• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.187-202
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• 2024

For the problems of high compressibility and low strength of peat soil formed by lake-phase deposition in Dianchi Lake, microbial-induced calcium carbonate deposition (MICP), phyto-urease-induced calcium carbonate deposition (EICP) and phyto-urease-induced calcium carbonate deposition combined with lignin (EICP combined with lignin) were used to reinforce the peat soil, the changes in mechanical properties of the soil before and after the reinforcement of the peat soil were experimentally investigated, and the effect and mechanism of peat soil reinforcing by the three reinforcing techniques were tested and analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that: compared to the unreinforced remolded peat soil specimens, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), cohesion and internal friction angle of the specimens reinforced by MICP, EICP and EICP combined with lignin techniques have been greatly improved, and the permeability resistance has been improved by two, two and three orders of magnitude, respectively; the different methods of reinforcing generate different calcium carbonate crystalline phases, with the EICP combined with lignin technique generating the most stable calcite, and the MICP and EICP techniques generating a mixed phase of calcite and spherulitic chalcocite. Analyses showed that for peat soil reinforcement, the acidic environment of peat soil inhibited the growth and reproduction of bacteria, EICP technology was superior to MICP technology, and the addition of lignin solved the defect of the EICP technology that did not have a "nucleation site", so EICP combined with lignin reinforcement was preferred for the improvement of peat soil.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2017

Background: This study was undertaken to analyze the distribution and ecological characteristics of invasive alien plant species on Jeju Island, and to provide basic data for their management and control. Results: A field research was conducted at 436 locations on Jeju Island. The field research identified nine species of invasive alien species growing on Jeju Island. Based on the distribution pattern, Hypochaeris radicata L., Rumex acetosella, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. were found to be distributed horizontally throughout Jeju Island, with vertical growth in two or more vegetation zones, from warm temperate to the subalpine zone. Widely distributed species penetrate various habitats, such as grasslands, ranches, roadsides, farmlands, and empty lots, and have an immensely negative impact on the ecosystem, including declining biodiversity on Jeju Island. Paspalum distichum var. indutum Shinners, Paspalum distichum L., Solanum carolinense L., and Aster pilosus Willd. were distributed in some areas as a biased distribution species, whereas Lactuca scariola L. and Solidago altissima L. were found only in certain areas as centralized distribution species. Conclusions: The centralized distribution species and biased distribution species of the invasive plants in the ecosystem of Jeju Island should be physically eliminated, keeping in mind the short- and mid-term perspectives and monitoring, and by considering expansion of additional distribution areas. Due to limitations of physical/chemical elimination, time, and cost, widely distributed species require to be eliminated and managed, mainly to restore the integrity of the ecosystem, by planting native species to reestablish the habitat.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

Green roofs can reduce surface water runoff, provide a habitat for wildlife moderate the urban heat island effect, improve building insulation and energy efficiency, improve the air quality, create aesthetic and amenity value, and preserve the roof's waterproofing. Green roofs are mainly divided into three types : intensive, simple-intensive, and extensive. Especially, extensive roof environment is a harsh one for plant growth; limited water availability, wide temperature fluctuations, high exposure to wind and solar radiation create highly stressed environment. This study, aimed at extensive green roof, was carried out on the rooftop of the library at Seoul Women's Univ. from October to November, 2012 and from March to August, 2013. To suggest the most effective vegetation model for biodiversity and heat island mitigation, surface temperatures were monitored by each vegetation model. We found that herbaceous plants of Aster sphathulifolius, Aceriphyllum rossii and Belamcanda chinensis, shrub of Syringa patula 'Miss Kim', Thymus quinquecostatus var. japonica, Sedum species can mixing each other. Among them, the vegetation models including Sedum takesimense, Aster sphathulifolius, Thymus quinquecostatus var. japonica was more effective on the surface temperature mitigation, because the species have the tolerance and high ratio of covering, and also in water. Especially, in the treatment of bark mulching, they helped to increase the temperature of vegetation models. In the case of summer, temperature mitigation of vegetation models were no significant difference among vegetation types. Compared to surface temperature of June, July and August were apparent impact of temperature mitigation, it shows that temperature mitigation are strongly influenced by substrate water content.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

풍력시장은 매년 연 30%정도의 고도 성장률을 보이고 있으며, 점차 늘어나고 있는 추세이다. 국내 풍력발전기 설치 총량은 380MW로 전 세계시장의 0.2%의 점유율을 보이고 있다. 그러나 국내에 설치된 풍력발전기의 90%이상이 해외기업 제품이다. 또한 해상 풍력 발전소 설치를 위한 사전 조사 시스템에 적용되는 데이터로거도 대부분 해외기업 제품으로 막대한 비용이 해외로 유출되는 실정이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 풍력 발전기건설 업무의 효율성과 투자 비용절감을 위한 사전 기상자원 측정 시스템을 제안한다. 사전 기상자원 측정 시스템은 기상탑의 기상 관측 데이터로거 H/W와 무선 브리지, 기상탑 주변의 풍향, 풍속, 온 습도, 일사량, 데이터로거의 전력 상태를 모니터링할 수 있며, 측정된 데이터를 분석할 수 있는 Wind Rose S/W로 구성된 무선 통신(Wifi)기반의 해양 기상자원 측정 데이터로거 및 분석 모니터링 시스템이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2001

Recently there have been increasing demands and desire for the urban open space due to urban development or environmental deterioration. Urban natural parks in Seoul provide citizens with comfortable open space and thus play an important role as learning spaces to experience nature and understand the environment. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze existing vegetation and provide basic data for the conservation and management plans of urban natural parks and education programs. The contents of the study encompass natural environment such as topography, altitude, slope and aspect and botanical ecosystem including the structure of plant communities and tree growth. According to the result of topography analysis, the overall altitude was not high but the slope was relative steep. Vegetation of Seoo Royal Tomb, a urban natural park has been classified into 12 types, and they include; Quercus acutissima community(lowland type), Quercus acutissima community(valley type), quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica community, Castanea crenata community, Capinus laxiflora community, Pinus densiflora community(lowland type), Pinus densiflora community(slope type), Robinia pseudo-acacia community, Populos$\times$albaglandulosa community, Pinus rigida community, and Pinus koraiensis community. Based on the survey and analysis results, we have classified the study area into conservation, buffer, and utilization zones for the effective management. This study provides basic data to support the establishment of master plans for urban natural parks by analyzing vegetation conditions at Seoo Royal Tomb, an urban natural park, Based on the results presented in the study, consistent monitoring work needs to be conducted, and elaborate management plans also should be prepared.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2017

Purpose: The smartphone is actively being used in many research fields, primarily in medical and diagnostic applications. However, there are cases in which smartphone-based systems have been developed for agriculture, environment, and food applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research cases using smartphone cameras in agriculture, environment, and food. Methods: This review introduces seventeen research cases which used smartphone cameras in agriculture, food, water, and soil applications. These were classified as systems involving "smartphone-camera-alone" and "smartphone camera with optical accessories". Results: Detecting food-borne pathogens, analyzing the quality of foods, monitoring water quality and safety, gathering information regarding plant growth or damage, identifying weeds, and measuring soil loss after rain were presented for the smartphone-camera-alone system. Measuring food and water quality and safety, phenotyping seeds, and soil classifications were presented for the smartphone camera with optical accessories. Conclusions: Smartphone cameras were applied in various areas for several purposes. The use of smartphone cameras has advantages regarding high-resolution imaging, manual or auto exposure and focus control, ease of use, portability, image storage, and most importantly, programmability. The studies discussed were achieved by sensitivity improvements of CCDs (charge-coupled devices) and CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) on smartphone cameras and improved computing power of the smartphone, respectively. A smartphone camera-based system can be used with ease, low cost, in near-real-time, and on-site. This review article presents the applications and potential of the smartphone and the smartphone camera used for various purposes in agriculture, environment, and food.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.1056-1063
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• 2012

최근 나노기술의 급격한 발전은 산업 및 바이오의약 등 다양한 분야에 새로운 활용 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 나노물질을 이용한 나노소비재의 증가와 함께 환경으로의 나노물질 노출 가능성이 제기되고 있으며, 최근 나노물질의 인체 및 환경 영향이 주요 현안으로 떠오르고 있다. 환경 중에 비의도적으로 노출된 나노물질은 다양한 환경 매질에 축적되고 언젠가는 우리들에게 재영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서, 환경 매질(대기, 수계, 토양)에 노출된 나노물질의 영향을 이해하기 위해서는 나노물질의 환경 내 거동을 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 나노물질의 환경 매질별 노출 사례를 조사하고, 향후 연구 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 작업장(실험실)에서는 주로 대기 노출이 지배적이지만, 환경중으로 노출될 경우 최종적으로 수계 및 토양으로 노출되는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 기존의 하수처리장 설비로는 완벽하게 나노물질을 제거하기가 어렵다는 것을 확인하여, 나노폐기물 처리에 관한 새로운 방법론 개발이 절실함을 확인하였다. 보다 다양하고 깊이있는 환경 노출 연구를 위해서는 현장 모니터링 장비의 개발이 필요함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이에 추가적으로 다양한 분석법을 제안하였다. 본 총설에서 정리한 나노물질의 환경 매질별 노출 사례 연구들은 향후 나노물질의 환경 거동 평가 및 나노폐기물의 적절한 처리방법 모색에 기본 자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2012

우리나라는 급격한 도시화 및 산업화를 통하여 토지의 효율적 활용과 하천의 공학적 이치수의 목적만을 위해 하천을 인공화 시켰으며, 더욱이 90년대 이후에는 교통량의 급격한 증가에 따라 개발이 유리한 하천을 복개하여 도로, 주차장 등으로 활용함으로서 하천생태계 파괴와 단절, 도시미관의 훼손 등 많은 문제점을 발생시켰다. 이 연구에서는 우리나라 지형 및 기후에 적합하며 하천의 생태복원 기능 및 자연형 하천의 조기형성 기능을 가지는 친환경 기능성 콘크리트의 개발을 위하여 친수환경 조성과 생태보존에 적합한 기능성 콘크리트의 물리역학적 성능평가 및 구조적 성능평가와 현장적용 성능으로서 식생능력을 평가하였다. 역학적 성능평가 결과, 보강용 PVA섬유 및 실리카퓸의 혼입률이 증가함에 따라 강도가 증가하였고 최적 혼입률은 PVA 섬유 0.05Vol.%, 실리카퓸 10%정도인 것으로 나타났다. 내동해성 평가에서는 PVA섬유 0.05Vol.% 및 실리카퓸 15%를 동시 혼입시 가장 우수한 성능을 발휘 하였다. 구조성능 평가 결과 휨강도가 Plain에 비하여 PVA섬유 0.05Vol% 혼입시 47.7% 강도향상효과를 나타내었고, 휨인성 역시 현저히 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 현장 적용성 평가를 위한 식생 모니터링 결과, 잔디류가 빨리 발아되었으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 봄철 발아식물인 개양귀비의 생육이 활발하였다. 식피율 측정 결과 모든 모니터링 지점에서 12주 후부터는 95% 이상의 우수한 식피율을 나타내어 친환경 기능성 콘크리트의 우수한 식생기능을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2023

Ecosystem observatories are burgeoning globally in an endeavour to detect national and global scale trends in the state of biodiversity and ecosystems in an era of rapid environmental change. In this paper we highlight the additional importance of regional scale outcomes of such infrastructure, through an introduction to the Great Western Woodlands TERN (Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network) SuperSite, and key findings from three gradient plot networks that are part of this infrastructure. The SuperSite was established in 2012 in the 160,000 km² Great Western Woodlands region, in a collaboration involving 12 organisations. This region is globally significant for its largely intact, diverse landscapes, including the world's largest Mediterranean-climate woodlands and highly diverse sandplain shrublands. The dominant woodland eucalypts are fire-sensitive, requiring hundreds of years to regrow after fire. Old-growth woodlands are highly valued by Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities, and managing impacts of climate change and the increasing extent of intense fires are key regional management challenges. Like other TERN SuperSites, the Great Western Woodlands TERN SuperSite includes a core eddy-covariance flux tower measuring exchanges of carbon, water and energy between the vegetation and atmosphere, along with additional environmental and biodiversity monitoring around the tower. The broader SuperSite incorporates three gradient plot networks. Two of these represent aridity gradients, in sandplains and woodlands, informing regional climate adaptation and biodiversity management by characterising biodiversity turnover along spatial climate gradients and acting as sentinels for ecosystem change over time. For example, the sandplains transect has demonstrated extremely high spatial turnover rates in plant species, that challenge traditional approaches to biodiversity conservation. The third gradient plot network represents a 400-year fire-age gradient in Eucalyptus salubris woodlands. It has enabled characterisation of post-fire recovery of vegetation, birds and invertebrates over multi-century timeframes, and provided tools that are directly informing management to reduce stand-replacing fires in eucalypt woodlands. By building regional partnerships and applying globally or nationally consistent methodologies to regional scale questions, ecological observatories have the power not only to detect national and global scale trends in biodiversity and ecosystems, but to directly inform environmental decisions that are critical at regional scales.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

이 연구는 독일 베를린에 조성된 예술정원 작품인 「Das Dritte Land(제3의 자연)」를 사례로 한반도 자생식물을 이용한 해외에 정원을 조성하는 기법을 고찰한 연구이다. 한국의 정원 작가들이 세계에서 인정받고 있고, 한국정원의 세계화를 계획하고 있는 가운데, 한국의 정원가가 활동력을 넓혀갈 수 있는 현실적인 정보를 공유하고, 한반도 자생식물의 활용과 가치를 재발견하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 작품은 베를린 장벽 붕괴 30주년을 기념하는 기획사업의 일환으로 시작되었다. 인왕제색도를 모티브로 우리나라의 산수화적 풍경을 구현하고자 백두대간의 지리적 형태를 검은 기암괴석으로 재현하고, 한반도의 자생화를 베를린으로 가져가 정원을 조성했다. 분단 이후 통합될 수 없는 한반도에 생물군들이 어우러져 만개하는 초현실적 바이오톱(biotope) 유토피아(utopia)이다. 본 연구는 남과 북의 화합과 어우러짐의 상징 주체인 한반도의 자생화를 대상으로, 식물 조사 분석, 운반 및 안정화, 식재계획, 조성, 모니터링의 일련의 과정을 고찰하였다. 한반도 자생식물이 해외의 정원에서 해석되는 의미는 한반도의 생태계를 하나로 묶는 메시지로 작용하였다. 독일의 분단 경계지에서 한반도의 어린식물이 뿌리내리고 꽃을 피우고 씨앗이 번져가는 과정은 한반도 통일의 염원을 은유적으로 전달한다. 정원 공간에서 이루어지는 다양한 예술 프로그램들은 남북의 문화적인 대화와 소통의 기반을 만들어가고 있음을 시사한다. 또한 해외에 정원을 조성하는 과정을 통해 얻을 수 있는 시사점은 식물 연구 기관의 협조가 식물의 이송과 생명유지에 중요한 역할을 했다는 것과 한국정원가의 해외 진출은 우리나라 정원 문화의 확산에 중요한 역할을 한다.