• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.58-65
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• 1995

The possibilities of the estimation of the moisture content(MC) for sitka-spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) by measuring density have been investigated. The method is based on the relationships between the wood density and moisture content of wood expressed by Equations (8)~(9). The purpose of this study is examining the estimation of the moisture content of wood by density and the variation of moisture content with annual ring width of wood. The following conclusions were obtained; 1. This method is very convenience because of the average moisture content of wood can be obtained by a simple estimation. This estimation can be made from the easy measurement of the weight and volume of wood. 2. Coefficient of determination between the experimental MCs and theoretical MCs which is calculated by the oven-dry densities of each specimens and Equations (8), (9) is 0.98. This Correlation is very remarkable. Therefore the model Equations on the estimation of moisture content by wood density was available. 3. Relationship between experimental MCs and theoretical MCs which is estimated by average oven-dry density of total specimens showed positive correlation(Fig.2). But from the Fig.4. we can concluded that the number of specimens is two groups. This phenomenon is considered that the variation of MC by the annual ring width from the specimens' observations. Consequently, the MCs of wood by density, is likely to be successful method. can be estimate using by the average oven-dry densities divided with the annual ring widths of wood.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.753-758
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• 2016

Moisture content influences physiological characteristics of microbes and physical structure of solid matrices during composting of animal manure. If moisture content is maintained at a proper level, aerobic microorganisms show more active oxygen consumption during composting due to increased microbial activity. In this study, optimum moisture levels for composting of two bedding materials (sawdust, rice hull) and two different mixtures of bedding and beef manure (BS, Beef cattle manure+sawdust; BR, Beef cattle manure+rice hull) were determined based on oxygen uptake rate measured by a pressure sensor method. A broad range of oxygen uptake rates (0.3 to 33.3 mg $O_2/g$ VS d) were monitored as a function of moisture level and composting feedstock type. The maximum oxygen consumption of each material was observed near the saturated condition, which ranged from 75% to 98% of water holding capacity. The optimum moisture content of BS and BR were 70% and 57% on a wet basis, respectively. Although BS's optimum moisture content was near saturated state, its free air space kept a favorable level (above 30%) for aerobic composting due to the sawdust's coarse particle size and bulking effect.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.411-425
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• 2022

Semi-dried restructured sausages are restructured meat products with a high nutritional and economic value. However, excessively long drying times can have negative effects on the energy consumption, texture, and sensory properties of semi-dried restructured sausages. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different water contents on the drying and physicochemical characteristics of semi-dried restructured sausages. Sausages were prepared with different initial moisture contents (0%-50%) and drying time (0-580 min). The drying characteristics, including the drying rate, effective moisture diffusivity, and water activity of sausage were significantly improved as the initial moisture content was increased. When the initial moisture content of the sausage was 50%, physicochemical properties, such as color, porosity, shear force, and volatile basic nitrogen, were improved the most along with the decreased drying time. Scanning electron microscopy data showed greater porosity and pore size in sausages with the increase of initial moisture content. Collectively, our data suggest that an increase in the initial moisture content of semi-dried restructured sausages improves their drying characteristics and physicochemical properties.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2023

Forest fuel moisture content is a crucial factor influencing the combustion rate and fuel consumption during forest fires, significantly impacting the occurrence and spread of wildfires. In this study, meteorological data were gathered using a meteorological measuring device (HOBO data logger) installed in the south and north slopes of Kangwon National University Forest, as well as on bare land outside the forest, from November 1, 2021, to October 31, 2022. The objective was to analyze the relationship between meteorological data and fuel moisture content. Fuel moisture content from the ground cover on the south and north slopes was collected. Fallen leaves on the ground were utilized, with a focus on broad-leaved trees (Prunus serrulata, Quercus dentata, Quercus mongolica, and Castanea crenata) and coniferous trees (Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis), categorized by species. Additionally, correlation analysis with fuel moisture content was conducted using temperature (average, maximum, and minimum), humidity (average, minimum), illuminance (average, maximum, and minimum), and wind speed (average, maximum, and minimum) data collected by meteorological measuring devices in the study area. The results indicated a significant correlation between meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, illuminance, and wind speed, and the moisture content of fuels. Notably, exceptions were observed for the moisture content of the on the north slope and that of the ground cover of Prunus serrulata and Castanea crenata.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

The study was carried out to investigate water activity, physicochemical properties and color degree of burley tobacco stored in shelf with different moisture content for 56 days. The study was consist of two experimental designs, that is, moisture content in burley tobacco was kept to 13 to 15 %, 17 to 19 %, and 21 to 23 % under ambient temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ with relative humidity of 24 %, and another group of in burley tobacco was only kept in ambient temperature of $3^{\circ}C$ with relative humidity of 50 % for 56 days with same water content of former treatment. Normal leaves were kept for 56 days under 21 to 23% of moisture content with increased water activity and TSNA(tobacco-specific nitrosamine content. It was considered that favorable leaves conditions are due to favorable microbial growth resulting in increased TSNA content. The total nitrogen content has not changed in two experimental groups for 56 days, otherwise the nitrate form nitrogen and total alkaloid contents were only increased by 21 to 23 % of water content. Degree of pH change was slightly decreased in both storage and water treatment. It was more decreased in 21 to 23% of moisture content than that of other moisture content. In stored leaf tobacco, higher moisture content caused lower brightness, yellow degree, and carbonization quotient.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2007

The objective of this experiment was to study the influence of feed moisture content on the degree of enzymatic hydrolysis of com starch in a twin screw extruder and the saccharification yield of the dried extrudate. The feed moisture content was set at 25, 30, and 35% and ${\alpha}$-amylase solution was directly injected into the feed section at a barrel temperature of $95^{\circ}C$ and screw speed of 250 rpm. Amyloglucosidase was used for the saccharification of the dried extrudate at a concentration of 0.055%(w/w). Expansion ratio and swelling factor of extrudates decreased with increasing the feed moisture content. Addition of ${\alpha}$-amylase during extrusion process raised reducing sugar content of extrudates which also increased with the feed moisture content. The saccharification yield of dried extrudate was higher for the extrudate with lower feed moisture content.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2011

Objective : Facial embedding therapy is a korean medical treatment technique for face lifting. The authors aimed to evaluate the effects of embedding therapy on facial skin elasticity and moisture content. This paper was written to provide objective datas about Facial embedding therapy. Results : Mean elasticity of both $ST_3$ increased after facial embedding therapy. skin elasticity of both $ST_3$ showed significant improvement. Mean moisture content of both $ST_3$ increased after facial embedding therapy. skin moisture content of both $ST_3$ showed significant improvement. Conclusion : Mean elasticity and moisture content of both $ST_3$ increased after facial embedding therapy. Facial embedding therapy may be an effictive treatment for improving elasticity and moisture content of skin in clinic.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2019

Twenty crossbred (Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace) gestating sows were used to determine the effects of Moringa Oleifera leaf (MOL) supplementation in lactating sow diets with or without banana peel powder (BPP) on reproductive performance, fecal moisture content, rectal temperature and hormone profile. The treatments were as follows: 1) CON (control diet), 2) M1 (control diet + 0.5% MOL), 3) M2 (control diet + 1.0% MOL), 4) M3 (control diet + 0.75% MOL and 0.75% BPP), and 5) M4 (control diet + 1.5% MOL and 1.5% BPP). The diets was fed from da 107 of gestation to weaning. MOL and BPP supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the fecal moisture content compared with that of the CON at day 0 and 7 after farrowing, and 1.0% supplementation of MOL also decreased (p < 0.05) the fecal moisture content at day 14 after farrowing. On farrowing day, MOL supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the blood cortisol and norepinephrine concentrations compared with the CON. In conclusion, the results of this study show that MOL supplementation decreased the fecal moisture content and plasma concentrations of cortisol and norepinephrine, and MOL and BPP supplementation also decreased the fecal moisture content in lactating sows.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1994

The adsorption of water vapor and equilibrium moisture content(EMC) of the specimens for four softwood species dried by conventional- and high temperature method and equilibrated to 15% of the target EMC condition at 25$^{\circ}C$ were determined by oven drying method and with moisture meters. The amount of adsorption for high temperature dried red pine was significantly higher than that of conventional kiln dried wood, while those of eastern white pine, eastern hemlock and Norway spruce were not significantly different between drying methods. EMCs of these four species determined by oven drying method and with capacitive admittance moisture meter were not significantly different between drying methods. EMC of high temperature dried red pine determined with resistance moisture meter was significantly higher than that of conventional kiln dried wood. But EMCs of other species did not show significant difference between drying methods. EMCs of conventional and high-temperature dried wood determined with electronic moisture meters, especially in the case of the capacitive-admittance moisture meter measurement, were lower than that determined by oven drying method.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.64-72
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• 1993

Mechanical properties of 15 mm thick, three-layer particleboard were studied by varying resin content, specific gravity, mat moisture content, pressing time and pressing temperature. Based on the results of the study, Multiple regression models were developed to estimate the mechanical properties of three-layer particleboard. The results of this study showed the mechanical properties of particleboard were highly related with resin content. specific gravity and mat moisture content in decending order. The mechanical properties were able to estimated as the linear function of resin content and specific gravity. However, the effects of change in mat moisture content on the mechanical properties showed a non-linear pattern. The mechanical properties curves over mat moisture content reached peaks at 15 %, and then decreased at 18 % and 21 % of mat moisture contents. On the other hand, the effects of pressing time and pressing temperature on the mechanical properties of particleboard were not significant.