• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.218-231
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• 2019

Background: We recently reported that Salvia plebeia R. Br. extracts suppress leukotriene production and effectively inhibit the airway inflammatory response by modulating inflammatory chemokine and cytokine expression. Here, we investigated the synergistic airway anti-inflammation effect of Salvia plebeia and Panax ginseng (Korean red ginseng, KRG) that has been used to treat various immune diseases such as asthma. Methods and Results: To evaluate the synergistic airway anti-inflammatory effect of Salvia plebeia and KRG, we measured the inhibitory effect of monotheraphy with either or co-theraphy with both on leukotriene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Using coal a combustion, fly ash, and diesel exhaust particle (CFD)-induced respiratory disease mouse model, we found that co-theraphy synergistically suppressed airway inflammatory signs such as alveolar wall thickness and collagen fibers deposition, and decreased the number of total cell, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ cells, and inflammatory cytokines (IL17A, TNF, MIP-2 and CXCL-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Conclusions: We confirmed respiratory protection as a therapeutic effect of the Salbia plebeia-KRG 3 : 1 complex (KGC-03-PS) via anti-tracheal muscle contraction and expectorant animal studies using a CFD-induced respiratory disease mouse model.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 대학생들의 학업스트레스와 이러닝 이용의도와의 관계를 알아보고 대안의 매력도에 대한 조절효과를 파악하는 데 있다. 자료 수집은 2020년 5월 18일부터 5월 22일까지 317부의 설문지를 사용하여 수행되었다. 수집된 자료는 SmartPLS를 이용하여 측정모형을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 대학생들의 학업스트레스 중 수업, 성적, 대인관계로 인한 스트레스는 이러닝 이용의도와 정적인 관계를 보이며, 그 영향력은 학습자가 지각하는 대안의 매력도 수준이 클수록 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 시험 스트레스는 이러닝 이용의도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 대안에 대한 지각된 매력도의 조절효과도 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 대학생들의 건강한 대학생활과 이러닝 학습의 중요성을 부각시켜 대학 내에서 다양하고 매력적인 이러닝이 제공될 수 있기를 제언한다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2021

This study was conducted to suggest a direction in which safety managers can concentrate on industrial accident prevention and safety management for the organization. The job resources of safety managers were divided into organizational and individual levels, and the magnitude of the impact on organizational commitment was compared. Furthermore, job demands were classified into environmental risk factors and personal psychological factors to confirm their effect on organizational commitment. The moderating effect of job resources and sub-factors of the variable in the relationship between job demands and organizational commitment was verified. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 193 safety managers in the domestic electric construction business, data were collected, and a questionnaire of 180 people was used for the final analysis. Based on the results, organization-level resources among the sub-factors of job resources and individual psychological factors among the sub-factors of job demand had a more significant influence on organizational commitment. In the relationship between job resources and organizational commitment, the moderating effect of job demand was verified, confirming that job demand had a negative moderating effect. Individual psychological factors had a modulating effect, whereas environmental factors did not. The significance, implications, and limitations of this study are discussed based on the research results.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2009

Purpose: This research aimed to study the effect of FAE(Ferment Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Epimedii Herba) on the mouse macrophage cell activity. Methods: Effect of FAE, which was fermented by Sacchromyces cerevisiae STV89, on cell viability, amount of $H_2O_2$ within cells, amount of NO was measured and compaperd by using mouse macrophage cells. Results: 1. Result of MTT assay conducted to observe the effect of FAE on the survival rate of mouse macrophage cells illustrated that, when FAE was proccessed for each concentration, there was no significant decrease of the survival rate. 2. FAE increased the amount of $H_2O_2$ within macrophage cells and increased inhibition of amount of $H_2O_2$ in macrophage induced by LPS. 3. FAE inhibited amount of NO in macrophage cells, and significantly inhibited increase of amount of NO in mcacrophage induced by LPS. Conclusion: FAE produced by Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Epimedii Herba did not induce the decrease of macrophage cell survival rate, increased amount of $H_2O_2$ within cells, and reduced amount of NO. FAE significantly increase by LPS, reduced the increase of amount of NO in macrophage induced by LPS. These results signify FAE has significant effect on immuno modulating activity of macrophage.

• 인지과학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.185-204
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• 2012

촉진질문을 제공해서 무엇을 설명해야 하는지 알려주거나 자기설명을 하게 지시하면 기억과 이해가 향상되는지, 그리고 자기설명 지시와 촉진질문 제공의 효과가 학습자의 인지욕구와 상호작용하는지 알아보기 위해 3요인 실험을 실시하였다. 촉진질문과 자기설명 지시의 효과는 과제와 학습자의 인지욕구 수준에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 기억검사에서는 인지욕구가 낮은 학습자에게서 자기설명 지시와 질문 제공이 기억 수행을 향상시켰다. 인지욕구가 높은 학습자에게는 촉진질문이나 자기 설명지시는 기억에 별 도움이 되지 않았다. 오히려 촉진질문에서 언급하지 않았던 항목에 대한 기억은 저하시키는 경향을 보여주었다. 그러나 이해검사에서는 인지욕구가 높은 학습자의 이해 수행이 좋았다. 특히 인지욕구가 높은 학습자에게 촉진질문을 제공하고 자기설명을 하게 지시한 경우에는 이해 수행이 좋았으나, 인지욕구가 높은 학습자에게 촉진질문을 제공하지 않고 자기설명을 하게 한 경우에는 이해 수행이 나빴다. 이 연구의 결과는 자기설명 지시와 촉진문의 효과는 학습자의 인지욕구 수준에 따라 다를 수 있고, 인지욕구 수준이 낮은 경우 자기설명 지시와 촉진질문의 효과는 가산적일 수 있으며, 설명이 필요한 부분을 정확하게 찾아내는 것이 자기설명의 효과를 결정하는 중요한 요인일 수 있다는 것을 시사하는 것으로 해석되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of acupuncture at HT7 (Shinmun) on the feeding behavior and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y(NPY) expression in the maternally separated rat pups. Methods: To show the effect of acupuncture, we performed maternal separation(MS) for 7 days beginning on postnatal day 14, and observed body weight, food intake, and NPY immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of hypothalamus after acupuncturing at HT7, the end of the transverse crease of the ulnar wrist of the forepaw. Results: MS induced a significant decreases in body weight and food intake, while acupuncture treatment at acupoint HT7 showed much more improvement in those evaluations. NPY-immunoreactivity in area PVN were decreased in the MS group, but significantly increased in the HT7 group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that acupuncture has an effect on the feeding disorders caused by MS, possibly by modulating NPY expression in the PVN.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.324-328
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• 2003

도꼬마리 추출물의 발암성의 유무를 검토하기 위하여 시험균 S. typhimurium TA98 및 TA100에 대한 변이원성 실험 결과, 추출물 XE-N과 XEA-N의 농도가 증가해도 TA 98 및 TA100 두 균주의 복귀변이 colony 수가 대조구에 비해 변화가 크지 않은 점을 미루어 보아 각 추출물은 변이원성이 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 도꼬마리 추출물 XEA-A, XEA-B 및 XE-A)의 $H_2O$$_2$로 유도된 세포 독성에 대한 억제효과는 각각 58%, 53%, 63%로서 생존율이 2배 이상 증가하였다. 면역 증강 활성은 TNF의 경우 XE-N 추출물에서 2.7배로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으며 XEA-N 추출물에서도 2.3배로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. IL-1$\beta$의 생성은 XE-B 추출물에서 높게 나타났으며, IL-2의 생성에는 뚜렷한 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 도꼬마리 추출물 및 정제물을 이용하여 동물에 강력한 발암물질인 MNNG를 투여한 후 항산화 효소계를 측정한 결과, 조직의 해독물질인 glutathione (GSH)의 함량이 도꼬마리 정제물 0.2% 투여군에서 약 44.6%, 도꼬마리 추출물 투여군에서 약 41.5% 증가되었다. 또한 도꼬마리 추출물 및 정제물질은 암억제 유전자인 p53의 발현을 매우 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과에서 도꼬마리 추출물은 전반적으로 항산화능, 면역증강효과, 암 예방효과 등의 기능성이 있는 것으로 입증되었으며, 각 기능에 따른 다양한 물질을 분리하여 신소재로의 개발 가능성이 큰 약제임이 확인되었다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2014

Licoricidin isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis is known to have anticancer, anti-nephritic, anti-Helicobacter pylori, and antibacterial effects. In this study, a cocktail probe assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to investigate the modulating effect of licoricidin on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human liver microsomes. When licoricidin was incubated at $0-25{\mu}m$ with CYP probes for 60 min at $37^{\circ}C$, it showed potent inhibitory effects on CYP2B6-catalyzed bupropion hydroxylation and CYP2C9-catalyzed diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation with half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) values of 3.4 and $4.0{\mu}m$, respectively. The inhibition mode of licoricidin was revealed as competitive, dose-dependent, and non-time-dependent, and following the pattern of Lineweaver-Burk plots. The inhibitory effect of licoricidin has been confirmed in human recombinant cDNA-expressed CYP2B6 and 2C9 with $IC_{50}$ values of 4.5 and $0.73{\mu}m$, respectively. In conclusion, this study has shown the potent inhibitory effect of licoricidin on CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 activity could be important for predicting potential herb-drug interactions with substrates that mainly undergo CYP2B- and CYP2C9-mediated metabolism.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2013

Cholestatic liver is associated with hepatic inflammation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies indicate that certain cytokines can modulate bile secretion. In the present study, we have examined the role of interleukin (IL-2) on the bile secretion by a combination of study models. To examine the relevance of IL-2 on bile secretion, the expression of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) of isolated normal and bile duct ligated (BDL) rats cholangiocytes was first measured by RT-PCR. In BDL rats, the expression of IL-2 and IL-2R was significantly increased compared with normal rats. To study the effect of IL-2 on bile secretion, bile flow was measured in normal and BDL rats. At the level of cholangiocytes, secretory responses of isolated bile duct unit (IBDU)s were quantified by videomicroscopy. The administrations of IL-2 had no significant effect on basal bile secretion in normal and BDL rats. There was no significant effect of IL-2 on basal bile ductular secretion as evidenced by no significant difference in luminal area of the IBDUs perfusedwith 100 pM of IL-2 from those of albumin carrier control. However, the secretin-stimulated bile ductular secretion was significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited by $34{\pm}4%$ (normal, n = 12), $21{\pm}5.3%$ (BDL 2 wk, n = 12) and $15{\pm}5.2%$ (BDL 4 wk, n = 12) with the co-administration of IL-2. As with other cytokines, physiologically relevant concentration of IL-2 can significantly inhibit secretin-stimulated bile ductular secretion. These findings support the important roles of cytokines in modulating bile secretion and may contribute to the cholestasis seen in cholestatic liver diseases.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.777-787
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• 2016

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of palm kernel meal (PKM), as a fermentable carbohydrate source, on the growth performance, meat quality, concentration of odorous compound, and changes in bacterial community in swine manure. Swine (average initial body weight of $51.36{\pm}1.02kg$) were fed diet which included three levels of PKM (0, 2 and 4%), and their manure samples were collected from the slurry pit. Growth performance and meat quality were not affected by PKM treatments (p > 0.05). Levels of phenols and indoles were decreased in the 2 and 4% PKM treatments compared to 0% PKM (control; p < 0.05). Especially, compared to the control, the 2% PKM group showed decreased levels of phenols by 35% and indoles by 34%. Among the dominant bacterial genera, the main change in relative abundance occurred in those belonging to the Firmicutes phylum in PKM treatments. Terrisporobacter and Clostridium were decreased in the PKM groups compared to the control. However, the relative abundance of Intestinibacter, AM406061_g, Coprococcus_g2, Phascolarcotobacterium, EF401875_g, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus were increased in the PKM group compared to control. Taken together, administration of PKM had a beneficial effect on reducing production of odorous compounds in swine manure, possibly by modulating the communities of predominantly carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria in the large intestine of swine.