• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.222-229
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• 2016

Corni fructus is often distributed or processed in the form of dried fruit. However, Corni fructus is hard to develop due to its distinctive sour, bitter, and astringent taste. The aim of this study was to develop a puree to broaden the utilization of fresh Corni fructus. Manufacturing and quality characteristics of Sansuyu jam made from puree were investigated. Seeded Corni fructus pulp consisted of 20 to 26% whole fruit. The moisture and sugar contents of pulp were 52~63% and $15{\sim}31^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. Sterilized distilled water was added to seeded pulp to achieve a constant solids content in the puree. As the pectin content was low as $0.14{\pm}0.01%$, gelling agent was added to produce jam. The moisture content of the puree increased to 83~88%. The sugar content was reduced to $10^{\circ}Brix$. There was no significant difference in pH. DPPH radical scavenging activities of the puree according to ripening rate at a concentration of 100 ppm were 47.92% and 50.96%, respectively. The preference degree was $5.03{\pm}0.97$ at a ripening ratio of 50:50, 2% pectin, and 0.2% carrageenan. These results imply that Corni fructus pulp puree may be appropriate for development as a natural food product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.386-391
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate change of quality characteristics on traditional dried Persimmons from Sangju varity regions (sun-dried, Namjang and Bokryong). Moisture contents on drying were decreased and constant at from 7th to 14th days drying periods and its periods were recognized to constructing second peel of dried persimmons. Constructed second peel were affected on quality characteristics of traditional dried Persimmons. Also, in case of semi-dried persimmons were processed at 45∼55% level of moisture content. Final products of semi -dried persimmons were estimated in 25th from initial drying periods. Changes of water activity were increased reducing speed at time of water content decreased, second feel constructing during drying persimmons were introduced to decreasing of water activity. Weights of dried Persimmons were quickly decreased in 21th drying periods and slowly decreased after that time. Weight changing and water evaporation of dried persimmons at the Namjang and Bokryong were slowy decreased and controled after 7∼14th in periods of constructing second feel of dried persimmons. Change of brix in dried persimmons have had in 18∼27% value at initial drying periods and quickly increased after 7∼14th in drying periods and have in high value of 40∼50% at 21th drying periods. At the texture of dried persimmons, hardness were decresed after 7∼14th in periods and effected on decreasing of water content, increasing of drying times. Sensory score of dried persimmons were highest score of color, sweetness and texture at dried persimmons of Namjang. Score of astringency, sourness and mold smell were highest at dried persimmons of Bokryong. Value of highest overall acceptance score was at dried Persimmons of Namjang.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1981

with the chemical equilibrium formula by Hailwood and Horrobin, $$m=a{\cdot}((k_1k_2h)(1+k_1k_2h)^{-1}+(k_2h)_n-k_2h)^{-1})$$, based on absorption theory, monthly equilibrium moisture content(EMC) variations in southern Korea were predicted. The results were as follows: $$k_1=47370272{\cdot}10^{-7}+477345{\cdot}10^{-7}t-502775{\cdot}10^{-8}t^2$$ $$k_2=705940864{\cdot}10^{-9}+16979472{\cdot}10^{-10}t-555336{\cdot}10^{-11}t^2$$ $$w=2233848{\cdot}10^{-4}+694242{\cdot}10^{-6}+185328{\cdot}10^{-7}t^2$$ Here, it is temperature degrees in Celsius, k is the equilibria between hydrate water and dissolved water, k is the equilibria between dissolved water and the water vapour pressure surrounding atmosphere, w is the molecular weight of the polymer unit that forms the hydrate, h is the relative vapour pressure, And the formula was well agreed with the data when the constant values ${\alpha}$ were given to be 2200 in January, February, October, November and December, 1850 in March, April and May, 1920 June, July, August, and September seasonally.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.16-25
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• 1984

The sericin fixation of silk fabrics by epoxy resins was studied in the presence of aqueous salt solution in different solvents at the indicated temperature for the desired time. Heavy weight gains were obtained in the reaction with glycerol diglycidyl ether (EX-313) and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EX-810) catalyzed by potassium thiocyanate in such solvents as carbon tetrachloride and p-chloroethylene. The obtained results were summarized as follows; 1) The tested resins were found similar in reaction behavior to silk fabric. The effect of fixation and weight gains was higher in EX-810 than EX-313. 2) The weight gains were increased with reaction time and temperature, and degumming ratio reached a constant value in 90 min at 70$^{\circ}C$. 3) The weight gains and the degumming ratio reached an equilibrium at 3-5% of epoxy concentration. 4) The weight gains were remarkably influenced and increased by the concentration of salt solution. The degumming ratio reached an equilibrium over 0.5N concentration of salt. 5) The weight gains were increased with the dipping time in gently-sloping. The degumming ratio reached an equilibrium over 15 min dipping. 6) The effect of sericin fixation of hydrophobic solvents, such as Carbon Tetrachloride, p-Chloroeth-ylene, Cyclohexane, Xylene and Toluene, was found suitable. 7) The effect of drying temperature was not remarkable on the weight gains and the degumming ratio. 8) There was a slight decrease in the moisture regain of sericin-fixed silk and it may be possible to maintain the moisture regain in the sericin-fixed silk by the epoxy resins. 9) The results on testing physical properties of sericin-fixed silk fabric were as follows; The crease recovery was almost not different from undegummed fabric, but inferior to degummed fabric. The tensile strength was improving in accordance with the effect of sericin fixation, either the elongation did.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.641-651
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• 2019

This study investigates three buildings arranged alongside at the same level, namely, the Josadang, the Buljojeon, and the Palsangjeon. Their backside is blocked by an embankment with an environmental condition unsuitable for wooden buildings. The pillar behind the Josadang had termite damage for which termite damage and environmental investigations had been conducted for the past four years. The termite damage was monitored four times using the termite detection dogs, and the environmental factors were surveyed 27 times, except during the winter season. As a result, the locations of the columns with a high frequency of responses from the termite detection dogs were found and damage was confirmed. According to the surface moisture content investigations, the surface moisture content was highest in the Josadang and lowest in the Buljojeon. After a statistical analysis, the mean, the median, and the mode values were compared. The difference between the mean and the median was found to be less, however, the mode varied significantly. The mode values of the Josadang and the Palsangjeon were 14.5% and 10.8%, respectively, higher than the 6.1% mode value of the Buljojeon. It was concluded that the temperature and the water content affected the termite damage, which increases if the temperature and the water content remain constant owing to the environmental factors.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 1998

Proximate composition, cholesterol (CHOL) and $\alpha-tocopherol$ ($\alpha-Toc$) content of seventy-two species of fish muscle (sea water fish, 59 species; fresh water fish, 13 species), which caught off Tongyeong coast of the Southern Sea ( Nam-Hae) and caught Kyeongho river, Sancheong, Korea, were determined. Lipid content was ranked from $0.53\%$ to $20.4\%$ and was high in the following order; mid-surface dwelling and migratory fish ($6.09{\pm}4.25\%$) > fresh water fish ($4.40{\pm}5.90\%$) > coastal and reep dwelling fish ($3.41{\pm}2.68\%$) > demersal fish ($2.12{\pm}2.41\%$). There was a negative correlation between the lipid and moisture content in all fish groups (p< 0.001). Protein was approximately $17\~18\%$ in all fish group, and no correlation was between the protein and moisture content in all but the demersal fish, which there was a negative correlation between both contents. Ash content was almost constant in all fish, accounting for $1\~2\%$, Cholesterol (CHOL) content was shown a great difference according to the fish species from 6.7 mg/100 g muscle (grass fish) to 249 mg/100 g (eel) and there was a positive correlation between the lipid and CHOL content. $\alpha-Toc$ content was less than 3 mg/100 g muscle in all fish, except that of eel (4.1 mg/100 g) and was relatively rich in the fish species contained a large amount of lipid.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 2009

The 180 minutes fire test based on the standard curve of ISO-834 were conducted on three RC column specimens with different constant axial loading ratios to evaluate the fire performance of fiber cocktail (polypropylene+steel fiber) reinforced high strength concrete column. The columns were tested under three loading levels as 40%, 50%, and 61% of the design load. No explosive spalling has been observed and the original color of specimen surface has been changed to light pinkish grey. The maximum axial displacements of three specimens were 1.5~2.2 mm. There was no reduction in load bearing capacity of each specimen exposed to fire and no effect were observed on the fire performance within 61% of the design load. The tendencies of the results with loading, such as the temperature distribution of in concrete and the changes in temperature rise due to the water vaporization in concrete, are very similar to those without loading. The final temperatures of steel rebar after 180 minutes of fire test resulted in 491.4${^{\circ}C}$ for corner rebar, 329.0${^{\circ}C}$ for center rebar, and 409.8${^{\circ}C}$ for total mean of steel rebar. The difference of mean temperature between corner and center rebar was 153.7${^{\circ}C}$ㅍ. The tendency of temperature rise in concrete and steel rebar changed after 30~50 minutes from the starting time of the fire test because the heat energy influx into corner rebar is larger than that into center rebar. The cause of decrease in temperature rise was due to the water vaporization in concrete, the lower temperature gradient of the concrete with steel and polypropylene fiber cocktails, the moisture movement toward steel rebars and the moisture clogging.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1998

This study was conducted to obtain information on occurrance ecology of Aneilema keisak Hassk. and establish its effective control system in direct-seeded rice. Optimum germination temperature and storage temperature to break dormancy were $22^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. Optimum content of soil moisture for germination was 35%(w/w) in clay loam soil, where recorded 85% of germination rate. In the inter-specific competition between density of Aneilema keisak Hassk. and constant rice-mixed stands, the plant height and the tiller of rice were decreased with increase of density of Aneilema keisak Hassk. Among the herbicides tested, piperophos+dimethametryn(8.2+2.2 g ai/10a) GR and. pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+mefenacet(2.1 + 105 g ai/10g) GR were found to be effective for control of Aneilema keisak Hassk., having more herbicidal effect with an earlier application.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.90-96
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• 2014

The electrical resistivity of concrete can be related to two processes involved in corrosion of reinforcement: initiation (chloride penetration) and propagation (corrosion rate). The resisistivity of concrete structure exposed to chloride indicates the risk of early corrosion damage, because a low resistivity is related to rapid chloride penetration and to high corrosion rate. Concrete resistivity is a geometry-independent material property that describes the electrical resistance, which is the ratio between applied voltage and resulting current in a unit cell. In previous study, it was realized that the resistivity of concrete depended on the moisture content in the concrete, microstructural properties, and environmental attack such as carbonation. The current is carried by ions dissolved in the pore liquid. While some data exist on the relationship between moisture content on electrical resistivity of concrete, very little research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of chloride on the conduction of electricity through concrete. The purpose of this study is to examine and quantify the effect of chloride content on surface electrical resistivity measurement of concrete. It was obvious that chloride content had influenced the resistivity of concrete and the relationship showed a linear function. That is, concrete with chloride ions had a comparatively lower resistivity. Decreasing rate of resistivity of concrete was clear at early time, however, after 50 days resistivity was constant irrespective of chloride concentration. Conclusively, this paper suggested the quantitive solution to depict the electrical resistivity of concrete with chloride content.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.121-127
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• 2011

In this study, possible use of indigenous natural loess (Hwangtoh) as a new binding material via geopolymerization process is examined. Hwangtoh pastes with four different mix proportions of varying alkali liquid concentrations (6 M, 8 M) and the constituents of the binder as well as the alkali liquid at a constant liquid-to-binder ratio of 0.55 were prepared. Analysis of the natural loess (Hwangtoh) paste was carried out as follows : 1) Measurement of compressive strength and weight of cubic specimens versus curing time; 2) Analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) about reaction product; 3) Porosity analysis of hardened Hwangtoh paste. The result showed that it is possible to prepare Hwangtoh paste with 29.1 MPa at the age of 7 day by using alkali solution (made as 1 : 4.5 the mass ratio of liquefied $Na_2SiO_3$ and NaOH solution and applying the curing temperature of $60^{\circ}C$). Compressive strength development with respect to the degree of moisture evaporation from the paste seems to be independent of curing temperature. Therefore, it seems that higher early strength of the paste specimens cured at higher temperature can be attributed to both higher rate of reaction and moisture evaporation.