• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.444-446
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• 2021

MANETs(Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) are composed of mobile nodes that are not subordinate to fixed networks and have the feature that can form their own networks. they are used in various fields for specific goals. The mobility model in MANET can be applied in various ways depending on the purpose of usage. The random mobility model has the advantage of being simple and easy to implement, so it is being used the most. In a MANET, it is assumed that each node moves independently. The random movement model is a good model for expressing this independence of each node. However, it is insufficient to express the characteristics of all nodes with only random properties of individual nodes. This paper limits the stochastic mobility model applicable in MANET. we compare the proposed stochastic mobility model and the random mobility model. We confirm that the proposed mobility model is applied to the routing protocol to show improved characteristics in terms of energy consumption efficiency.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a coordinative locomotor training program on the functional movement screen (FMS) scores of badminton players. Methods: The participants consisted of 31 badminton players who were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=15) or a control group (n=16), and engaged in exercise five times per week for six weeks. The experimental group engaged in coordinative locomotor training and the control group engaged in general exercise. An FMS kit (USA) was used to measure the following: FMS score, deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise, trunk stability push up, and rotary stability. Results: The FMS score, deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, active straight leg raise, and trunk stability push up showed significant improvement in the experimental group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The coordinative locomotor training program was able to produce confirmation that functional movement screen scores change in the case of effective exercise interventions in badminton players.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2004

An efficient mobility management for mobile stations plays an important role in mobile communication networks. In this paper, we intend to improve the performance of the movement-based location update scheme which is simple to implement and shows good performance. The basic idea used in the proposed location update scheme is to avoid the location update if the mobile subscriber moves around the cell where the last location update was performed. This Is made possible by utilizing the simple movement history information. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated and compared with the movement-based location update scheme through simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed location update scheme provides the better performance compared with the movement-based location update scheme by minimizing the unnecessary location updates.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.457-462
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• 2005

Industrial and economical importance of CP(Cellular Phone) is growing rapidly. Combined with IT technology, CP is currently one of the most attractive technologies for all. However, unless we find a breakthrough to the technology, its growth may slow down soon. RT(Robot Technology) is considered one of the most promising next generation technology. Unlike the industrial robot of the past, today's robots require advanced technologies, such as soft computing, human-friendly interface, interaction technique, speech recognition, object recognition, and many others. In this study, we present a new technological concept named RCP(Robotic Cellular Phone), which combines RT & CP, in the vision of opening a new direction to the advance of CP, IT, and RT all together. RCP consists of 3 sub-modules. They are $RCP^{Mobility}$, $RCP^{Interaction}$, and $RCP^{Interaction}$. $RCP^{Mobility}$ is the main focus of this paper. It is an autonomous navigation system that combines RT mobility with CP. Through $RCP^{Mobility}$, we should be able to provide CP with robotic functionalities such as auto-charging and real-world robotic entertainments. Eventually, CP may become a robotic pet to the human being. $RCP^{Mobility}$ consists of various controllers. Two of the main controllers are trajectory controller and self-localization controller. While Trajectory Controller is responsible for the wheel-based navigation of RCP, Self-Localization Controller provides localization information of the moving RCP. With the coordinate information acquired from RFID-based self-localization controller, Trajectory Controller refines RCP's movement to achieve better RCP navigations. In this paper, a prototype system we developed for $RCP^{Mobility}$ is presented. We describe overall structure of the system and provide experimental results of the RCP navigation.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.42-56
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• 2019

Background: Individuals with mechanical neck pain show biomechanical and neurophysiological changes, including cervical spine muscle weakness. As a result of deep muscle weakness, it causes stability disability and reduced upper thoracic spine mobility, which finally leads to functional movement restriction such as limited range of motion and dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that thoracic spine manipulation and mobilization could reduce symptoms of mechanical neck pain in patients. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thoracic mobility exercise on cervicothoracic function, posture feature, and pain intensity in individuals with mechanical neck pain. Methods: The study subjects were 26 persons who were randomly assigned to the experimental (with thoracic mobility exercise) and control groups (without thoracic mobility exercise), with 13 subjects in each group. The cervicothoracic function (neck functional disability level and cervicothoracic range of motion), posture feature, and pain rating (using a quadrupled visual analogue scale [QVAS]) were measured before, after 3 weeks, and after 6 weeks. Results: Statistically significant group-by-time interactions were found with repeated analyses of variance for the Korean neck disability index (KNDI), all cervical range of motion (CROM), all thoracic range of motion (TROM), cranial rotation angle, sagittal shoulder posture (SSP), and QVAS (p<.05). All groups showed significant improvements from all times in all the evaluated methods. The KNDI, CROM, TROM of left rotation, and SSP in the experimental group showed significant improvements after 3 weeks, and the TROM of the right rotation and QVAS in the experimental group showed significant improvements after 6 weeks when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Thoracic mobility exercise during 6 weeks might be effective intervention to improve the functional level, posture feature, and QVAS pain rating for managing individuals with mechanical neck pain.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.378-384
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• 2008

The sensor network for the health care application service has the man or movable object as the main sensing object. In order to support inter-node interaction by the movement of such sensing objects, the node's dynamic function modification, dynamic self-configuration and energy efficiency must be considered. In this paper, the Agilla model which supports the dynamic function modification through the agent migration between nodes and LEACH protocol which guarantees the dynamic self-configuration and energy efficiency through the configuration of inter-node hierarchical cluster configuration are analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the Mobility Agent Middleware which supports the dynamic function modification between nodes is designed, and LEACH_Mobile protocol which guarantees the node nobility as the weakness of the existing LEACH protocol is suggested. Also, the routing module which supports the LEACH_Mobile protocol is designed and the interface for conjunction with Mobility Agent Middleware is designed. Then, it is definitely increase performance which un mobility node of transfer data rate through LEACH_Mobile protocol of simulation result.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.531-539
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• 2007

The purpose of this article was to determine how the current auto mechanic's coverall restricts movements, to develop prototype coverall, and finally, to improve working efficiency. To investigate the problem and complaint of current coveralls, 35 mechanics were interviewed. Video captured method was used to analyze the representative movement. Based on the previous investigation, the prototype coverall was developed. Pleats and band were inserted on each side of the back, under the armhole, and the back waist area for flexibility. To analyze the mobility of current and prototype coveralls objectively, range-of-motion of selected movements was measured by Leighton flexometer and goniometer. Also, wearer acceptability scale was tested to investigate subjective preference of current and prototype coveralls. As subjects, 10 auto mechanics were participated. Order of testing was randomized. ANOBA and LSD were used for statistical analysis. As a results, prototype coverall was significantly different from current coverall at all test movements. Also, prototype coverall was significantly different from current coverall at 13 scales among 23 subjective scales. The results identified that prototype coverall design improved auto mechanic's body movement and subjective acceptability.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Purpose : This study aims to examine effects of trunk strengthening exercise in three rigid cerebral palsy adolescents aged between 11 and 13 on their spinal segments and gait. Methods : 2A trunk strengthening program for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation was made focusing on improvement in their school life and mental and social activities during their school years, and then trunk strengthening exercise was applied to the three subjects for 30 minutes five times per week for four weeks. With the subjects in a static state, each group's gait analysis was made and maximum anterior flexion, maximum extension, maximum left and right lateral flexion, and cross rotation of the trunk were measured using Sonosens (Germany) prior to and after the intervention. Results : Assessment of spinal segment mobility with the subjects in a static state showed that the trunk muscle strengthening exercise increased their maximum joint movement angles from the right side to the center and rotational abilities of the cervical and lumbar spines. Gait analysis indicated increased movements in the thoracic and lumbar spines and relatively decreased anterior-posterior movement of the cervical spine. Conclusion : Trunk strengthening program is effective in enhancing spinal segment mobility and balance ability of cerebral palsy adolescents and considered able to be used together with diverse treatment interventions.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of the diaphragm stretching technique as a treatment method for low back pain by evaluating maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and changes in back mobility in patients with low back pain. Methods: Thirty-four patients with low back pain were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The diaphragm stretching technique was conducted in the experimental group, and the placebo intervention was conducted in the control group. The diaphragm stretching technique was conducted once, maintaining tension for 7 min. The placebo intervention was conducted in the same position as the diaphragm stretching technique, but with only light contact maintained without pressure. Maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility were measured before and after the intervention, and the changes were compared and analyzed. A paired sample t-test was used to compare measurements within the group before and after the intervention. An independent t-test was used to compare the experimental and control groups. Statistical significance (α) was set at 0.05. Results: In the experimental group, maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility increased significantly after the intervention (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the changes in all areas of the control (p > 0.05). As a result of comparative analysis of changes before and after the intervention, there were significant differences in maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility only in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The diaphragm stretching technique improved maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility compared to the placebo intervention. Therefore, the diaphragm stretching technique can be recommended as a physical therapy intervention to improve pain in patients with LBP.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.450-456
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• 2021

Objective: Studies confirming the lumber spine kinematics of direct or indirect segmental mobility under the application of joint mobilization, which induces passive force on the spine, are insufficient.Therefore, this study aims to obtain the underlying clinical data by identifying direct or indirect segmental mobility produced by Maitland's PA mobilization technique. Design: Randomized controlled trial design. Methods: Thirty subjects with no back pain participated in this study. X-ray testing equipment (SIG-40-525, Ecoray Inc., Korea) was used to verify the segmented movement of their lumbar. Joint mobilization was performed by physiotherapists with more than 10 years of experience in prescription therapy, and radiography was performed once without PA joint mobilization and once without the mobilization for comparing the lumbar vertebrae before and after the mobilization. The radiographs taken were analyzed using the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) program to measure the spinal displacement, intervertebral height, intervertebral angle, and lumbar lordosis angle. Results: Significant differences were observed in the lumbar displacement, intervertebral angle, and lumbar lordosis angle in all lumbar vertebrae before and after the mobilization. The intervertebral height indicated significant differences in all ventral vertebrae and only in L3-L4 and L4-L5 in dorsal vertebrae. Conclusions: This study suggests that the segmental mobility produced through indirect approaches plays an important role in inducing therapeutic effects in patients with back pain.