• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1486-1493
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• 2017

된장은 콩 발효식품으로 주원료인 콩류에 Bacillus subtilis, Rizopus, Mucor와 Aspergillus species를 접종하여 발효시킨 메주를 소금물과 혼합하여 숙성 시킨 한국의 전통적인 발효식품이다. 본 연구에서는 동물실험을 통하여 검정콩 된장의 항비만 효과를 확인하였다. 항비만 효과의 확인은 혈중 TG, TC, 아디포넥틴과 렙틴의 레벨을 측정함과 동시에 지방합성에 관여하는 전사인자인 SREBP-1c과 PPAR-g의 mRNA와 단백질 발현 정도를 측정하였다. 고지방 식이에 검정콩 된장을 첨가한 그룹에서는 고지방식이로 인해 증가된 체중을 유의적으로 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 혈중 중성지방, 콜레스테롤과 렙틴의 레벨은 고지방식이를 섭취한 마우스에 비하여 검정콩 된장을 섭취한 마우스에서 감소하였으며 아디포넥틴의 분비량은 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이러한 결과가 지방 생성의 억제로부터 유도되는지를 조사하기 위하여 지방 합성에 관여하는 전사인자인 SREBP-1c과PPAR-g의 mRNA양과 단백질 발현을 측정한 결과 검정콩 된장을 섭취한 마우스에서 현저하게 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 검정 콩 된장의 섭취가 지방대사와 지방 전사 인자의 활성을 감소시킨다는 것을 확인함으로써 검정콩 된장이 비만의 예방과 진행을 개선시킬 수 있음을 증명하였다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on skin damage recovery and inflammation relief in atopic dermatitis-induced mice through Endocannabinoid system (ECS) control. Methods 6-week-old Balb/C mice were divided into control group (Ctrl), atopic dermatitis induced group (ADE), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) administered group after atopic dermatitis induced (PEAT), and Scutellaria baicalensis extract administered group after atopic dermatitis induced (SBT). Seven animals were assigned for each group. After drug administration for 3 weeks after inducing atopic dermatitis, Claudin and 8-OHdG were observed to confirm the recovery of the skin damage in each group. To confirm ECS regulation, CB1, CB2, and GPR55 were observed. To confirm the anti-inflammatory effect, Fc ε receptor, and MMP-9 was observed. Results Claudin positive reaction was significantly increased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. 8-OHdG positive reaction was significantly decreased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. CB1, CB2, and GPR55 positive responses were significantly increased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. Fc ε receptor and MMP-9 positivity were significantly decreased in SBT compared to ADE and PEAT. Conclusion It was confirmed that the Scutellaria baicalensis extract can reduce the inflammation of atopic dermatitis by restoring the structural damage of the skin lipid barrier through ECS activity.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.279-291
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• 2021

Hair loss is one of the most common chronic diseases, with a detrimental effect on a patient's psychosocial life. Hair loss results from damage to the hair follicle (HF) and/or hair regeneration cycle. Various damaging factors, such as hereditary, inflammation, and aging, impair hair regeneration by inhibiting the activation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) regulates the inflammatory response and the activity of various types of stem cells, and has recently been reported to have a protective effect on hair loss. Given that stem cell activity is the driving force for hair regeneration, we hypothesized that FPR2 influences hair regeneration by mediating HFSC activity. To prove this hypothesis, we investigated the role of FPR2 in hair regeneration using Fpr2 knockout (KO) mice. Fpr2 KO mice were found to have excessive hair loss and abnormal HF structures and skin layer construction compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The levels of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and β-catenin, which promote HF regeneration, were significantly decreased, and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp)2/4, an inhibitor of the anagen phase, was significantly increased in Fpr2 KO mice compared to WT mice. The proliferation of HFSCs and DPCs was significantly lower in Fpr2 KO mice than in WT mice. These findings demonstrate that FPR2 impacts signaling molecules that regulate HF regeneration, and is involved in the proliferation of HFSCs and DPCs, exerting a protective effect on hair loss.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2019

Background: Efficacy and safety of tiotropium bromide, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, in treatment of asthma have been reported. However, its effect on airway remodeling in chronic asthma of the elderly has not been clearly verified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tiotropium and expression of muscarinic receptors as its related mechanism in an aged mouse model of chronic asthma with airway remodeling. Methods: BALB/c female mice age 6 weeks, 9 and 15 months were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) for three months. Tiotropium bromide was administered during the challenge period. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and pulmonary inflammation were measured. Parameters of airway remodeling, and expression levels of $M_2$ and $M_3$ receptors were examined. Results: Total cell with eosinophils, increased in the OVA groups by age, was decreased significantly after treatment with tiotropium bromide, particularly in the age group of 15 months. AHR and levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were decreased, after tiotropium administration. In old aged group of 9- and 15-months-treated groups, hydroxyproline contents and levels of ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin were attenuated. Tiotropium enhanced the expression of $M_2$ but decreased expression of $M_3$ in all aged groups of OVA. Conclusion: Tiotropium bromide had anti-inflammatory and anti-remodeling effects in an aged mouse model of chronic asthma. Its effects seemed to be partly mediated by modulating expression $M_3$ and $M_2$ muscarinic receptors. Tiotropium may be a beneficial treatment option for the elderly with airway remodeling of chronic asthma.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2021

Objectives: The hair follicle is composed of more than 20 kinds of cells, and mesoderm derived dermal papilla cells and keratinocytes cooperatively contribute hair growth via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We are to investigate β-catenin expression and regulatory mechanism by CBD in alopecia hair tissues and dermal papilla cells. Methods: We performed structural and anatomical analyses on alopecia patients derived hair tissues using microscopes. Pharmacological effect of CBD was evaluated by β-catenin expression using RT-PCR and immunostaining experiment. Results: Morphological deformation and loss of cell numbers in hair shaft were observed in alopecia hair tissues. IHC experiment showed that loss of β-catenin expression was shown in inner shaft of the alopecia hair tissues, indicating that β-catenin expression is a key regulatory function during alopecia progression. Consistently, β-catenin expression was decreased in testosterone or PMA treated dermal papilla cells, suggesting that those treatments are referred as a model on molecular mechanism of alopecia using dermal papilla cells. RT-PCR and immunostaining experiments showed that β-catenin expression was decreased in RNA level, as well as decreased β-catenin protein might be resulted from ubiquitination. However, CBD treatment has no changes in gene expression including β-catenin, but the decreased β-catenin expression by testosterone or PMA was restored by CBD pretreatment, suggesting that potential regulatory effect on alopecia induction of testosterone and PMA. Conclusion: CBD might have a modulating function on alopecia caused by hormonal or excess of signaling pathway, and be a promising application for on alopecia treatment.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2023

본 연구는 창업의 지각된 가치와 지각된 위험이 예술전공 대학생의 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 부모·형제의 창업경험과 세부전공에 따른 창업의도 정도의 차이를 분석하였다. 연구결과 창업의 지각된 가치는 창업의도에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 창업의 지각된 위험의 구성요인 중에서 재무적 위험은 창업의도에 유의한 영향을 주지만 사회적 위험요인과 경력 위험요인은 유의한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 예술계열의 세부전공 중에서 공예전공 대학생은 다른 전공에 비하여 창업의도가 높은 것으로 나타났고 부모·형제의 창업을 간접적으로 경험한 대학생이 그렇지 않은 대학생에 비하여 창업의도가 높으며 부모·형제의 창업경험 유무는 창업의 지각된 가치와 지각된 위험이 창업의도에 미치는 영향관계에서 조절효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제18권E2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate if nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors modulate airway inflammation induced by diesel exhaust particles (DEP). N$\^$G/-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a potent constitutive NOS (cNOS) inhibitor, and aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor, were administered to mice in their drinking water for 7 weeks. Airway inflammation was elicited by the repeated intratracheal administration of DEP. The results showed that macrophages, inflammatory eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids by intratracheal DEP instillation were significantly suppressed in the mice treated with two NOS inhibitors toghther with DEP. The suppression of these cells was more effective in AG treated groups than in L -NAME treated groups. NOS inhibitor treatment also reduced interleukin -5 (IL-5 in the BAL fluids and lung homogenates. Additionally, it was found that eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity in the BAL fluids was also decreased by NOS inhibitor treatment. These results suggest that nitric oxide (NO) is produced in airway inflammation by repeated DEP instillation, and that iNOS inhibition as well as cNOS inhibition can play a modulating role in this airway inflammation by DEP.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2009

The modulating effect of IGF-I on the regulation of AR gene expression and activation in skeletal muscle cells remains poorly understood. In this study, the effects of IGF-I treatment on AR induction and activation in the absence of AR ligands were examined. Differentiating C2C12 cells were treated with different concentrations (0-250 ng/ml) of IGF-I or for various periods of time (0-60 min) of 250 ng/ml IGF-I. Treatment of C2C12 cells with IGF-I resulted in a dose- and time-dependent increase in total AR and phosphorylated AR (Ser 213). IGF-I treatment also led to significantly increased AR mRNA expression when compared with the control. The levels of skeletal ${\alpha}-actin$ and myogenin mRNA, known target genes of AR, were also significantly upregulated after 5 or 10 min of treatment with IGF-I. Confocal images revealed that IGF-I stimulated nuclear localization of AR in the absence of ligands. In addition, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that IGF-I stimulated the AR DNA binding activity in a time-dependent manner. The present results suggest that IGF-I stimulates the expression and activation of AR by ligand-independent mechanism in differentiating C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5753-5757
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• 2012

Apoptosis, also known as cell suicide or programmed cell death, removes unwanted and genetically damaged cells from the body. Evasion of apoptosis is one of the major characteristic features of rapidly proliferating tumor cells. Chemopreventive agents inhibit or suppress tumor formation through apoptotic induction in target tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pro-apoptotic potential of lupeol during 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Topical application of 0.5% DMBA three times a week for 14 weeks in the buccal pouches of golden Syrian hamsters resulted in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The expression pattern of apoptotic markers was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (p53, Bcl-2, Bax) and ELISA reader (caspase 3 and 9). In the present study, 100% tumor formation with defects in apoptotic markerexpression pattern was noticed in hamsters treated with DMBA alone. Oral administration of lupeol at a dose of 50mg/kg bw completely prevented the formation oral tumors as well as decreased the expression p53 and Bcl-2, while increasing the expression of Bax and the activities of caspase 3 and 9. The present study thus indicated that lupeol might inhibit DMBA-induced oral tumor formation through its pro-apoptotic potential in golden Syrian hamsters.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5701-5708
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• 2012

The aim of the study was to investigate the chemopreventive potential of andrographolide in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Oral tumors developed in the buccal pouch of golden Syrian hamsters at a 100% incidence on painting with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week for 14 weeks. Marked abnormalities in the status of detoxification enzymes, lipid perxodiation and antioxidants were noticed in hamsters treated with DMBA alone. Oral administration of andrographolide at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw to hamsters treated with DMBA not only completely prevented the tumor formation but also restored the status of the above mentioned biomarkers. The present study thus demonstrates the chemopreventive potential of andrographolide in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis, which is probably due to its antioxidant potential as well as modulating effect on xenobiotic metabolising enzymes during DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis.