• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.422-432
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• 2018

This study is designed to find out the causal relation between social support, career capability, career decision-making self-efficacy and career adaptability for the career interrupted women. For this purposes the scales of social support, career capability, career decision related self efficacy and career adaptability were used. For this study, the questionnaires were distributed from Mar. 2, 2018 to Apr. 6, 2018 to 960 to the career interrupted women who had the experience of getting training at the vocational school, beauty school and women's centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi area (composed of married women in their 30s and 50s who were receiving the education of beauty care for more than 1-9 months). 920 questionnaires got responded from the women and they were used for the final analysis with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, exploratory factor analysis, factor analysis, frequency analysis and correlation analysis performed with SPSS program and the structural equation performed with AMOS program. The findings from the analysis are as follows; First, it was found that the structural model between career capability, social support, career decision related self efficacy and career adaptability are proper. Second, the path coefficient of the structural model was found to be statistically significant with respect to all of career capability, social support, career decision related self efficacy and career adaptability. Third, it was found that in the relation between career capability, social support and career adaptability, the career decision related self efficacy has the mediating effect. These results show that if the level of career adaptability is to be enhanced for the caber interrupted women, the career decision related self efficacy can make the critical role in addition to the career capability and social support. So, this study tries to offer the basic data required for the preparation of career and the development of future career for the success of career interrupted women going back to the workplace.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.432-442
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• 2009

This research had a look at what effect of the pursing benefit has on satisfaction, behavioral intention, and attitude of the visitors to the Gwangju Biennale. The survey was conducted for 320 visitors who finished their exhibition viewing schedule starting September 5 until September 19 [15 days]. 300 questionnaires excepting 20 unfaithfully responded copies among those collected from the surveyed were used for the analysis. As for the statistical disposal of the collected data, after going through the process of Data Coding, this research conducted an frequency analysis using SPSS 12.0 for window & statistics package program AMOS 5.0, an exploratory factor analysis to test the reliability and feasibility of the data, and reliability test of each factor; then, this research tested a hypothesis using structural equation model. The research results are as follows: First, as a result of factor analysis of the 15 pursuing benefits, 4 factors were elicited, such as pursuit of an intellectual experience, pursuit of a novel, exotic experience, pursuit of interpersonal, cultural exchange, and pursuit of internal fullness, etc.; as a result of factor analysis of the 10 attitudes, three factors were elicited, such as affective, cognitive, behavioral factors; as a result of factor analysis of 12 types of satisfaction, two factors, such as satisfaction with facilities and convenience matters, etc. were elicited. Second, as a result of the suitability of research model, suitability, its fidelity came out as $x^2=107.508$, d.f.=48, p=.000, Q=2.240, GFI=.942, AGFI=.906, RMR=.024, NFI=.952, TLI=.963, CFI=.973, RMSEA=.064. Third, pursuing benefit was found out to have a positive effect on satisfaction, attitude, and behavioral intention. Fourth, attitude was found out to have a positive significant effect on satisfaction. Fifth, attitude was found out to have a positive effect on behavioral intention. Sixth, satisfaction was found out to have a positive effect on behavioral intention.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 2017

We, for the first time, estimated daily and monthly surface nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) volume mixing ratio (VMR) using three regression models with $NO_2$ tropospheric vertical column density (OMIT-rop $NO_2$ VCD) data obtained from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) in Seoul in South Korea at OMI overpass time (13:45 local time). First linear regression model (M1) is a linear regression equation between OMI-Trop $NO_2$ VCD and in situ $NO_2$ VMR, whereas second linear regression model (M2) incorporates boundary layer height (BLH), temperature, and pressure obtained from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and OMI-Trop $NO_2$ VCD. Last models (M3M & M3D) are a multiple linear regression equations which include OMI-Trop $NO_2$ VCD, BLH and various meteorological data. In this study, we determined three types of regression models for the training period between 2009 and 2011, and the performance of those regression models was evaluated via comparison with the surface $NO_2$ VMR data obtained from in situ measurements (in situ $NO_2$ VMR) in 2012. The monthly mean surface $NO_2$ VMRs estimated by M3M showed good agreements with those of in situ measurements(avg. R = 0.77). In terms of the daily (13:45LT) $NO_2$ estimation, the highest correlations were found between the daily surface $NO_2$ VMRs estimated by M3D and in-situ $NO_2$ VMRs (avg. R = 0.55). The estimated surface $NO_2$ VMRs by three modelstend to be underestimated. We also discussed the performance of these empirical modelsfor surface $NO_2$ VMR estimation with respect to otherstatistical data such asroot mean square error (RMSE), mean bias, mean absolute error (MAE), and percent difference. This present study shows a possibility of estimating surface $NO_2$ VMR using the satellite measurement.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 1999

Recently, transport parameters of conservative solutes such as KCl in a porous medium have been successfully determined using time domain reflectometry (TDR) . This study was initiated to Investigate the applicability of TDR technique to monitoring the fate of a heavy metal ion in a sandy soil and the distribution of its concentration along travel distance with time. A column test was conducted in a laboratory that consists of monitoring both resident and flux concentrations of $ZnCl_2$in a sandy soil under a breakthrough condition. A tracer of $ZnCl_2$(10 g/L) was injected onto the top surface of the sample as pulse type as soon as a steady-state condition was achieved. Time-series measurements of resistance and electrical conductivity were performed at 10 cm and 20 cm of distances from the inlet boundary by horizontal-positioning of parallel TDR metallic rods and using an EC-meter for the effluent exiting the bottom boundary respectively. In addition. Zn ions of the effluent were analyzed by ICP-AES. Since the mode and position of concentration detected by TDR and effluent were different, comparison between ICP analysis and TDR-detected concentration was made by predicting flux concentration using CDE model accommodating a decay constant with the transport parameters obtained from the resident concentrations. The experimental results showed that the resident concentration resulted in earlier and higher peak than the flux concentration obtained by EC-meter, implying the homogeneity of the packed sandy soil. A close agreement was found between the predicted from the transport parameters obtained by TDR and the measured $ZnCl_2$concentration. This indicates that TDR technique can also be applied to monitoring heavy metal concentrations in the soil once that a decay constant is obtained for a given soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.342-346
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• 1996

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the mode of changes in exchangeable K contents in the soil under the continued(for three years) application of different levels of K fertilizer(KCl) with and without application of conventional compost(CC) and chicken-dung derived compost (CDC) for red pepper cultivation at two field parcels with different exchageable K contents on Gopyong silty loamy soil. The application of KCl at standard rate for red-pepper resulted in the increase in exchangeable K in the soil after each harvest of the crop. while no application of K and the application of KCl at one half of the standard rate tended to lower the exchangeable K in top soil with the cultivation of the crop. The application of compost in addition to KCl ammplified the difference in exchangeable K in the soil before and after the harvest of each crop. An equation could resonably well predict the exchageable K content in top soil after the years of crop cultivation, under different treatments. were developed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2010

Until now, the pore size distribution, PSD, of soil profile has been calculated from soil moisture characteristic data by water release method or mercury porosimetry using the capillary rise equation. But the current methods are often difficult to use and time consuming. Thus, in this work, theoretical framework for an easy and fast technique was suggested to estimate the PSD from unsaturated hydraulic conductivity data in an undisturbed field soil profile. In this study, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity data were collected and simulated by the variation of soil parameters in the given boundary conditions (Brooks and Corey soil parameters, ${\alpha}_{BC}=1-5L^{-1}$, b = 1 - 10; van Genuchten soil parameters, ${\alpha}_{VG}=0.001-1.0L^{-1}$, m = 0.1 - 0.9). Then, $K_s$ (1.0 cm $h^{-1})$ was used as the fixed input parameter for the simulation of each models. The PSDs were estimated from the collected K(h) data by model simulation. In the simulation of Brooks-Corey parameter, the saturated hydraulic conductivity, $K_s$, played a role of scaling factor for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, K(h) Changes of parameter b explained the shape of PSD curve of soil intimately, and a ${\alpha}_{BC}$ affected on the sensitivity of PSD curve. In the case of van Genuchten model, $K_s$ and ${\alpha}_{VG}$ played the role of scaling factor for a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, respectively. Parameter m described the shape of PSD curve and K(h) systematically. This study suggests that the new theoretical technique can be applied to the in situ prediction of PSD in undisturbed field soil.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.495-504
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop items to measure scientific core competency based on statements of scientific core competencies presented in the 2015 revised national science curriculum and to identify the validity and reliability of the newly developed items. Based on the explanations of scientific reasoning, scientific inquiry ability, scientific problem-solving ability, scientific communication ability, participation/lifelong learning in science presented in the 2015 revised national science curriculum, 25 items were developed by five science education experts. To explore the validity and reliability of the developed items, data were collected from 11,348 students in elementary, middle, and high schools nationwide. The content validity, substantive validity, the internal structure validity, and generalization validity proposed by Messick (1995) were examined by various statistical tests. The results of the MNSQ analysis showed that there were no nonconformity in the 25 items. The confirmatory factor analysis using the structural equation modeling revealed that the five-factor model was a suitable model. The differential item functioning analyses by gender and school level revealed that the nonconformity DIF value was found in only two out of 175 cases. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance by gender and school level showed significant differences of test scores between schools and genders, and the interaction effect was also significant. The assessment items of science core competency based on the 2015 revised national science curriculum are valid from a psychometric point of view and can be used in the science education field.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.143-150
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• 2020

This research is intended to identify how office worker's recognition of strength affects the intention of starting a business when it is used as a medium for utilizing strength. The survey period was conducted for two months from January 17, 2019 to March 8, 2019. In order to achieve the object of this study, a significant number of employees have been collected nationwide, and 287 office workers were analyzed after collecting 300 questionaires, excluding 13 office workers who were not sincere. The significant data were analyzed by utilizing the structural equation and technical statistics and by verifying the conformity of structural model and measurement model and by investigating the relationship between variables. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, employee's perception of strength has been found to have a significant effect on the utilizing of strength. Second, the use of workers' strengths has been found to have a significant effect on the intention of starting a business. Third, it has been confirmed that in the relationship between the employee's perception of strength and intention to start a business, the recognition of strength has a significant effect on the intention of starting a business only through the use of strength. Most office workers are nervous about the future and make various plans. The time to live after retirement is getting longer and jobs and working hours are shrinking at an alarming rate. According to the analysis on the status of small business owners in the mid-term of 2017 data, the average monthly operating profit of small business owners across the country is decreasing over the years, and most start-ups are subsistence-type start-ups, and they decide to start their own businesses because they have no other choice than start-ups. As the number of small business owners suffering from financial difficulties has increased since the financial crisis and insecurity of job is pushing those with financial difficulties after retirement to the battleground of the start-up market, the result of this research suggest that the workers need to recognize their own strength and enhance the importance of utilizing the strength.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.71-102
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• 2007

There were many comprehensive analyses conducted within the existing research activities wherein factors affecting technology progress including investment in R&D vis-${\Box}$-vis their influences act as the determinants of TFP. Note, however, that there were few comprehensive analysis in the industrial research performed regarding the impact of the economy of scale as it affects TFP; most of these research studies dealt with the analysis of the non -parametric Malmquist productivity index or used the stochastic frontier production function models. No comprehensive analysis on the impacts of individual independent variables affecting TFP was performed. Therefore, this study obtained the TFP increase rate of each industry by analyzing the factors of the existing growth accounting equation and comprehensively analyzed the TFP determinants by constructing a comprehensive analysis model considering the investment in R&D and economy of scale (smallness by industry) as the influencers of TFP by industry. First, for the TFP increase rate of the 15 industries as a whole, the annual average increase rate for 1993${\sim}$ 1997 was approximately 3.8% only; during 1999${\sim}$ 2000 following the foreign exchange crisis, however, the annual increase rate rose to approximately 7.8%. By industry, the annual average increase rate of TFP between 1993 and 2000 stood at 11.6%, the highest in the electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing business and IT manufacturing sector. In contrast, a -0.4% increase rate was recorded in the furniture and other product manufacturing sectors. In the case of the service industry, the TFP increase rate was 7.3% in the transportation, warehousing, and communication sectors. This is much higher than the 2.9% posted in the electricity, water, and gas sectors and -3.7% recorded in the wholesale, food, and hotel businesses. The results of the comprehensive analysis conducted on the determinants of TFP showed that the correlations between R&D and TFP in general were positive (+) correlations whose significance has yet to be validated; in the model where the self-employed and unpaid family workers were used as proxy variables indicating the smallness of industry out of the total number of workers, however, significant negative (-) correlations were noted. On the other hand, the estimation factors of variables surrogating the smallness of scale in each industry showed that a consistently high "smallness of scale" in an industry means a decrease in the increase rate of TFP in the same industry.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.324-333
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• 1983

Modeling of longterm runoff is theoritically based on waterbalance analysis. Simplified equation of water balance with rainfall, evapotranspiration and soil moisture storage could be formulated into regression model with variables of rainfall, pan evaporation and previous-month streamflow. The hydrologic response of water shed could be represented lumpedly, qualitatively and deductively by regression coefficients of water-balance regression model. Characteristics of regression modeling of water-balance were summarized as follows; 1. Regression coefficient $b_1$ represents the rate of direct runoff component of precipitation. The bigger the drainage area, the less $b_1$ value. This means that there are more losses of interception, surface detension and transmission in the downstream watershed. 2. Regression coefficient $b_2$ represents the rate of baseflow due to changes of soil moisture storage. The bigger the drainage area and the milder the watershed slope, the bigger b, value. This means that there are more storage capacity of watershed in mild downstream watershed. 3. Regression coefficient $b_3$ represents the rate of watershed evaporation. This depends on the s oil type, soil coverage and soil moisture status. The bigger the drainage area, the bigger $b_3$ value. This means that there are more watershed evaporation loss since more storage of surface and subsurface water would be in down stream watershed. 4. It was possible to explain the seasonal variation of streamflow reasonably through regress ion coefficients. 5. Percentages of beta coefficients what is a relative measure of the importance of rainfall, evaporation and soil moisture storage to month streamflow are approximately 89%, 9% and 11% respectively.