• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the residual contents of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) in commercial medicinal herbs in Korea in 2012. Among a total of 136 samples of 16 different kinds of herbs, 86 samples (15 Kinds) were domestic, and 50 samples (14 Kinds) were imported. Sulfur dioxide in the samples was measured by a modified Monier-Williams method. Of the 136 samples, 17 samples (12.5%, 6 Kinds) failed to meet the regulations for sulfur dioxide residues of KFDA in medicinal herbs. Among 17 unsuitable samples, 7 samples (8.1%, 3 Kinds) were domestic, and 10 samples (20.0%, 6 Kinds) were imported. The highest amount of sulfur dioxide residues was 3,167.94 mg/kg (Lycii Fructus) in the domestic samples. The detection frequency of sulfur dioxide by medicinal herb parts used, Rhizoma 25.7%, Flos 20.0%. Cortex 12.5%, Radix 15.3%, Fructus 7.6%, p-value 0.011. This results will be used as a basic data for the future legislation on the quality estimation and safety of medicinal herbs.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1109-1115
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• 2004

This study was investigated the residual contents of sulfur dioxide on the 373 kinds of herbal medicine distributed from Korea, China, and Japan. A modified Monier-Williams method was described for the determination of $SO_{2}$ contents in herbal medicines. The residual contents of $SO_{2}$ were not detected at 221 products$(59.8{\%})$ in total 373 products. Regardless of region, $SO_{2}$ contents were not found at Farfarae Flos, Zizyphi Spinosi Semen, Castanea crenata, and Strychni Ignatii Semen. But it's found at Asparagi Radix, Codonopsitis Radix, Lilii Bulbus, and Kaempferiae Rhizoma of every region collected the samples. Also, $SO_{2}$ contents were not detected at the herbal medicines which collected cultural fields of dometic. $SO_{2}$ contents ranged 11$\~$3990 mg/kg(mean 152 mg/kg) at domestic samples, 11$\~$3440 mg/kg(mean 603 mg/kg) at imported samples. After treated with water wash and hot water extraction, the reduction rates of sulfur dioxide were appeared with $24.4{\%}\~68.7{\%}\;and\;83.8{\%}\~100.0{\%},$ respectively. These data will be used to establish a criteron of residual sulfur dioxide in herbal medicines.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.544-549
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 분석대상식품인 곡류, 과일류, 채소류, 어류둥 20종 180품목의 식품별에 따른 천연 이산화황의 함유량에 대해 모니어월리암스변법, 개량랭킹법 및 산증류/이온배제크로마토크래피법을 각각 적용하여 분석한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구에서 사웅한 각 실험방법별 회수율은 모니어월리암스변법은 $74{\sim}91%$, 개량랭킹법법은 $67{\sim}87%$, 산증류/이온배제크로마토그래피법은 $68{\sim}88%$의 회수율을 얻을 수 있었으며 모니어월리암스 변법에 의한 조사대상식품의 이산화황 분석결과는 $1.02{\sim}43.87\; ppm$의 범위를 보였고 마늘, 도라지, 파, 양배추 및 양파가 각각 43.87, 15.37, 11.50, 11.21 및 10.60 ppm의 높은 농도로 검출되었으며, 그 나머지 식품은 모두 10.00 ppm 미만으로 낮은 농도를 보였다. 개량랭킹법에 의한 조사대상식품의 이산화황 분석결과는 파와 마늘이 2.87 ppm과 6.41 ppm으로 높게 나타났고 나머지는 대부분 2.00 ppm미만의 낮은 농도를 보였다. 산증류/이온배제크로마토그래피법에 의한 조사대상식품의 이산화황 분석결과는 마늘, 양배추, 파, 양파, 감자 및 사과가 각각 15.43, 9.82, 5.74, 5.37, 2.14 및 0.49 ppm이 검출되었고, 그 나머지는 불검출이었다. 결론적으로, 20종 180품목을 3가지 분석방법을 적용하여 천연으로 존재하는 이산화황의 함유량을 조사한 결과, 여러 식품중 천연으로 존재하는 이산화황의 함유량을 모니터링하는데는 현행 식품공전의 공정시험법인 모니어월리암스변법이 타당한 방법이라고 생각되나, 건조된 파, 양파, 양배추등의 황화합물을 함유하는 식품의 경우에는 모니어월리암스법(AOAC공정법 990.28)에 규정되어 있는 것과 같이 이산화황이외의 황화합물에서 기인되는 휘발성물질이 이산화황으로 같이 검출되므로 건조된 파, 양파, 양배추등의 황화합물을 함유하는 식품의 경우에는 황화합물에서 기인되는 휘발성물질이 이온크로마토그래프에서 배제되고 이산화황만 검출되는 산중류/이온배제크로마토그래피법을 적용하여 분석하는 것이 타당하다고 사료된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.345-360
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the content of sulfur dioxide residues in medicinal herbs in Seoul in 2009. Sulfur dioxide in the samples were determined by Monnier-Williams's modified method. A total of 1,821 samples of 205 different types of herbs were collected from Kyung-Dong Herb markets and Oriental medicine hospitals in Seoul. Of these samples, 642 samples were domestic, and 1,179 samples were imported. Of the 1,821 samples, 61 (3.3%, 31 types) failed to meet the regulations for sulfur dioxide residues of KFDA in medicinal herbs. Among these 61 unsuitable samples, 17 (7 types) were domestic, and 44 samples (26 types) were imported. The content of sulfur dioxide in the domestic medicinal herbs ranged from 0 to 809 mg/kg, while those in imported medicinal herbs ranged from 0 to 4,481 mg/kg. Approximately 84.6% of the samples contained less than 10 mg/kg of sulfur dioxide and about 10.0% of samples contained more than 30 mg/kg of sulfur dioxide.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2014

국내에 유통되고 있는 국산과 수입산 한약재 11종 116건을 대상으로 잔류이산화황에 대한 모니터링을 수행한 결과 108건(93.1%)은 불검출이었고 6건(5.2%)는 이산화황 허용기준치 30 mg/kg을 초과하였고 2건은 30 mg/kg 미만으로 검출되었다. 116건의 이산화황 평균함량은 $17.6{\pm}144.2mg/kg$이고 최대 검출량은 구기자(1,546.3 mg/kg)이었고 중국산 현호색(66.6%)의 이산화황 검출 빈도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 국내산 한약재는 71건 중 1건(1.4%), 수입산 한약재는 45건 중 7건(15.6%)에서 이산화황이 검출되었고 국내산 1건(36.7 mg/kg)과 수입산 5건(118.1 mg/kg)이 허용기준치를 초과하여 국내산보다 수입산 한약재에 이산화황 잔류량이 많았다. 본 연구를 통해 이산화황 허용기준을 초과하는 부적합율은 다소 낮아지고 있지만 이산화황 허용기준을 초과하는 한약재들 중 일부 한약재에서는 잔류이산화황 함량이 높게 나타났고, 특히 국내산 약재에 비해 수입산 약재는 부적합율이 높게 나왔다. 한약재는 일반적으로 수세 및 가열과정을 거치므로 실제 섭취하는 형태의 탕액에서는 원재료보다 이산화황의 잔류량이 크게 감소하지만 완전히 제거되지는 않으므로 유통되는 한약재의 안전성 확립이 절실히 요구되어진다. 강화된 기준이 정착하여 안전한 한약재가 유통될 수 있도록 수입통관시 특별관리가 요구되며, 보다 적극적인 검사 요주의 품목에 대한 지속적인 잔류이산화황 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권4호통권139호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2004

This study has been conducted to investigate the amount of residual sulfur dioxide for herbal medicines of 30 species which are purchased in 13 different regions (Bonghwa, Busan, Chunju, Jecheun, Kwangiu, Keumsan, Seoul, Taeku, Cheungdu, Xian, Beijing, Tokyo and Osaka). The sulfur dioxide residues were determined in the collected 386 samples by the modified Monier-Williams method. The residues of sulfur dioxide in 386 samples ranged from ND (under detection limit) to 2808 ppm. The sulfur dioxide in Cassiae Semon, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Cervi Cornu, Hoelen, Crataegi Fructus, Artemisiae Argyi Herba, Scolopendrae Corpus, Schizandrae Fructus and Cyperi Rhizoma were detected under the detection limit regardless of the collected regions. The sulfur dioxide residues in herbal medicines collected in domestic regions were relatively lower than those in foreign regions. There are no standards for sulfur dioxide residual limits of herbal medicines in Korea. This results will provide the scientific basis for the standardization of sulfur dioxide residues in Korea Pharmacopoeia.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze harmful heavy metals, sulfur dioxide and residual pesticides in 30 kinds of oriental medical materials. This study was carried out on 30 samples of oriental medical materials. The examination's methods fallow the guideline of Food and Drug Administration. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to analyze lead, arsenic, cadmium. Mercury was analyzed by amalgamation method. A modified Monier-Williams method was used to analyze sulfur dioxide. The Gas Chromatography / Electron Capture Detector (GC/ECD) was used to analyze residual pesticides. Most of the results were within normal limits at baseline. but Cadmium was detected 0.523 mg/kg more than 0.3 mg/kg in Cinnamomi ramulus and Endosulfan was detected 11.595 mg/kg more than 0.2 mg/kg in Alismatis rhizoma. We needs to keep the quality of herbal medicines assessing and controling for safety of herbal medicines.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.435-447
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• 2011

본 연구는 시중 유통 한약재 총 189품목 1,522건(국내산 84품목 618건, 수입산 158품목 904건)을 대상으로 모니어-윌리엄스변법에 따라 잔류이산화황을 측정하였으며, 전체 한약재의 잔류이산화황 평균은 30.3 mg/kg, 국내산의 평균 잔류량은 12.7 mg/kg(검출범위 0.0-1,298.0 mg/kg), 수입산의 평균 잔류량은 42.4 mg/kg(검출범위 0.0-3,982.2 mg/kg)으로 수입산이 국내산보다 약 4배가량 높게 나타났다. 한약재 중 1,330건(88.1%)이 10 mg/kg 이하 함유량을 나타냈고, 그 중 219건(14.4%)은 전혀 검출되지 않았으며 192건(11.9%)만이 인위적 함유량으로 추정되는 10 mg/kg을 초과하였다. 사용부위별 잔류량을 살펴보면 Tuber, Radix, Rhizoma, Cortex에서 평균 잔류량이 각각 122.3, 69.3, 37.4, 33.3 mg/kg순으로 나타났고 Cortex, Radix, Tuber의 평균 잔류량이 국내산의 경우 각각 2.1, 24.2, 5.6 mg/kg인 것에 반해 수입산의 경우 53.5, 116.1, 191.3 mg/kg으로 나타나 상당한 차이를 보였다. 전체 한약재 중 52건(3.4%)이 허용기준을 초과하였는데, 수입산 한약재에서 기준을 초과한 한약재는 모두 중국산으로 766건 중 36건(4.7%), 국내산은 총 618건 중 16건(2.6%)이 허용기준을 초과하였다. 국내산의 경우 7품목 16건 모두 30 mg/kg이하의 기준이 적용되어 부적합으로 판정된 것으로 갈근(298.8 mg/kg), 길경(1030.1 mg/kg), 독활(163.8 mg/kg), 사삼(290.0 mg/kg), 작약(89.3 mg/kg), 목통(73.0 mg/kg), 산약(420.4 mg/kg)이 기준을 초과하였고, 특히 산약의 경우 의뢰된 국내산 산약 5건 모두 기준을 초과하였다. 수입산은 23품목 36건이 기준을 초과하였는데 이 중 반하1건과 시호1건은 기존의 200 mg/kg이하의 기준 적용으로 각각 269.3, 552.7 mg/kg으로 검출되었고, 천마 1건과 황금은 기존기준인 500 mg/kg이하의 기준 적용으로 각각 847.3, 3982.2 mg/kg의 결과를 보였으며, 그 외 다른 품목들은 모두 30 mg/kg이하의 기준 적용으로 나온 결과였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.948-953
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze harmful heavy metals, sulfur dioxide and residual pesticides in 27 kinds of oriental medical materials. This study was carried out on 27 samples of oriental medical materials. The GC-ECD(Varian, CP-3800) was used to analyze residual pesticides. ICP-OES(Varian, Vista-MPX) was used to analyze lead, arsenic, cadmium. Mercury was analyzed by amalgamation method. A modified Monier-Williams method was used to analyze sulfur dioxide. Arsenic was detected less than 3(mg/kg) in 14 samples and was not detected 13 samples. Lead was detected less than 5(mg/kg) in 15 samples and was not detected 12 samples. Mercury was detected less than 0.2(mg/kg) in 15 samples and was not detected 12 samples. Cadmium was detected more than 0.3(mg/kg) in 3 samples was detected less than 0.3(mg/kg) in 16 samples and was not detected 11 samples. A few residual pesticides was detected, but all residual pesticides was safe. Sulfur dioxide was detected in all samples, but all residual sulfur dioxide was safe.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1039-1044
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• 2007

We investigated the residual contents of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) on the 280 kinds of herbal medicines distributed at 8 cities including in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Jecheon, Yeongju, Geumsan and Jeonju in Korea. The residual contents of $SO_2$ were determinated by modified Monier-Williams method. The residual contents of $SO_2$ were not detected at 206 products in total 280 products. However, it was detected below 100 ppm in 39 products, between 101 and 1000 ppm in 30 products and exceeded 1000 ppm in 5 products. $SO_2$ contents ranged 11 ${\sim}$ 2339 mg/kg (mean 293 mg/kg) at domestic samples distributed. Regardless of region, $SO_2$ contents were not found at Notopterygii Rhizoma, Ligustici Scinensis Rhizoma et Radix, Bombyx Batryticatus, Coicis Semen, Cnidii Rhizoma, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Gardeniae Fructus, Alismatis Rhizoma. But it's found at Batatatis Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix and Codonopsitis Radix of every region collected the samples. $SO_2$ contents were not detected at 58 products which collected cultural fields of dometic. After treated with water wash and hot water extraction, the reduction rates of sulfur dioxide were appeared with 14.3% ${\sim}$ 40.4% and 55.2% ${\sim}$ 100.0%, respectively. These data will be used to establish a criteron of residual sulfur dioxide in herbal medicines.