• 의학교육논단
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to assess third-year medical students' competency for development or revision of the undergraduate curriculum and assessments. One hundred and twenty-seven third-year medical students at the Pusan National University were included in the study. After third- and fourth-year students took a common written examination, clinical performance examination (CPX), and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) with common items as a summative assessment, the third-year students' competency was compared with 132 forth-year students' results. The correlation of the written examination and CPX/OSCE was analysed, and the summative results were compared with the grade point average (GPA) through the second year, CPX/ OSCE in the second year, and GPA in the clerkship. On the written examination, the third-year students' mean score was lower than the fourth-year students' by over 11 points, whereas the gap in the CPX/OSCE was 4 points and there was no difference in the OSCE. There was a moderate correlation between the written examination and the CPX/OSCE scores (R=0.371, p<0.01). The written examination was highly correlated with GPA through the second year, which mainly evaluated medical knowledge (R=0.771, p<0.01). A relatively high correlation was observed between CPX/OSCE scores and GPA in the clerkship (R=0.641, p<0.01). The summative CPX/ OSCE scores showed a moderate correlation with formative CPX/OSCE scores in the second year (R=0.464, p< 0.01). The third-year students' score was quite low on the written examination and slightly low on the CPX/OSCE compared to that of the fourth-year students. The written examination and CPX/OSCE cannot replace each other and should be combined with other methods of evaluation to measure competency. Early OSCE and workplacebased assessment should be useful in the early assessment of clinical skills competency.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

The aims of this study were to assess the quality of breakfast intake and to examine the relation of breakfast intake to the quality of daily diet in Korean school-aged children. The one day 24-hour recall data from the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed. The sample of this study consisted of 1,600 children aged 7 to 18 years attending elementary, middle, or high schools. By calorie level of breakfast intake, the children were grouped into Breakfast Skippers (0 kcal; n = 268, 17%), Low Calorie Breakfast Eaters (0 kcal < and < 10% of Estimated Energy Requirement (EER); n = 190, 12%), Moderate Calorie Breakfast Eaters (10% ${\leq}$ and < 25% of EER; n = 861, 54%), or Sufficient Calorie Breakfast Eaters (${\geq}$ 25% of EER; n = 281, 17%). General characteristics including weight status and nutritional quality of breakfast and daily diet were compared among the four groups. The average daily calorie intake of Breakfast Skippers, Low, Moderate, and Sufficient Breakfast Eaters were 1,771 kcal, 1,719 kcal, 1,902 kcal, and 2,349 kcal, respectively; they were 86.3%, 85.9%, 98.0%, and 124.9% of EER, respectively. The percentages of students consuming daily diet with protein, vitamin A, $B_1$, $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, or iron less than Estimated Average Requirement decreased in the breakfast groups with the higher calorie level of breakfast intake. The Dietary Variety Score of daily diet significantly increased by increasing the calorie level of breakfast intake. The results indicated the quality of daily diet was positively related to the level of calorie intake from breakfast.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2019

Objectives: To objectively determine and compare the physical activity (PA) levels of adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and adults without T2D in Vietnam using an accelerometer. Methods: A total of 120 participants with newly diagnosed T2D and 120 adults without T2D were recruited from a large hospital in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. All participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer for at least 5 days, including 1 weekend day. Freedson cut-off points were used to estimate different intensities of PA. In addition, comparisons between groups were made with respect to achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) recommended PA guidelines. Results: Men with T2D had significantly lower levels of PA than men without T2D. The respective multivariable-adjusted mean values of daily step count, daily light-intensity, moderate-intensity, and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were approximately 14%, 19%, and 22% lower in the men with T2D than in their non-T2D counterparts. However, women with T2D accumulated a greater number of steps per day than women without T2D. Only 59.2% of the adults with T2D met the minimum recommended level of PA (WHO and IDF), compared to 74.2% of adults without T2D (p<0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, participants with T2D experienced 50.0% significantly lower odds of achieving PA recommendations. Conclusions: Vietnamese men with T2D were less physically active than those without T2D, and adults with T2D were less likely to meet PA guidelines. The results suggest a need for integrating PA into the self-management of this chronic condition.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.121-135
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• 2022

Many public buildings such as schools, hospitals, etc., where partial infill walls are present in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, have undergone undesirable damage/failure attributed to captive column effect during a moderate to severe earthquake shaking. Often, the situation gets worsened when these RC frames are non-ductile in nature, thus reducing the deformable capability of the frame. Also, in many parts of the Indian subcontinent, it is mandatory to use fly-ash bricks for construction so as to reduce the burden on the disposal of fly-ash produced at thermal power plants. In some scenario, when the non-ductile RC frame, partially infilled by fly-ash bricks, suffers major structural damage, the challenge remains on how to retrofit and restore it. Thus, in this study, two full-scale one-bay, one-story non-ductile RC frame models, namely, bare frame and RC partially infilled frame with fly-ash bricks in 50% of its opening area are considered. In the previous experiments, these models were subjected to slow-cyclic displacement-controlled loading to replicate damage due to a moderate earthquake. Now, in this study these damaged frames were retrofitted and an experimental investigation was performed on the retrofitted specimens to examine the effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting scheme. A hybrid retrofitting technique combining epoxy injection grouting with an innovative and easy-to-implement steel jacketing technique was proposed. This proposed retrofitting method has ensured proper confinement of damaged concrete. The retrofitted models were subjected to the same slow cyclic displacement-controlled loading which was used to damage the frames. The experimental study concluded that the hybrid retrofitting technique was quite effective in enhancing and regaining various seismic performance parameters such as, lateral strength and lateral stiffness of partially fly-ash brick infilled RC frame. Thus, the steel jacketing retrofitting scheme along with the epoxy injection grouting can be relied on for possible repair of the structural members which are damaged due to the captive column effect during the seismic shaking.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze educational effect of ultrasound examination training with ultrasonic phantom in the department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology. Methods: All 4^th grade students in 2021 and 2022 of school of Korean Medicine, Dong-Shin University must be trained in the department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology according to ultrasound examination training guideline including Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). After completing ultrasound examination training, we distributed questionnaires to them about a confidence before OSCE and after OSCE, difficulty in using ultrasound, ultrasound reading, difficulty with probe manipulation and computer operation, ultrasound understanding, clinical usefulness. And then, we analyzed the related factors including descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, student's t-test and paired t-test by SPSS 12.0. Results: Confidence in using ultrasound showed differences among students by gender and year, but it was not statistically significant. The difficulty of ultrasound use and ultrasound reading was at a moderate level, and the gender difference was not significant, and the difference between the practical students by year was statistically significant. The difficulty of the operation of the ultrasonic probe was at a normal level, and the difference between the students in practice by gender and year was not statistically significant. Although they answered that they had a very good understanding of the use of ultrasound, there was a gender difference and it was statistically significant, and practical students by year was not statistically significant. They answered that the effect on clinical use was very sufficient, but it was not statistically significant. The appropriateness of the practice time was evaluated at a moderate level. Conclusions: The use and educational effect of ultrasound examination using ultrasonic phantom in the department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology clinical practice education was very effective.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.509-521
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• 2022

Purpose: Systemic health has a profound effect on dental treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate peri-implant bone loss and health screening data to discover factors that may influence peri-implant diseases. Methods: This study analyzed the panoramic X-rays of patients undergoing health screenings at the Health Promotion Center at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital in 2018, to investigate the relationship between laboratory test results and dental data. The patients' physical data, such as height, weight, blood pressure, hematological and urine analysis data, smoking habits, number of remaining teeth, alveolar bone level, number of implants, and degree of bone loss around the implant, were analyzed for correlations. Their associations with glycated hemoglobin, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and severity of periodontitis were evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: In total, 2,264 patients opted in for dental health examinations, of whom 752 (33.2%) had undergone dental implant treatment. These 752 patients had a total of 2,658 implants, and 129 (17.1%) had 1 or more implants with peri-implant bone loss of 2 mm or more. The number of these implants was 204 (7%). Body mass index and smoking were not correlated with peri-implant bone loss. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that the severity of periodontal bone loss (moderate bone loss: odds ratio [OR], 3.154; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.175-8.475 and severe bone loss: OR, 7.751; 95% CI, 3.003-20) and BUN (OR, 1.082; 95% CI, 1.027-1.141) showed statistically significant predictive value. The severity of periodontitis showed greater predictive value than the biochemical parameters of blood glucose, renal function, and liver function. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that periodontal bone loss was a predictor of peri-implant bone loss, suggesting that periodontal disease should be controlled before dental treatment. Diligent maintenance care is recommended for patients with moderate to severe periodontal bone loss.

• 아동학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.141-155
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• 2011

This study investigated whether middle school and high school students' coping strategies and positive thinking patterns moderate the negative effects of self-discrepancies on maladjustive emotions represented by depression and anxiety. The study participants consisted of 308 middle school students and 301 high school students from schools from metropolitan areas in Korea. The results of this study were as followed. First, the high school students reported higher scores in terms of depression, anxiety, and active coping strategies than the middle school students, while the middle school students reported higher scores in terms of positive thinking than the high school students. Second, the high school students' active coping strategies and positive thinking patterns moderated the negative effects of self-discrepancies on maladjustive emotions. These results indicate that both middle and high school students' self-discrepancies negatively affected maladjustive emotions, whereas active coping strategies and positive thinking patterns positively affected maladjustive emotions. In addition, active coping strategies and positive thinking patterns had a moderating effect only among the high school students.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8391-8396
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• 2016

Thailand is becoming an aging society, this presenting as a serious problem situation especially regarding health. Chronic diseases found frequently in the elderly may be related to dietary intake and life style. Surin province has been reported as a risk area for liver fluke with a high incidence of cholangiocarcinma especially in the elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional status and associated factors among elderly in Surin province, northeast of Thailand. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 people aged 60 years and above, between September 2012 and July 2014. The participants were selected through a randomized systematic sampling method and completed a pre-designed questionnaire with general information, food recorded, weight, height, waist circumference, and behavior regarding to food consume related to liver fluke infection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The majority of participants was female (63.5%), age between 60-70 years old (75.6%), with elementary school education (96.6%), living with their (78.9%), and having underlying diseases (38.3%). Carbohydrate (95.3%) was need to improve the consumption. The participants demonstrated under-nutrition (24.4%), over-nutrition (16.4%), and obesity (15.4%). Elderly had a waist circumference as the higher than normal level (34.0%). Gender, female, age 71-80 years old, elementary school and underlying diseases were significantly associated with poor nutritional status. The majority of them had a high knowledge (43.0%), moderate attitude (44.4%), and moderate practice (46.2%) regarding food consumption related to liver fluke infection. In conclusion, these findings data indicated that elderly age group often have an under- or over-nutritional status. Carbohydrate consumption needs to be improved. Some elderly show behavior regarding food consumption that is related to liver fluke infection hat needs to be improved, so that health education pertaining good nutrition is required.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1256-1262
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• 1997

연구배경 : 유착분지는 염증세포와 내피세포의 유착과, 이동, 동원에 관여하는 것으로 알려졌다. 이러한 유착분자가운데 ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin은 각종 염증질환이나 알레르기질환, 박테리아나 바이러스성 질환 및 어떤 암종에서 혈청내 농도가 증가되어 있음이 보고되었다. 결핵은 Mycobacterium tuberculosis에 의하여 생기는 감염으로 세포면역반응이 중요한 역할을 하며 결핵병변 부위로 여러 염증세포들이 모여드는 것이 병인에 중요한 역할을 하고 여기에 유착분자들이 관여하는 것으로 보인다. 이에 저자들은 경증, 중등증, 중증 결핵 환자의 혈청에서 sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin농도를 측정하여 결핵의 활성 정도와 농도와의 관계, 결핵 병인과의 관계에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 1월부터 1996년 3월까지 전북대학교병원 내과에 입원하여 진단 받은 환자 51명을 대상으로 하였으며, 정상 대조군운 5명으로 하였다. 결핵의 진단은 흉부 X선 촬영 및 도말검사나 배양경사로 하였으며 환자군은 국제 결핵 협회분류에 따라 각각 경증, 중등증, 중증으로 분류하였다. Genzyme사의 Predicta ICAM-1 ELISA kit, R & D systems사의 VCAM-1 ELISA kit와 E-selectin ELISA kit를 이용하여 혈청 sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin 농도를 측정하였다. 결 과 : sICAM-1은 정상대조군에 비해 중등증 및 중증의 활동성 폐결핵환자에서 유의있게 증가하였고, 질병의 증도에 따라 sICAM-1의 농도가 유의있게 증가하였다. sVCAM-1은 정상 대조군에 비해 활동성 폐결핵 환자에서 유의있게 증가하였으나 질병의 중증도에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. sE-selectin은 중증의 활동성 폐결핵 환자에서만 유의있게 증가하였다. 결 론 : sICAM -1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin이 결핵의 병인에 관여하고, 이중 sICAM-1과 sVCAM-1이 유의하게 결핵의 활성도를 반영하며, 특히 sICAM-1은 중증도를 반영하는 유용한 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.101-125
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• 2014

본 연구는 보육료 지원 확대가 미취학자녀가 있는 중하위소득 가구 여성의 노동, 돌봄, 가사, 여가시간 배분에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 2004년과 2009년 통계청 생활시간자료를 이용하여 SUR(Seemingly unrelated regression) 방식을 적용한 삼중차이 토빗분석을 실시한 결과, 보육료 지원 확대는 미취학자녀가 있는 중하위소득 가구 여성의 노동, 돌봄, 가사시간 배분에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 보육료 지원 확대로 인해 미취학자녀가 있는 중하위소득 가구 여성의 노동시간은 증가하였으며, 돌봄과 가사시간은 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 여성의 경제활동 참여 증진과 자녀양육부담 완화라는 보육료 지원제도의 목표에 부합하는 결과이다. 하지만 그 유의수준이 낮고, 미취학자녀가 있는 여성 전체의 보육료 지원 확대 전후 시간 변화는 여전히 노동(-), 돌봄(+), 가사(+)였다는 점을 고려할 때 보육료 지원 확대가 미취학자녀가 있는 여성의 생활시간 배분에 미치는 영향은 미미할 수 있음을 유추할 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 보육료 지원의 정책효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 보육료 지원 확대와 더불어 보육서비스의 공급구조와 품질관리에 내실을 기하고, 경력단절 예방을 위한 고용정책을 개선할 필요가 있음을 제언하였다.