• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2917-2920
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• 2011

This study aim at demonstrating the environmental performance of freight transport of the rail and road mode through an indicator of embodied energy and $CO_2$ emissions. Using the concept of LCA, the scope of evaluation includes energy production, supply chain activity and operation. The results of embodied energy and $CO_2$ emissions are normalized by means of traffic volume. The results shown that embodied $CO_2$ emissions road mode is 607.07 $gCO_2-eq./tkm$ and 284.67 $gCO_2-eq./tkm$ for road and rail mode, respectively. This number reveals that road mode is 2.1 times larger than rail mode. The results also indicate that the main contribution of $CO_2$ emission from road mode is in the operation stage, which accounts for 70%; however, it is the construction and supply chain stage that accounts for over 50% of the emission of rail mode.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.532-538
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• 2003

This paper studies on the noise reduction for a small automobile DC Motor (a window motor) using the 6 sigma process. The application of 6 sigma process suggested reliable and valuable statistical data for the quality of the DC motor at the production line. In the measurement step in 6 sigma process. the FMEA(failure mode effect analysis) were used for the detection of noise sources. The application of 6 sigma Process gave not only the improving method for the quality of the DC motor but also the confidence of improvement Itself since it was done on the basis of the test results for a number of DC motors at the production line. Consequently the 6 sigma process was proved very effective for the noise reduction at the production line.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.742-747
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• 2007

In 2-dimensional SCBF (Spherically Convergent Beam Fusion) device, the effect on neutron production rate of the grid cathode geometry was simulated. The motion of Particles was tracked using Monte Carlo Method including the atomic and molecular collision processes and potential distribution was calculated by Finite Element Method, Main processes of the discharge were the ionization of $D_2$ by fast $D_2^+\;ion$. As the number of cathode rings was small and the size of grid cathode decreased, the ion current increased and neutron production rate will also increase. The star mode discharge which is a very important characteristic in SCBF device, was confirmed by the ionization position.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

The goal of the current study is to investigate how the sound change is reflected in production or in perception, and what the effect of lexical frequency is on the loss of sound contrasts. Specifically, the current study examined whether the vowel length contrasts are retained in Korean speakers' productions, and whether Korean listeners can distinguish vowel length minimal pairs in their perception. Two production experiments and two perception experiments investigated this. For production tests, twelve Korean native speakers in their 20s and 40s completed a read-aloud task as well as a map-task. The results showed that, regardless of their age group, all Korean speakers produced vowel length contrasts with a small but significant differences in the read-aloud test. Interestingly, the difference between long and short vowels has disappeared in the map task, indicating that the speech mode affects producing vowel length contrasts. For perception tests, thirty-three Korean listeners completed a discrimination and a forced-choice identification test. The results showed that Korean listeners still have a perceptual sensitivity to distinguish lexical meaning of the vowel length minimal pair. We also found that the identification accuracy was affected by the word frequency, showing a higher identification accuracy in high- and mid- frequency words than low frequency words. Taken together, the current study demonstrated that the speech mode (read-aloud vs. spontaneous) affects the production of the sound undergoing a language change; and word frequency affects the sound change in speech perception.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-47
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• 1988

Rapid globalization of production and marketing functions makes choice of international transportation mode of great importance. In this paper, transportation mode is characterized by two factors, mean and variability of transportation lead time. We developed a simple mathematical model to estimate the relative impact of mean lead time, lead time variance and demand variance on the required average inventory level under specified service rates.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.744-756
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 상주권에 위치한 미작과 과수 농업 중실 마을의 자연 환경, 사회 경제 환경의 변화를 밝히는 것이다. 연구 결과는 세 가지로 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 상주권 촌락의 대부분은 소백산맥의 침식 분지와 낙동강의 퇴적지형에 위치해 있으며, 이러한 자연 환경은 지역 주민의 삶에 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 1970년대까지 상주군 촌락의 인구는 지역 내부에서 이루어진 재생산 구조에 의해 유지되어 왔다. 이후 농촌 마을의 자녀들이 직장, 교육 등의 이유로 타 지역, 특히 대도시로 이농함에 따라 지역 내에서 이루어진 인구 재생산 구조가 더 이상 유지될 수 없었다. 셋째, 1980년대 이후 상주권 촌락은 재배 작물과 이와 관련된 생산 양식에 따라 상이한 경로로 변화하였다. 벼와 밭작물에 기반을 둔 전통적 생산 양식을 지속시킨 촌락과 과수 농사에 기초한 상업적 생산 양식으로 전환한 촌락의 사회 경제 구조는 상이한 경로로 변화하였다. 함창읍 척동 1리는 전자의 경로로 그리고 모동면 신천 2리는 후자의 경로로 따라 변화하여 왔다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 사진을 사실의 묘사와 재현에 국한하지 않고 상상력을 자유롭게 표현할 수 있는 미디어로서 새로운 가능성을 모색하고 일상의 경험을 창의적으로 표현하는 작업을 위한 기법의 구현에 있다. 포토몽타주 제작기법 연구를 위한 작품의 형성배경으로서 사진과 회화의 다원성 연구를 위한 픽토리얼리즘, 포토몽타주 기법을 탄생시킨 다다이즘에 대한 분석을 위한 문헌연구와 선행연구조사를 수행하였으며 새로운 시각적 표현 기법의 모색을 위한 작품제작을 병행하여 사진과 회화의 융합가능성을 고찰하였다. 연구 방법으로 기존의 포토몽타주 제작기법과의 차별성에 대하여 조사하고 Transfer Mode를 활용하는 이미지합성과 다중 레이어의 멀티이미지를 합성하는 포토몽타주 제작기법에 대하여 설명하고 영상을 구성하는 이미지 언어의 기능적인 측면에서 이미지를 활용하여 포토몽타주를 제작하였다.

• 한국항만경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항만경제학회 2006년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.103-124
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• 2006

This paper is concerned with a comparative study on the economic effects upon the Korean economy by transport mode, ie road, rail, air, and coastal and inland water transportation between 1990 and 2000, using input-output analysis. The economic effects consist of backward and forward linkage effects, production inducing and import-inducing effects. The data employed for this study come from the Bank of Korea database for Input-Output structure of the Korean economy. The major findings in this study are, among others:(1) the power of dispersion(=backward linkage effect) of coastal and inland water transportation sector is the highest among the four transport sectors, while road cargo transport mode showed the highest the degree of sensitivity (=forward linkage effect); (2) rail cargo transport recorded the highest production inducing effects; and (3) air transport mode achieved the highest ranking in the import-inducing effects.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2022

Our overdependence on the limited supply of fossil fuel with the burden of emission as a consequence of its utilization has been a major concern. Biodiesel is emerging as a potential diesel substitution for its similar performance, with the additional benefits of emitting lesser emissions. Due to the easy availability of feedstock for Biogas production, Biogas is studied for its use in CI engines. In this study, we considered Linseed Biodiesel and Biogas to run on dual fuel mode in a CI engine. An energy and exergy analysis was conducted to study the rate of fuel energy and exergy transformation to various other processes. Exergy relocation to exhaust gases was observed to be an average of 5% more for dual fuel mode than the diesel mode, whereas exergy relocation to the diesel mode was observed to be more than the dual fuel modes. Also, exergy loss to exhaust gas is observed to be more than the exergy transferred to cooling water or shaft. The exergy efficiency observed for biodiesel-biogas mode is only lesser by 3% compared to diesel-biogas mode, suggesting Biodiesel can be a substitute fuel for diesel.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-49
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• 2000

본 연구는 대구시의 대표적인 주공혼재지역인 북구 노원1 2가동을 사례로 산업지역사회의 관점에서 주공혼재지역으로의 형성과정과 영세제조업체의 존립기반을 분석하였다. 연구대상지역은 1993년 준공업지역에서 준주거지역으로의 용도지역 변경을 계기로 영세 제조업체 및 관련 서비스업과 주택이 혼재하고, 생산활동과 생활활동이 공존하는 전형적인 산업지역사회로 급속하게 변모하였다. 산업지역사회 기반으로서의 영세제조업체의 핵심적 존립기반은 중소 생산자본을 중심으로 한 생산과정상의 수평적이고 역내 통합적 네트워크 생산체계와 그 보완장치로서의 사회적 네트워크를 매개로 한 산업환경으로 집약된다.