• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.770-780
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effect of chitosan and NOCC from different sources and of different molecular weights on lipid metabolism. Sprague-Dawley rats were blocked into 26 groups according to body weight, and were raised for 4 weeks. Cadmium chloride was given at the level of 0 or 400 ppm in diet. Various chitosan and NOCC sources were given at the level of 0%(w/w) of diet. Total serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride concentrations were little affected by chitosan and NOCC supplements. However, HDL-cholesterol concentration and HDL : total cholesterol ratio were increased , and liver lipid, cholesterol , and triglyceride concentration were decreased by chitosan and NOCC supplements. The cholesterol and lipid lowering activity depends on fiber sources(crab and shrimp); type (chitosan and NOCC); and molecular weight(low , medium , and high). Among cadmium-free groups, chitosan-fed groups showed greater activity than NOCC -fed groups in lowering cholesterol and lipid levels, and greater fecal excretion of lipids and bile acids. Crab chitosans were more effective in cholesterol and lipid lowering activity than shrimp chitosans. The group fed high molecular weight crab chitosan showed the highest fecal excretion of lipids and bile acids. This indicated that high molecular weight crab chitosan was most effective in interfering with cholesterol and lipid absorption.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.3001-3004
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• 2014

A series of hydroxyl-derivatized quaternized polymers were successfully synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azide and alkynes (click chemistry), followed by quaternization reactions. ATRP was employed to synthesize poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), followed by introduction of alkyne groups using pentynoic acid, leading to HEMA-Alkyne. 2-Azido-1-ethanol and 3-azido-1-propanol were combined with the HEMA-Alkyne backbone via click reaction, resulting in triazole-ring containing hydroxyl-derivatized polymers. Quaternization reactions with methyl iodide were conducted on the triazole ring of each polymer. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and the degree of quaternization (DQ) were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. The average molecular weight ($M_n$) of the resulting polymers ranged from $5.9{\times}10^4$ to $1.05{\times}10^5g/mol$ depending on the molecular architecture. The molecular weight distribution was low ($M_w/M_n$ = 1.26-1.38). The transmission spectra of the 0.1 wt % aqueous solutions of the resulting quaternized polymers at 650 nm were measured as a function of temperature. Results showed that the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) could be finely controlled by the level of DQ.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2002

Two aspartate aminoransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) isoenzymes (AAT-1 and AAT-2) from Lupinus albus L. cv Estoril were separated, purified, and characterized. The molecular weight, pI value, optimum pH, optimum temperature, and thermodynamic parameters for thermal inactivation of both isoenzymes were obtained. Studies of the kinetic mechanism, and the kinetics of product inhibition and high substrate concentration inhibition, were performed. The effect of some divalent ions and irreversible inhibitors on both AAT isoenzymes was also studied. Native PAGE showed a higher molecular weight for AAT-2 compared with AAT-1. AAT-1 appears to be more anionic than AAT-2, which was suggested by the anion exchange chromatography. SDS-PAGE showed a similar sub-unit molecular weight for both isoenzymes. The optimum pH (between 8,0 and 9.0) and temperature ($60-65^{\circ}C$) were similar for both isoenzymes. In the temperature range of $45-65^{\circ}C$, AAT-2 has higher thermostability than AAT-1. Both isoenzymes showed a high affinity for keto-acid substrates, as well as a higher affinity to aspartate than glutamate. Manganese ions induced an increase in both AAT isoenzymes activities, but no cooperative effect was detected. Among the inhibitors tested, hydroxylamine affected both isoenzymes activity by an irreversible inhibition mechanism.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2004

The rejection properties of 6 aromatic pesticides were evaluated by a continuous flow system equipped with a hollow fiber NF membrane. Different from the separation experiment of batch cell, the rejection and the removal could be calculated exactly because the concentration of feed, permeate and retentate was separately obtained. The lowest and the highest rejection were found in carbaryl(54.8%) and methoxychlor(99.2%), respectively, and the removals were always shown higher than rejections. This may be caused by some reasons such as the solute adsorption on the membrane, the variation of feed concentration. Although molecular weight, molecular width regarded as solute characteristics and log P(n-octanol/water partition coefficient) as hydrophobicity could be applied to explain the rejection property, these factors should be considered together for better analysis. According to the higher relationship between log B(solute permeability) and molecular weight, it was revealed that the solute separation with this membrane was influenced more by molecular weight.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

N-Vinylcarbazole (VCZ) was solution-polymerized in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25, 35, and $45^{\circ}C$ using a room temperature initiator, 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (ADMVN); the effects of amount of solvent, polymerization temperature, and initiator concentration were investigated. On the whole, the experimental results corresponded to predicted ones. Room polymerization temperature using ADMVN proved to be successful in obtaining poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVCZ) of high molecular weight with small temperature rise during polymerization, nevertheless of free radical polymerization by azoinitiator. The polymerization rate of VCZ in THF was proportional to the 0.47 power of ADMVN concentration. The molecular weight was higher and the molecular weight distribution was narrower with PVCZ polymerized at lower temperatures. For PVCZ prepared in THF at $25^{\circ}C$ using ADMVN concentration of 0.00005 mol/mol of VCZ, weight-average molecular weight of 221,000 was obtained, with polydispersity index of 2.05, and degree of lightness converged to about 99%.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.352-356
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of gamma irradiation for sterilization on poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) with different molecular weight and the effect of gamma irradiation on the release behavior of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, carmustine) from PLGA wafer with various irradiation doses. The effect of gamma irradiation on PLGA was evaluated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The weight average molecular weight (M$_{w}$) and glass transition temperature (T$_{g}$) of PLGA decreased after gamma irradiation. The extent of M$_{w}$ reduction was dependent on irradiation dose and PLGA molecular weight. Using EPR spectroscopy, we successfully detected gamma irradiation induced free radicals in PLGA. The gamma irradiation increased the release rate of BCNU from PLGA wafer at applied irradiation doses except 2.5 Mrad of irradiation dose in this study.study.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.761-766
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• 1999

본 연구는 고압하에서 폴리에틸렌($M_w=700,\;1000$ 및 2000)/부탄(butane)과 폴리에틸렌($M_w=700,\;1000$ 및 2000)/디메틸 에테르(dimethyl ether)계에 대한 상거동 실험을 수행하였다. 폴리에틸렌/부탄계는 $M_w=700,\;1000$ 및 2000의 각 중량분자량에 대해 농도를 증가시키면서 압력-온도관계를 나타내었다. 각 중량분자량의 농도가 증가함에 따라 온도와 압력이 증가하다 농도가 약 16 wt % 이상에서 압력이 감소함을 보였다. 또한 각 분자량에 대해 폴리에틸렌의 양을 약 5 wt % 첨가하여 상거동을 압력-온도관계로 나타내었으며, $M_w=700,\;1000$ 및 2000으로 분자량이 증가함에 따라 압력이 증가함을 보였다. 폴리에틸렌/디메틸 에테르계는 각각의 분자량에 따라 상거동을 나타내었으며, 온도 약 $120{\sim}220^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 압력 40~290 bar 범위로 나타났다. 폴리에틸렌/디메틸 에테르계의 압력-온도관계는 폴리에틸렌의 분자량이 증가함에 따라 온도와 압력도 증가하였으며, 각 분자량에 따른 압력차는 60 bar 정도로 나타났다. 또한 각 분자량에 따라 약 5 wt % 일정량의 폴리에틸렌에 대한 폴리에틸렌/부탄과 폴리에틸렌/디메틸에테르계를 비교한 결과 압력차는 약 $25(M_w=700)$, 약 $90(M_w=1000)$ 및 약 100 bar($M_w=2000$)의 간격으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2004

양식넙치의 세균성 질병의 원인균주인 Vibrio sp., Edwardsiella tarda 및 Streptococcus sp.를 제주산 양식 넙치로부터 직접 분리하였으며, 이들 세균에 대하여 키토산 및 분자량 크기에 따라 분획된 3종류의 키토산올리고당(HMW-COS, MMW-COS, LMW-COS)의 항균활성을 검토하였다. 키토산과 HMW-COS는 모든 세균에 대한 항균활성이 우수하였으며, 특히 Vibrio sp.과 Sfreptococcus sp.에 대해서 높은 항균활성을 나타내었다. 이들에 대한 결과는 키토산의 항균활성은 분자량에 따라 크게 의존한다는 사실을 보여주었다 E.tarda에 대한 키토산 및 HMW-COS의 항균활성은 처리시간을 증가시킴으로써 항균활성이 증가함을 보였으며, 이들의 항균기 작을 조사하기 위 한 SEM의 관찰에서, 세균들은 키토산에 의해 응집되어 서로 엉켜있는 형태를 보여주고 있었다. 이러한 현상은 키토산 및 HMW-COS가 세균의 증식을 명확하게 억제하고 있음을 보여주는 증거라 할 수 있다. 이것은 지금까지 여러 보고에서 밝혀진 키토산의 항균활성 메카니즘과 일치하는 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 2003년도 The Korea-Japan Joint Symposium
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• pp.63-64
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• 2003

As a part of a research on the development of polymeric textile finishing agents, polymerization of low molecular weight copolymers containing maleic anhydride residues have been studied. In order to obtain low molecular weight poly(maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate) copolymers, the feed ratio of the two monomers and the concentrations of initiator and chain transfer agent were varied in the copolymerization. The copolymers were characterized using GPC, NMR, FTIR, DSC, and TGA. Copolymers with molecular weights in the range 2,150 to 6,630 have been prepared and characterized. The hydrolysis of the anhydride groups of the copolymer in water is also discussed.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2014

Larger proteins (above molecular weight 50 kDa) usually show slow motional tumbling in solution, which facilitates the decay of NMR signal, resulting in poor signal-to-noise. In the past twenty years, researchers have tried to overcome this problem with higher molecular weight by improvement of hardware (higher magnetic field and cryoprobe), optimization of pulse sequences for lager molecules, and development of isotope-labeling techniques. Actually, GroEL/ES complex (${\approx}$ 900 kDa) was successfully studied using combination of above techniques. Among the techniques used in large molecular studies, the impact of isotope-labeling for large molecules study is summarized and discussed here.