• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.117-125
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• 2008

Recently, obesity has become a worldwide public health concern and the use of anorectic drugs has drastically increased. In this study, sibutramine and phendimetrazine, representative marketed anorectics, were repeatedly administered per os on a daily basis into C57BL/6 mice and the effects of these drugs on food intakes, body weight changes and gene expression profiles were monitored for up to following 7 days. Methamphetamine, which has a potent anorectic effect, was used as a positive control. Anorectic effects were sustained only for two days by phendimetrazine or methamphetamine, but for six days by sibutramine. The modulations of gene expressions in the hypothalamus and the striatum were investigated using microarrays on day 2 and day 7 post-administration, which corresponded to the anorectic period and a return of appetite respectively, for all three drugs tested. Differences in overall gene expression profiles in the stratum on day 2 for sibutramine and phendimetrazine seems to reflect difference between the two in terms of the onsets of drug tolerance. According to microarray findings, the Ankrd26 gene appears to have an important anorectic role, whereas the up-regulation of the olfaction system appeared to be involved in the drug tolerance of anorectics. The microarray data presented in this study demonstrates the usefulness of gene expression analysis for gathering information on the efficacy and safety of anorectic drugs.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2010

Objectives : Increasing evidence suggests the presence of neurobiological bases for temperamental characteristics in humans. Brain correlates of harm avoidance(HA) have been most extensively studied using functional and structural brain imaging methods due to its potential link with anxiety and depressive disorders. To date, however, we are not aware of any reports that have examined the potential relationship between HA levels and regional cortical thickness. The aim of the current study is to examine the cortical thickness which is associated with HA temperament in healthy young subjects. Methods : Twenty-eight young, healthy individuals(13 men and 15 women, mean age, $29.4{\pm}6.3$ years) were screened for eligibility and administered the Korean version of the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory and underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Results : HA was associated with cortical thickness in the right superior frontal cortex and in the left parietal cortex, adjusted for age and sex and corrected for multiple comparisons using the permutation testing method. Conclusion : Individual temperamental differences in HA are associated with structural variations in specific areas of the brain. The fact that these brain regions are involved in top-down modulations of subcortical fear reactions adds functional significance to current findings.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.6 s.360
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• pp.48-56
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• 2007

OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) is widely used as multiple access techniques for next generation mobile communication systems. However, OFDMA has a disadvantage of high peak-to-average power ratio and SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) was proposed for uplink systems to overcome the drawback. SC-FDMA also has several demerits including degraded performance with high-order modulations or with multiple antenna techniques, and less flexibility in resource allocation and pilot patterns. In order to achieve the best performance over a wide range of environments, each mobile station should select either of OFDMA and SC-FDMA according to the given condition and a pilot structure for SC-FDMA systems should be similar to that of OFDMA to maintain the same frame structure. While conventional SC-FDMA schemes require an entire SC-FDMA symbol or a separate short symbol for pilots, this paper proposes a method which supports the pilots included in SC-FDMA data parts and enables a SC-FDMA frame to hold the same structure as an OFDMA frame.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.380-384
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• 2004

A fuel spiking test was performed to measure the surge margin of the compressor in a gas turbine engine. During the test, fuel spiking signal was superimposed on the engine controller demand and the mixed signals were used to control a fuel line servo-valve. For the superimposition, a subsystem composed of a fuel controller and a function generator was used. During the fuel spiking test, the original scheduled fuel signals and the modified signals were compared to guarantee the consistency excluding the spiking signals. The spiking signals were carefully selected to maintain the engine speed constant. The fuel spiking effects were checked by three dynamic pressure sensors. Sensors were placed before the servo-valve, after the servo-valve, and after the compressor location, respectively. The modulations of the spiking signal duration and fuel flow rate were examined to make the- operating point approach the surge region. The real engine test was performed at the Altitude Engine Test Facility (AETF) in Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI). In the real engine test, fuel spiking signals with 25~50 ㎳ of spiking signal time and 17~46 % of base fuel flow rate condition were used. The dithering signal was 5~6 ㎃ at 490 Hz. The test results showed good agreement between the fuel spiking signals and the fuel line pressure signals. Also, the compressor discharge pressure signals showed fuel spiking effects and the changes of the operating point on the compressor characteristic map could be traced.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.254-269
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• 2015

Objectives This study aimed to observe the effect of Taeumjowi-tang on the cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal dysfunctions in rats. Methods Four groups, each of 8 rats per group, were used in this study. Saline and distilled water treated control rats were intact vehicle control group. Delayed gastrointestinal motility was induced by intraperitoneal treatment of cisplatin 2mg/kg, once a week for 5 weeks(Cisplatin control group). Taeumjowi-tang aqueous extracts(TJ) were orally administered in a volume of 5ml/kg, once a day for 14 days from 4th cisplatin treatment(TJ group). Ondansetron 1mg/kg was subcutaneously treated, in a volume of 1ml/kg, as same as TJ(ondansetron group). We measured the body weights, intestinal charcoal transit ratio, fecal parameters, fundus MDA(malondialdehyde), GSH(glutathione) contents and SOD(superoxide dismutase), CAT(catalase) activities, TPH(tryptophanhydroxylase) and MAO(monoamine oxidase) activities, pyloric gastrin and serotonin contents with their immunoreactive cells, colonic serotonin-immunoreactive cells, the histopathology of pylorus, fundus mucosa and colon. Results 1) The body weight gains, the small intestinal charcoal transfer rates, the fecal parameters(numbers, weights and water contents) were increased in TJ, ondansetron group. 2) The inhibit of fundus antioxidant defense systems by cisplatin were decreased in TJ, ondansetron group. 3) The pyloric TPH activities were increased and the pyloric MAO activities were decreased in TJ group. 4) The pyloric gastric contents and the gastrin-immunoreactive cells were increased and the pyloric serotonin contents and the pyloric and colonic serotonin-immunoreactive cells were decreased in TJ group. 5) The pylorus atrophic changes and the gastric surface erosive damage regions by cisplatin were favorably inhibited by treatment of TJ group. Conclusions The results obtained in this study suggest that TJ favorably retarded the cisplatin related GI(gastrointestinal) dysfunctions and constipation through modulations of GI enterochromaffin cells, serotonin and gastrin-producing cells and antioxidative systems.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.7-13
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• 2013

Objectives: Whether the ultra-highly-diluted remedies used in homeopathy can effectively bring about modulations of gene expressions through acetylation/deacetylation of histones has not been explored. Therefore, in this study, we pointedly checked if the homeopathically-diluted anti-cancer remedy Condurango 30C (ethanolic extract of Gonolobus condurango diluted $10^{-60}$ times) was capable of arresting the cell cycles in cervical cancer cells HeLa by triggering an epigenetic modification through modulation of the activity of the key enzyme histone deacetylase 2 vis-a-vis the succussed alcohol (placebo) control. Methods: We checked the activity of different signal proteins (like $p21^{WAF}$, p53, Akt, STAT3) related to deacetylation, cell growth and differentiation by western blotting and analyzed cell-cycle arrest, if any, by fluorescence activated cell sorting. After viability assays had been performed with Condurango 30C and with a placebo, the activities of histone de-acetylase (HDAC) enzymes 1 and 2 were measured colorimetrically. Results: While Condurango 30C induced cytotoxicity in HeLa cells in vitro and reduced HDAC2 activity quite strikingly, it apparently did not alter the HDAC1 enzyme; the placebo had no or negligible cytotoxicity against HeLa cells and could not alter either the HDAC 1 or 2 activity. Data on $p21^{WAF}$, p53, Akt, and STAT3 activities and a cell-cycle analysis revealed a reduction in DNA synthesis and G1-phase cell-cycle arrest when Condurango 30C was used at a 2% dose. Conclusion: Condurango 30C appeared to trigger key epigenetic events of gene modulation in effectively combating cancer cells, which the placebo was unable to do.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.113-136
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• 2000

Problems and improvemental measures for the historical inquiry of TV drama costumes and for the reproduction of them were investigated. For this study, the MBC historical drama 'The way of the Great King' started on march 24 in 1998 and ended on september 26 in 1998 was selected as the subject. The reasons why the drama was selected are as follows. First, the historical background was the time of King Young ＆ drama introduced various kinds of costumes Joungjo, which is the starting era of traditional costumes peculiar to Korea. Second, the based on the historical inquiry of that time. There is a limitation in the process of historical inquiry about the costumes of that time because we don't have enough research data such as relics, remains, references, literary works, pictures, etc. Although, in some cases, exact historical inquiry about the costumes were made, they could not be reproduced in the original forms due to several reasons: the absence of the materials of that time, structural changes including length and size for convenience of action, alterations of the manufacturing method for the reuse, addition of the gorgeous and various olors for the enhancement of image quality, variations in colors according to the actor's character, modulations of the structures and colors by the producer's intention, and the restraints in time and money for manufacturing. In view of these situations, it seems to be difficult for us to settle the problems occurring between the historical inquiry about the traditional costumes and the reproduction of them in drama. However, the costumes presented in historical drama have the meanings to provide informations of that time with TV audience. Therefore I think that it is necessary to narrow the gap between the historical inquiry of TV drama costumes and for the reproduction of hem, First, It should be restrained that each broadcasting stations show the costumes under the similar situations of the same age in different ways. Second, We need to unify the inquiry systems concerning historical drama costumes, In addition to this, it is also necessary for broadcasting stations to establish internet sites of traditional costumes for communication.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.611-619
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• 2016

Success in modern war depends on electronic warfare. Therefore, It is very important to identify the kind of Radar PRI modulations in a lot of Radar electromagnetic waves. In this paper, I propose an algorithm to identify Linear up Sliding PRI, Non-Linear up Sliding PRI and Linear Down Sliding PRI, Non-Linear Down Sliding PRI among many Radar pulses. We applied not only the TDOA(Time Difference Of Arrival) concept of Radar pulse signals incoming to antennas but also a rising and falling curve characteristics of those PRI's. After making a program by such algorithm, we input each 40 data to those PRI's identification programs and as a result, those programs fully processed the data in according to expectations. In the future, those programs can be applied to the ESM, ELINT system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose and design a SSD(Simultaneous Single band Duplex) system using 5G(Generation) candidate modulations. Especially, we consider HPA(High Power Amplifier) nonlinearity in the proposed system. And then, we evaluate and analyze performance of the proposed system. As simulation results, performance of SSD-OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), SSD-FMC (Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier), and SSD-FBMC(Filter Bank Multi-Carrier) is severely degraded by HPA nonlinearity. However, performance of SSD-OFDM, SSD-UFMC, and SSD-FBMC is similar in the same condition. That is, OFDM, UFMC, and FBMC have a similar PAPR(Peak to Average Power Ratio) characteristic. Finally, we can confirm that the proposed SSD system can not cancel(SI) self-interference effectively by strong HPA nonlinearity. That is, Reducing PAPR is important in order to avoid effect of HPA nonlinearity in the proposed SSD system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.1629-1637
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• 2003

In this paper, we analyzed the performance of a hybird DS/SFH(Direct­Sequency­Slow Frequency­Hopping) Spread Spectrum system with BFSK modulation over Nakagami­m fading channel with multitone jamming. The performance of the system was improved when a frequency bowing rate increased. In case that process gain of hybrid DS/SFH Spread Spectrum system to be fixed, the hybrid DS/SFH Spread Spectrum takes the low bit error probability than a DS Spread Spectrum system. Also, when the fading index m increases, the fading effect decrease, when the JSR(jamming to signal power ratio) increases ,the performance of a hybrid DS/SFH Spread Spectrum system improved than DS Spread Spectrum system. The result, we have been proved that performance of a hybrid DS/SFH Spread Spectrum was superior to DS Spend Spectrum system over Nakagami­m fading with tome jamming.