• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

In the energy-guzzling industries such as steel making and cement, power plants utilizing waste heat have been attracting attention to increase energy efficiency. However, the existing economic analysis system doesn't consider the special working fluids and the cost models of the main equipment used in the waste heat recovery power plant. So it is difficult to estimate the plant economics accurately. Therefore, It is required to develop a economic analysis module that can more accurately evaluate for the power plant. In this study, the systems engineering approach was used to design and develop the module that systematically reflects the characteristics of the power plant and various requirements. Specifically, first, the special working fluids and main equipment applied to the power plant were investigated. Next, the cost models for each equipment were developed. Finally, the economic analysis module based on this was developed.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.413-416
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• 1998

Sensitivity and calibration considerations are most important in the design and implementation of real control systems. Ideally parameter changes due to various causes should not appreciably affect the system's performances. But all the values of physical components of the plants and controllers as well as the relevant environmental conditions change in time, thus the output performance can be deteriorated during the operating span of the system. Naturally the duty of calibration or the prevention of performance deterioration due to excessive component sensitivity should be provided to the control system. In this paper, we propose a digital controller which has the capability of calibration and gain adjustment as well as the execution of control law. Specifically the problems of gain adjustment and offset calibration in the light source and CdS sensor module for position measurement in a flexible link system are considerably resolved. The parameters of measurement module are prone to change due to environmental brightness conditions resulting in poor steady state performance of the overall control system. Thus a proper method is necessary to provide correction to the changed values of gain and offset in the position measurement module. The proposed controller, whenever necessary, measures the open-loop characteristics, andthen calculates the offset and sensor gain correction values based on the prepared standard measurements. It is applied to the control of a flexible link system with the gain and offset calibration porblems in the light sensor module for position to show the applicability.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.212-218
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• 2000

The importance and role of pre-/in-service inspection(PSI/ISI) for nuclear power plant(NPP) components are intimately related to plant design, safety, reliability, operation, etc. In this paper, for an effective and efficient management of large amounts of PSI/ISI data in NPPs, an intelligent database program(WS-IDPIN) for PSI/ISI data management of NPP was developed. WS-IDPIN program enables the prompt extraction of previously conducted PSI/ISI conditions and results so that the time-consuming data management, painstaking data processing and analysis in the past are avoided. Furthermore, development of ISI UT auto flaw evaluation and acceptance module based on ASME Code Sec. XI were presented. This module can be used for any angle beam examination from flat plate to spherical shapes as selected by the proper azimuthal angle. This program can be further developed as a unique PSI/ISI data management expert system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1483-1490
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• 2021

Many studies are undertaken into nuclear power plants (NPPs) in preparation for accidents exceeding design standards. In this paper, we analyze the applicability of various wireless communication technologies as accident countermeasures in different NPP environments. In particular, a commercial wireless communication module (WCM) is investigated by measuring leakage current and packet error rate (PER), which vary depending on the intensity of incident radiation on the module, by testing at a Co-60 gamma-ray irradiation facility. The experimental results show that the WCMs continued to operate after total doses of 940 and 1097 Gy, with PERs of 3.6% and 0.8%, when exposed to irradiation dose rates of 185 and 486 Gy/h, respectively. In short, the lower irradiation dose rate decreased the performance of WCMs more than the higher dose rate. In experiments comparing the two communication protocols of request/response and one-way, the WCMs survived up to 997 and 1177 Gy, with PERs of 2% and 0%, respectively. Since the request/response protocol uses both the transmitter and the receiver, while the one-way protocol uses only the transmitter, then the electronic system on the side of the receiver is more vulnerable to radiation effects. From our experiments, the tested module is expected to be used for design-based accidents (DBAs) of "Category A" type, and has confirmed the possibility of using wireless communication systems in NPPs.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

This study was carried out to design, construct, and test a greenhouse monitoring system fur the environment and status of control devices in a greenhouse from a remote site using internet. The measuring items selected out of many environmental factors were temperature, humidity, solar radiation, CO$_2$, SOx, NOx concentration, EC, pH of nutrient solution, the state of control devices, and the image of greenhouse. The developed greenhouse monitoring system was composed of the network system and the measuring module. The network system consists of the three kinds of monitors named the Croup Monitor. the Client Monitor and the Server Monitor. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. The measuring module named the House Monitor. which is used to watch the state of the control device and the environment of the greenhouse, was developed to a embedded monitoring module using one chip microprocessor 2. For all measuring items. the House Monitor showed a satisfactory accuracy within the range of ${\pm}$0.3%FS. The House Monitors were connected to the Croup Monitor by communication method of RS-485 type and could operate under power and communication fault condition within 10 hours. The Croup Monitor was developed to receive and display measurement data received from the House Monitors and to control the greenhouse environmental devices. 3. The images of the plants inside greenhouse were captured by PC camera and sent to the Group Monitor. The greenhouse manager was able to monitor the growth state of plants inside greenhouse without visiting individual greenhouses. 4. Remote monitoring the greenhouse environment and status of control devices was implemented in a client/server environment. The client monitor of the greenhouse manager at a remote site or other greenhouse manager was able to monitor the greenhouse environment and the state of control devices from the Server Monitor using internet.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 원자력 발전소에서 사용되는 디지털 모듈을 포함하는 캐비닛의 전자파 차폐효과를 외부 전파원과 내부 디지털 모듈의 배치 변화에 따라 분석하였다. 차폐효과를 분석하기 위해서 FEKO EM 시뮬레이션 툴을 사용하여 캐비닛과 모듈을 모델링하였으며, 캐비닛의 유무에 따른 전계값을 통해서 차폐효과 분포를 도출하였다. 차폐효과는 2.4 GHz 주파수에서 캐비닛에 대한 입사각, 편파 그리고 모듈의 간격에 따라 관찰하였다. 결과 검증을 위해 차폐효과 측정용 다이폴안테나를 설계 및 제작하고 이를 활용해 캐비닛의 차폐효과를 측정하였다. 결과에 따르면 캐비닛 구조는 입사되는 전파의 편파가 지면에 수평하고, 디지털 모듈간의 간격이 넓을 때 더 높은 차폐효과를 기대 할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

본 연구는 저토심 무관리형 옥상녹화시스템을 위한 토양배합이 세덤류 생육에 미치는 영향을 연구하여 생육 적정성 토양배합을 파악하고자 하였다. 식생모듈박스를 이용하여 토심 7cm, 5종 토양배합비가 있어 2010년 12월부터 5층 옥상에서 실시하였다. 식물의 생육현황은 P5C7P2V1이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 P10C7P2V1과 P1P1V1, P1과 C1의 생육이 가장 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 실험 경과, P5C7P2V1의 토양배합비에서 효과가 가장 양호하게 나타나, 도시내 대면적 녹화에 기여할 수 있는 토양배합비로 판단된다.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

In this work, a hardware based cryptographic module for the cyber security of nuclear power plant is developed using a system engineering approach. Nuclear power plants are isolated from the Internet, but as shown in the case of Iran, Man-in-the-middle attacks (MITM) could be a threat to the safety of the nuclear facilities. This FPGA-based module does not have an operating system and it provides protection as a firewall and mitigates the cyber threats. The encryption equipment consists of an encryption module, a decryption module, and interfaces for communication between modules and systems. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)-128, which is formally approved as top level by U.S. National Security Agency for cryptographic algorithms, is adopted. The development of the cyber security module is implemented in two main phases: reverse engineering and re-engineering. In the reverse engineering phase, the cyber security plan and system requirements are analyzed, and the AES algorithm is decomposed into functional units. In the re-engineering phase, we model the logical architecture using Vitech CORE9 software and simulate it with the Enhanced Functional Flow Block Diagram (EFFBD), which confirms the performance improvements of the hardware-based cryptographic module as compared to software based cryptography. Following this, the Hardware description language (HDL) code is developed and tested to verify the integrity of the code. Then, the developed code is implemented on the FPGA and connected to the personal computer through Recommended Standard (RS)-232 communication to perform validation of the developed component. For the future work, the developed FPGA based encryption equipment will be verified and validated in its expected operating environment by connecting it to the Advanced power reactor (APR)-1400 simulator.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2018

FPSO는 원유의 생산을 위한 플랜트가 기능별로 모듈화 되어있는 상부구조(topside)와 생산된 원유의 저장 및 상부구조의 지지 기능을 하는 하부구조(hullside)로 구성된다. FPSO 상부 모듈과 이를 지지하는 선체의 구조적 거동은 이들을 연결하는 인터페이스 구조에 따라 달라지며, 인터페이스 구조의 형식은 MSS(Module Support Seat)라고 하는 개별 단위 지지구조들의 조합으로 구성된다. 인터페이스 구조의 형식이 다양하고 이에 따라 FPSO 상부 모듈 구조의 기본 설계가 크게 영향 받으므로 초기 설계 단계부터 다양한 설계 방안을 검토해야 한다. FPSO 상부 모듈의 구조 설계 시에는 선체와의 상호 작용을 고려하여 MSS의 개수, 연결 형식을 결정해야 하고, 구조 강도 검증을 위한 유한요소 모델의 범위, 하중 조건, 경계 조건 등 구조 해석 옵션을 신중히 고려해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 상기 고려 사항들에 대한 비교 조합 Case들을 도출하고 강도 평가를 수행하였으며, 해석 결과의 상세한 고찰을 통해 상부 모듈의 구조적 거동 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과는 보다 신뢰성 있는 상부 모듈 구조 설계를 위한 좋은 참고 자료가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2017

Pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) has attracted much attention as potential technology to reduce the overall energy consumption for reverse osmosis(RO) desalination. The RO/PRO hybrid process is considered as the most logical next step for future desalination. The PRO process aims to harness the osmotic energy difference of two aqueous solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. By using the concentrated water(RO brine) discharged from existing RO plants, the PRO process can effectively exploit a greater salinity gradient to reduce the energy cost of processing concentrated water. However, in order to use RO brine as the draw solution, PRO membrane must have high water flux and enough mechanical strength to withstand the high operational pressure. This study investigates the development of a thin film composite PRO membrane and spiral wound module for high power density. Also, the influence of membrane backing layer on the overall power density was studied using the characteristic factors of PRO membranes. Finally, the performance test of an 8-inch spiral wound module was carried out under various operating conditions(i.e. hydraulic pressure, flow rate, temperature). As the flow rate and temperature increased under the same hydraulic pressure, the PRO performance increased due to the growth of water permeability coefficient and osmotic pressure. For a high performance PRO system, in order to optimize the operating conditions, it is highly recommended that the flow pressure be minimized while the flow rate is maintained at a high level.