• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.216-232
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• 2020

본 연구는 중국 역사문화도시의 현대 공공조형물의 표현 특성을 분석, 공공조형물이 어떻게 효율적으로 역사 문화 요소에 개입하여, 장소성을 표출할 수 있는가를 파악하고자 함으로서 공공조형물이 지닌 장소적 의미와 적용에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법은 첫째, 문헌고찰로 역사 문화 도시의 개념, 장소성의 개념 등을 이해하여 이론적 기반을 제공하였다. 둘째, 선행연구 고찰을 통해 공공조형물의 표현특성을 분석하며 10명의 조형 및 디자인 전문가로부터 특성에 대한 평가를 통해 장소성과 관련이 가장 많은 8개 요소를 선정하였다. 셋째, 사례분석으로 중국의 대표적인 도시인 상해, 북경, 광주의 공공조형물 중 발행량이 가장 많은 7개 잡지에서 60개 사례를 선정하여 전문가의 평가를 통해 최종 15개 공공조형물을 선정하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 역사 문화 요소의 발굴이나 도시 현대 인문 정취를 표현함에 있어서 세 도시의 공공 조형물 모두 각기 다른 장소성을 구현하였다. 독자적인 선진 기술이 가져온 예술적 독창성과 대중과의 상호작용을 결합하여 도시만의 독특한 역사 인문적 요소를 활용하여 다른 지역과 다른 장소를 만들어내는 것이 공공 조형물의 발전 추세이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2000

The purposes of this study is for consideration of the flapper image through the culture and novels in Jazz Age(1919∼1929) of America. The back ground of flapper fashion was Jazz. Jazz was one of the cultural languages which expressed liveness, noise, salacity, harmony of primitivity, modernity, innocence and freedom. In processing American had gotten economic power, the Jazz Age had new mood which was combined materialism and realitism. Environmental changes of life styles and development of mass culture of modern big cities could aid the birth of modern girls, flappers. They became the main group of new consumer and mass culture in new consciousness and freedom with independence. Their characteristics are confirmed from Fitzgerald's novels, This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby. As the results of above, the consciousness of flapper were rebellious attitude, liberalism and actualism. The designs of flapper fashion were expressed by simplicity, functionality, nudity and rhythm. The flapper images are as follows: First, they expressed modern image as a rebellious attitude. Second, flapper had a sensual image of freedom through rhythmical and speedy expression. Third, premature image for pursuing youth could be found. Therefore the changes of culture and women's life styles are very important points for fashion studies and the connecting fashion and other fields like novels is needed also for it.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-120
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• 2021

This article analyzes the publicness of early modern cities and the character of samurai residences as urban dwellers through the water supply and use of the Edo period in Japan. Firstly, in Edo, a megacity with a population of about one million, the Shogunate organized samurai residences (mainly those of feudal lords, Daimyo) into geographical organizations, and samurai residences paid for the repair of water facility and the water fee, just the same as the townspeople. Next, in Fukui (provincial castle town), samurai residence (Daimyo's vassal) organization for waterway didn't exist. The samurai residences were relieved of the burden of maintaining the waterways due to poverty. And, before the later Edo period, samurai vassals were not punished for violating the rules on water use, but they were eventually included in the punishment. The gap in feudal status between samurai and townspeople narrowed. It was a process of creating a modern urban society composed of equal dwellers. Although Edo and Fukui belonged to the same category as castle towns, the urban publicness and the position of samurai residences were different due to their dissimilar political positions as the Shogunate capital city and the Daimyo's provincial castle town.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.689-699
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• 2023

독일의 집합주택 계획의 과정은 산업혁명 이후 도시로의 인구집중에 의한 도시화 현상과 더불어 두 차례의 세계대전 이후 국가를 재건하는 과정에서 사회상의 변화와 더불어 주택의 공급을 도모하면서 근현대건축의 이념을 정립하는 방법을 수반하여 계획적 토대를 정립하여 온 전개 양상을 복합적으로 고찰해 보는 데에 그 의미가 있다. 이를 통하여 독일의 현대집합주택 계획의 특징과 유형의 이해, 그리고 이들이 도시적 맥락과 상호작용하게 되는 배경을 사회적 상황과 역사적 과정을 중첩하여 개괄적으로 살펴보고 현대 집합주택에 보편적으로 적용되는 계획적 유형을 고찰해 봄으로서 이들이 근현대의 과정을 이어주는 연장선상에 있음을 이해하도록 한다.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.265-293
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• 2013

The second volume of the Iwakura Reports is the writing on Britain. What is interesting, here, is the fact that the mission had visited the large factories in the major industrial cities. The editor of the reports in particular recorded the productive processes of goods at many factories, and wrote his own impressions of the landscapes of those cities. Those records let us know the real situation of the British economy at the time. Japanese historians admit that the activities of the Iwakura mission largely contributed to Japan's modernization. But there are few studies that analyzed the second volume of the reports which had mainly described modern factories and industrial cities. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the records of the reports on the British industry, and to examine what they recognized from the industrial civilization. The Iwakura Reports would furnish important information to the notables that had initiated the early industrialization in Japan. After the mission's visit, some British companies' export to Japan increased rapidly. What is more important, however, is that the British economy was losing its own vitality in the late Victorian age in which Japan began to be rapidly industrialized. During the Japanese industrialization, some Japanese diplomats and factory-owners might have realized the decline of the British industry. Britain began to be overtaken by her rival countries such as the United States and Germany. The Iwakura Reports do not let us know the change of the British manufacture in the late nineteenth century. Later, the leading figures of Japan's industrialization might focus on the rise of Germany or America. As the Iwakura mission had visited Britain in the early stage of the competition between Britain and other rival states, they could not know the real situation of the British economy. Furthermore, with compiling his manuscripts, the editor of the reports could not help being based upon the factory-owners' explanations and their brochures. This is the reason why he focused only on the excellence and competitiveness of British manufacture.

• 감성과학
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• 제9권spc3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2006

본 연구는 일본의 도시공간을 중심으로 D/H와 둘러싸인감이 어느 정도 관련성이 있는지 평가하였다. 동일 샘플에 대해 D/H의 각도 순위와 실험자가 느끼는 실제공간의 둘러싸인감 순위를 순위상관분석을 통해 평가한 결과 42개의 전체샘플(0.49), 25개의 내부공간 샘플(0.63), 17개의 외부공간 샘플(0.59)의 상관성이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 D/H의 각도로 현대의 공간을 설명하는 것은 한계성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 현대도시는 공간구조가 복잡한 요소로 구성되어 있어 과거의 D/H와 둘러싸인감 이론을 바탕으로 공간을 평가하는 것은 한계성이 있다. 따라서 앞으로 둘러싸인감을 평가하기 위해서는 새로운 평가모델이 구축되어야 할 것이며 도시공간과 둘러싸인감의 영향에 관한 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find out how the urban landscape of Korea, especially Seoul, changed during the last half century since 1945. The modernization of Korea, which had begun in 1960's after the chaotic period caused by Korean War, influenced the rapid growth of cities and the radical changes of its structures. But the Western-minded planning theories based on rationalism and positivism was directly applied in developing our traditional cities and consequently the modern urban landscape including urban pattern, architectural style, and commercial and residential landscape revealed disharmony, discrepancy and inconsistency in skylines, streetscape and so on. The findings are summarized as follows. 1. Because the urban structure and pattern changed in undesirable manner in terms of land use and traffic circulation, cities as a whole resulted in exclusive and heterogeneous landscape, and citizens lost their identity and felt alienated. 2. Because the architectural forms of important and monumental buildings which influenced the character of streetscape were not so successful in inventing contemporary Korean Style in true sense, we still have difficulty in creating the urban landscape of originality and legibility. 3. Because from the beginning of this era almost all highrise buildings were designed by modernism-oriented western architects, the commercial landscape of central cities did not evoke a sense of place, and after the introduction of postmodernism this tendency is ore striking even in everyday ordinary streetscape. 4. The newly formed residential landscape which was mainly composed of highly dense and highrise apartment, not only evolved very overwhelming and ugly visual impact but also exposed many social problems in living condition, neighboring and face-to-face contact. In conclusion, in ordr to define the 'Koreanness' of our urban landscape, we have to struggle to combine traditional architectural heritage and native townscape with Western shape, thought and theory, no matter how difficult it may be.

• 지역연구
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2021

4차산업혁명 기술의 등장 및 발전과 함께 현대 도시는 스마트도시로 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 여러 4차산업혁명 기술 중 블록체인은 기술적 혁신성뿐 아니라 사회적 혁명성도 포함한다는 독특한 특성이 있다. 이 때문에 블록체인은 스마트도시가 종합적으로 발전하는 데 있어서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 현재 우리나라에서 스마트도시와 관련된 블록체인 연구나 정책은 주로 기술적인 측면에 머물고 있으며 그 이상의 잠재력은 간과하고 있다. 본 연구는 스마트도시와 블록체인에 대한 종합적인 검토를 통해 블록체인 기술이 사회, 경제, 제도, 거버넌스 등 다양한 영역에서 스마트도시의 발전에 어떻게 이바지할 수 있는지 밝히는 것을 목표로 한다. 또한, 현재 각 영역에서 시범적으로 추진되고 있는 프로젝트들을 살펴볼 것이다. 연구 결과 국내에서는 신원인증, 물류, 지역화폐 등 다양한 영역에서 스마트도시에 블록체인을 적용하는 시도가 활발하게 일어나고 있지만 아직 이들 블록체인 프로젝트들은 개별로 추진되고 있을 뿐 스마트도시라는 공통된 영역에서 종합적으로 발전하는 단계까지 도달하지 못한 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 블록체인이 스마트도시에 더욱 효과적으로 기여하기 위해 기업, 정부, 시민이 함께 블록체인의 지속가능성과 타 기술과의 융합에 대해 심도 있게 논의할 필요가 있다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.105-127
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• 2005

This research is on the characteristics and roles of important cities of Germany based on the history of the modern art museum and its possessions. Especially, it is focusing on the modern art museums in the western Germany including Dusseldorf, Koln, and Frankfrut that have shown economic recovery from the Miracle of Rhine; the capital city of Germany, Berlin, as well as Munich, the second capital city of Germany. Here, it harmonizes with the tradition of the past and simultaneously, it spreads the concept and role of the new museum as a forerunner. After the WWII, this is the most active of supporting investment for art museums and authors from the economic development. Also, it represents Germany with its national promotion of culture and arts. The modern art museums of Germany emphasize the mission that they exist for the people and the nation as well as creation of new art culture. These art museums working for national culture and art development do not simply collect and preserve arts. They induce active involvement from the public and keep in mind of national objectives. Here, art museums become and educational setting for the people and a room for new art culture. This research is on Germany modern art museum and it is composed of important 'public institutions' of Germany that critically influence the growth of world-renown authors. After the unification of Germany, Munchen and the western region became an important places centering around new Berlin modern art museum. They are the best places that show the national objectives and regional characteristics. Also, there are art museum educational curriculum and open space for the people by explaining exhibition plans and contents. Furthermore, there are two characteristics of German modern art museums that are noteworthy. Firstly, there are Berlin's Neue Nationalgalerie, Munchen's Pinakothek de Moderne, and Dusseldorf's 'K20' (Kunstsammlung N-Westfalen K20) that are the roots of modern art. These modern art museums exhibit popular author's collection repeatedly. This has a tendency to standardize audiences' view or to make audiences bored. It is becoming more like a trend for art work to appear and disappear. Despite these problems, German modern art museums play a critical role for a new cultural art creation and for the national identity by attempting to show the works of domestic authors as well as an intensive collection of world-renown authors' works. Secondly, there is a role as a new art museum to work together with people. It strives to continuously educate difficult modem arts, exhibits in an open space stimulating interest, participation, and conversations. From these roles, Hamburger Bahnhof Museum fur Gegenwart or Dusseldorf's 'K21, Frankfurt Museum $f\"{u}r$ Moderne Kunst, $Kf\"{o}ln$ Museum Ludwig are given new attention. Here, they emphasize the importance of communicating with the audiences and provides experiences that are different from the original spaces by showing the architecture tecture style of the art museum. In conclusion, German modern art museums attempt various changes by connecting to art education. With art museum activities, there forms a connection between arts and the lives of people, and from this, creative cultural art focused on the art museum borns. This is not only limited to Germany, the U.S., etc. We, too, should pay attention to new art culture creation from changes of role and function of modern art museums.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.101-116
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• 2000

Many cultural heritages for the modern ages in Korea are becoming lost rapidly as a result of subsequent technological innovation and changes in industrial structures and other reasons. But they are indispensable for an understanding of history, tradition culture of Korea, and form the basis for development and advancement of future culture at the same time. Therefore, this study is aimed to review the protection of cultural heritage in Japan, establishing the protection policies in Korea. In Japan, The Advisory Committee for the Preservation and Utilization of Modern Cultural heritage was organized by The Agency for Cultural Affairs. And this classified modern cultural heritage into four fields, as like; (1)monuments, (2)buildings, (3)fine arts and historical heritage, and (4)life, culture, and technology to pursue concrete research and study. The next step is tarrying out investigations to identify these cultural heritages, which were once the backbone of Japanese modernization and are now in the process of being lost, in an effort to preserve them as cultural heritage of the Japanese modernization period. The investigation will have conducted on an about eight year scheme starting with 1996. And it's will ask all local boards of education(of the prefectures, cities, towns, and villages throughout the country) to supply all related records or documents available and to cooperate in field studies. So now, many cultural heritages for the modern ages in Japan have been designated as Important Cultural Properties, Registered Tangible Cultural Properties, Monuments, etc. And they have been prepared various tax policy(ex, reduction of the real estate tax). Also, that's examples are not only one by one but magnified with protection of large-scale construction associated with region. In addition, magnified with region's activities. In conclusion, in the process, protection has been extended to a broader variety of cultural properties and much consideration has been given to the methods of protection in Japan.