + cement) and ∆E₀₀₃^* (between MZ + abutment and MZ + abutment + cement) values were calculated. Statistical analyses included 2-way ANOVA, Bonferroni, and Paired Sample t-Tests (P < .05). RESULTS. Abutment types and resin cements had significant effect on L^*, a^*, b^*, ∆E₀₀₁^*, ∆E₀₀₂^*, and ∆E₀₀₃^* values (P < .001). Without cementation, whereas zirconia abutment resulted in the least discoloration (∆E₀₀₁^* = 0.68), titanium abutment caused the most discoloration (∆E₀₀₁^* = 4.99). The least ∆E₀₀₂^* = 0.68 value was seen using zirconia abutment after cementation with yellow shaded cement. Opaque shaded cement caused the most color change (∆E₀₀₃^* = 5.24). Cement application increased the L^* values in all groups. CONCLUSION. The least color change with/without cement was observed in crown configurations created with zirconia abutments. Zirconia and hybrid abutments produced significantly lower ∆E₀₀₂^* and ∆E₀₀₃^* values in combination with yellow shaded cement. The usage of opaque shaded cement in titanium/anodized titanium groups may enable the clinically unacceptable ∆E₀₀^* value to reach the acceptable level.