• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2016

In this study, ash free coals(AFCs) were produced with lignite and anthracite coals in a microwave. The AFCs were analyzed with proximate analysis, fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The extraction yields of the AFCs were 16.4 wt%, 7.6 wt% at lignite and anthracite coal, respectively. The chemical and physical properties of the AFCs were similar regardless of the original coal types. Oxidation behavior of the AFCs was investigated by supplying a mixture of 3g of AFC and 3g of electrolyte into the coin-type molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). For the evaluation of AFC fuel performance, electrochemical analysis of the steady-state polarization and step-chronopotentiometry were conducted based on the standard hydrogen fuel (69 mol% $H_2$, 17 mol% $CO_2$, 14 mol% $H_2O$). The AFCs showed similar electrochemical oxidation behaviors regardless of the original coal types. The overvoltage of the AFCs was larger than the hydrogen fuel, although OCV of the AFCs was higher.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권7호
• /
• pp.2939-2944
• /
• 2011

용융탄산염형 연료전지 시스템의 성능 향상을 위해 핵심 부분인 스택을 수치적으로 모사할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 스택은 다양한 재질, 즉 금속, 세라믹, 폴리머 등으로 이루어져 있고 또한 단위전지 수백 장이 적층되어 제작되기 때문에 이를 전부 세세히 모델링하여 고려하는 것은 거의 불가능하다. 이에 따라 스택 전체를 하나의 균질한 물질로 대체할 수 있는 균질 물성치 도출이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 단위전지 압축률을 도입하고 모든 압축 변형이 분리판과 매트릭스에서만 일어난다는 등의 몇 가지 기본 가정 하에서 스택의 두 가지 영역, 즉 활성 영역과 매니폴드 영역에서 각각 균질 물성치를 추정하였다. 추정된 물성치를 실제 문제에 적용하여 성공적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제31권10호
• /
• pp.576-581
• /
• 2021

To improve the shortcomings and expand the advantages of the single-roll melt drag method, which is a type of continuous strip casting method, the melt drag method with a molding belt is applied to AZ31 magnesium alloy. By attaching the forming belt to the melt drag method, the cooling condition of the thin plate is improved, making it possible to manufacture thin plates even at high roll speed of 100 m/min or more. In addition, it is very effective for continuous production of thin plates to suppress oxidation of the molten metal on the roll contact surface by selecting the protective gas. As a result of investigating the relationship between the contact time between the molten metal and the roll and the thickness of the sheet, it is possible to estimate the thickness of the sheet from the experimental conditions. The relationship between the thin plate thickness and the grain size is one in which the thinner the thin plate is, the faster the cooling rate of the thin plate is, resulting in finer grain size. The contact state between the molten metal and the roll greatly affects the grain size, and the minimum average grain size is 72 ㎛. The thin plate produced using this experimental equipment can be rolled, and the rolled sample has no large cracks. The tensile test results show a tensile strength of 303 MPa.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권10호
• /
• pp.1361-1369
• /
• 2003

Design performance of hybrid power generation systems, comprised of a gas turbine and an atmospheric pressure molten carbonate fuel cell, has been analyzed. Two different configurations were analyzed and performances were compared. A reference calculation was performed for the design condition of a system under development and simulated results agreed well with the published data. Performances were analyzed in terms of main design parameters including turbine inlet temperature, operating temperature of the fuel cell and pressure ratio. Also examined were the effects of fuel utilization factor and heat exchanger effectiveness. It was found that the relationship between the turbine inlet temperature and the fuel cell temperature should be critically examined to evaluate achievable design performance. Considering current state of the art technologies, a system with the combustor located before the turbine could achieve higher efficiency and specific power than the other system with the combustor located after the turbine.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1
• /
• pp.157-159
• /
• 2001

The molten carbonate fuel cell has conspicuous feature and high potential in being used as an energy converter of various fuel to electricity and heat. However, the MCFC which use strongly corrosive molten carbonate at $650^{\circ}C$ have many problem. Systematic investigation on corrosion behavior of Fe/20Cr/Ti alloys has been done in (62+38)mol% (Li+K)C03 melt at 923K by using steady state polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. And, The research and development for the solid oxide fuel cell have been promoted rapidly and extensively in recent years, because of their high efficiency and future potential. Therefore this paper describes the manufacturing method and characteristics of anode electrode for SOFC, by the way, Ni-YSZ materials are used as anode of SOFC widely. So in this experiments, we investigated the optimum content of Ni, by the impedance characteristics, overvoltage. As a result, the performance of Ni-YSZ anode(40vol%) was better excellent than the others.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.97-97
• /
• 1999

Dross formation in the zinc bath is inevitable under any condition as long as coating process on steel strip continues. Thus, bath aluminum and temperature are precisely managed to suppress the increase of dross. Also, excessive dross for normal coating process is generally eliminated physically by bubbling and skimming. Total amount of dross in the bath can be sometimes high enough to cause coating defect. On the other hand, local concentration of dross can make coating defect even with satisfactory level of total amount of dross. Reduction of dross in the bath was attempted by using ceramic foam filter made of mainly alumina. Dross in molten zinc was almost reduced to the levels of solubility of iron and aluminum in molten zinc at $450~460^{\circ}C$. Their solubility levels were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations or DEAL program. Two kinds of filters were tested for dross reduction. One was #20 ppi, porous per inch, and the other #30 ppi filter. Both were effective in reducing the bath dross to the solubility levels at the static state. Bath iron was reduced by 24 wt% and 19 wt% with #20 filter, and by 35 wt% and 29 wt% with #30 filter for GI and GA pot, respectively. Also, ceramic foam filter did not make any harm to the zinc bath composition after filtering test.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2006

Anodic overpotential has been investigated with gas composition changes in a $100cm^2$ class molten carbonate fuel cell. The overpotential was measured with steady state polarization, reactant gas addition (RA), inert gas step addition (ISA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods at different anodic inlet gas compositions, i.e., $H_2:CO_2:H_2O=0.69:0.17:0.14\;atm\;and\;H_2:CO_2:H_2O=0.33:0.33:0.33\;atm$, at a fixed $H_2$ flow rate. The results demonstrate that the anodic overpotential decreases with increasing $CO_2\;and\;H_2O$ flow rates, indicating the anode reaction is a gas-phase mass-transfer control process of the reactant species, $H_2,\;CO_2,\;and\;H_2O$. It was also found that the mass-transfer resistance due to the $H_2$ species slightly increases at higher $CO_2\;and\;H_2O$ flow rates. EIS showed reduction of the lower frequency semi-circle with increasing $H_2O\;and\;CO_2$ flow rate without affecting the high frequency semi-circle.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.913-924
• /
• 2011

A steady-state analysis has been conducted to predict the behavior of the slag layer in the entrained-flow slagging coal gasifier. The analysis takes into consideration the composition dependent slag properties such as density, viscosity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and temperature of critical viscosity. The amount of added flux to the design coal and the variation of syngas temperature inside the gasifier have been adopted as calculation parameters. The predicted results are the local thickness of the molten and the solid slag layers, and the slag viscosity and the velocity distribution across the molten slag layer along the gasifier wall near the slag tap.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권5호
• /
• pp.1560-1569
• /
• 2022

Liquid fueled molten salt reactors (MSRs) have seen renewed interest because of their inherent safety features, higher thermal efficiency and potential for efficient thorium utilisation for power generation. Thorium fluoride is one of the salts used in liquid fueled MSRs employing Th-U cycle. In the present study, ThF₄ was prepared by hydro-fluorination of ThO₂ using anhydrous HF gas. Process parameters viz. bed depth, hydrofluorination time and hydrofluorination temperature, were optimized for the preparation of ThF₄ in a static bed reactor setup. The products were characterized with X-Ray diffraction and experimental conditions for complete conversion to ThF₄ were established which also corroborated with the yield values. Hydrofluorination of ThO₂ at 450 ℃ for half an hour at a bed depth of 6 mm gave the best result, with a yield of about 99.36% ThF₄. No unconverted oxide or any other impurity was observed. Rietveld refinement was performed on the XRD data of this ThF₄, and Chi2 value of 3.54 indicated good agreement between observed and calculated profiles.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제48권6호
• /
• pp.1321-1329
• /
• 2016

To get an insight into the operating characteristics of the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactors, a two-phase natural circulation test facility was constructed. The system consists of a boiling loop absorbing the heat from the drain tank, a condensing loop consuming the heat, and a steam drum. A steady-state experiment was carried out, in which the thimble temperature ranged from $450^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$ and the system pressure was controlled at levels below 150 kPa. When reaching a steady state, the system was operated under saturated conditions. Some important parameters, including heat power, system resistance, and water level in the steam drum and water tank were investigated. The experimental results showed that the natural circulation system is feasible in removing the decay heat, even though some fluctuations may occur in the operation. The uneven temperature distribution in the water tank may be inevitable because convection occurs on the outside of the condensing tube besides boiling with decreasing the decay power. The instabilities in the natural circulation loop are sensitive to heat flux and system resistance rather than the water level in the steam drum and water tank. RELAP5 code shows reasonable results compared with experimental data.