• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

There have been only a few studies focused on the stabilization of metal (loid)s in anaerobic soils such as paddy soils. In this study, laboratory-scale column tests were conducted to artificially manipulate anoxic conditions in submerged paddy fields and we observed the release behavior of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn, as well as to examine the stabilization effect of steel refining slag (SRS) on the metal(loid)s. The leachate samples were collected and chemical parameters were monitored during the test period. Results suggest that anoxic conditions were developed during submersion, and that As or heavy metals (particularly Cd) fractions bound to ferrous (Fe) /manganese (Mn) oxides were easily dissociated. Moreover, As is also reduced by itself to a trivalent form with higher mobility in the reducing environment of rice paddy soil. However, it was also shown that SRS significantly decreased the dissolution of Zn, Pb, Cd, and As in the the leachates; their removal rates in the SRS-treated soil were 66 %, 45 %, 24 %, and 84 %, respectively, of those in the control soil.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2011

This study examined evaluation on stabilization of major and trace elements in tailings by various surface water-preventing materials. Six columns were filled with tailings of the Sinlim mine, then covered with tailings only, compacted soils, clay, soil-bentonite mixture, pozzolan and bentonite mat. After injection of artificial rain water, the leachate was sampled with times (3, 6, 9 and 12 pore volume) and analysed for major (Ca, Na, Mg, K) and trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) by ICP-AES. With exception to pozzolan type, the pH values of leachate from the other types became stabilized from 5.5 to 7.5, and EC (electric conductivity) of leachate from them decreased with times. For the pozzolan type, however, the pH and EC of leachate increased with time due to its alkalinity producing system. Concentrations of most major and trace elements in leachate decreased and stabilized with time. Consequently, soil-bentonite mixed cover shows the best ability of water-preventing and reducing mobility of elements in tailings site.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2021

Soil aggregation begins with flocculation of clay particles triggered by interfacial reactions of polyvalent cation such as Ca²⁺ and Fe³⁺, and they are also known as important elements to control the mobility of arsenic in soil environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of CMDS (coal mine drainage sludge) for soil loss reduction and stabilization of arsenic-contaminated soil in a 37% sloped farmland under rainfall simulation. The amount of soil loss decreased by 43% when CMDS was applied, and this result was not significantly different from the case of limestone application, which yielded 46% decrease of soil loss. However, the relative amount of dispersed clay particles in the sediment CMDS-applied soil was 10% lower than that of limestone-applied soil, suggesting CMDS is more effective than limestone in inducing soil aggregation. The concentrations of bioavailable arsenic in CMDS amended soil decreased by 46%~78%, which was lower than the amount in limestone amended soil. Therefore, CMDS can be used as an effective amendment material to reduce soil loss and stabilize arsenic in sloped farmland areas.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2016

Characterization of intact protein structures in the gas phase using electrospray ionization combined with ion mobility mass spectrometry has become an important tool of research. However, the biophysical properties that govern the structures of protein ions in the gas phase remain to be understood. Here, we investigated the impact of host-guest complexation of ubiquitin (Ubq) with macrocyclic host molecules, cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s, n = 6, 7), on its structure in the gas phase. We found that CB[n] complexation induces the formation of compact Ubq ions. Both CB[6] and CB[7] exhibited similar effects despite differences in their binding properties in solution. In addition, CB[n] attachment prevented Ubq from unfolding by collisional activation. Based on the experimental results, we suggest that CB[n]s prevent unfolding of Ubq during transfer to the gas phase to promote the formation of compact protein ions. Furthermore, interaction with positively charged residues per se is suggested to be the most important factor for the host-guest complexation effect.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to show the clinical results of combination of Nd-YAP (1340nm) laser therapy with conventional endodontic and periodontal treatment. Materials and Methods: Four patients with chronic advanced periodontitis and endodontic infection were treated with conventional treatment and Nd-YAP laser therapy. Occlusal adjustment and splinting were done for stabilization of the teeth with severe horizontal and vertical mobility. The protocol for periodontal treatment was followed as scaling and root planing, pocket irrigation with 3% $H_2O_2$ and exposure of Nd-YAP laser using 320${\mu}m$ optical fiber with 160mJ/pluse, 30Hz. The other protocol for endodontic treatment was followed as access opening, canal preparation by hand and rotary instrument, canal filling, and exposure of Nd-YAP laser using 200${\mu}m$ optical fiber with 200mJ/pluse, 10Hz and 180mJ/pluse, 5Hz which were used respectively for disinfection and canal filling. The assessments of probing depth, mobility, and radiography were made prior to and after treatment. Result: All of these four clinical cases showed good healing of periodontium, which presented decrease of mobility and pocket depth, and increase of bone regeneration and bone density on the radiography. Conclusion: The bactericidal effect of Nd-YAP laser would provide benefits for improving clinical results that are obtained from conventional therapy.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2004

The purpose of present study is to examine the relative efficacy of active exercise programs for work-related chronic low back pain and to figure out how much they affect mechanical stability of lumbar. Subjects are 43 employees with work-related chronic low hack pain, and they were randomly divided into two groups with general physiotherapy groups and thoracic exercise groups for increasing thoracic mobility. Active exercise programs were done 3 times a week, for 6 months, and the subjects were tested for Pain intensity(VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index, Maximal stretching with both hands in the overhead direction and the lumbar region angle of inclination. All subjects were reassessed with same measurement with Pre-study and 6 months after study After applying active exercise programs, pain intensity didn't show any significant difference between two groups. The Oswestry Disability Index showed significant difference between two groups and thoracic exercise groups decreased significantly compare to general physiotherapy group(p<0.05). Maximal stretching with both hands in the overhead direction showed significant difference between two groups and thoracic exercise group increased significantly more than general physiotherapy groups(p<0.05). The lumbar region angle of inclination showed significant difference between two groups and thoracic exercise group decreased significantly more than general physiotherapy groups (p<0.05). According to the results above, exercise for increasing thoracic mobility has an effect on lumbar stability. For the work-related chronic lower hack pain workers, it is far more effective for lumbar stabilization than general physiotherapy.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to search for more effective methods of diagnosis and treatment of Fracture. Methods : Literature review on Fracture in view of oriental and western medicine. Conclusions : Fracture is classified by anatomical location, grade, shape of line, displacement and cause. The symptom of Fracture is pain, tenderness, deformity, attitude, abnormal mobility, crepitus, neurovascular injury. Fracture is not the same in Healing process by location. The age, endocrine system, chronic debilitating disease, stabilization is effect on healing period and process. Treatment of Fracture is classified emergency care, definite treatment and rehabilitation.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2008

Testis brain RNA-binding protein (TB-RBP) is a DNA/RNA binding protein. TB-RBP is mainly expressed in testis and brain and highly conserved protein with several functions, including chromosomal translocations, DNA repair, mitotic cell division, and mRNA transport, stabilization, and storage. In our previous study, we identified TB-RBP as an interacting partner for the catalytic subunit $(C{\alpha})$ of protein kinase A(PKA) and verified their interaction with several biochemical analyses. Here, we confirmed interaction between $C{\alpha}$. and TB-RBP in mammalian cells and determined the effect of $C{\alpha}$. on the function of TB-RBP. The activation of $C{\alpha}$. increased the TB-RBP function as a DNA-binding protein. These results suggest that the function of TB-RBP can be modulated by PKA and provide insights into the diverse role of PKA.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.747-760
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• 2012

In today's online social structure, people with electronic devices or network have been closely related to whether any of the activities, work, school, etc., is related to electronic devices, intelligent robot, and network control. The best mobility and the first rich media of these products as smart phones, smart phones rise rapidly in recent years, high speed processing performance and high free way to install software, deeply loved by many business people. However, not only for smart phone business aspects of the use, but also can engage in education of the teachers or the students are learning a great help. This study construct OCR-assisted learning software written by the JAVA made, and the installation is provided by the Android mobile phone users.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.125-151
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• 1990

본고(本稿)는 경제자유화(經濟自由化)의 대표적 사례(事例)로 일컬어지는 남미(南美) 자유화과정(自由化過程)을 살펴보고 몇가지 교훈(敎訓)을 도출해 보고자 함에 목적이 있다. 칠레, 아르헨티나, 우르과이의 남미(南美) 3국(國)은 각기 서로 다른 과정(過程)을 밟아 경제자유화(經濟自由化)를 이룩하려고 하였는데 실제로 무역(貿易) 및 자본시장(資本市場)의 개방(開放)을 추진하여 자원배분(資源配分)의 실효성(實效性)을 높이려면 국내거시경제상황의 안정(安定)이 필수적임을 각국(各國)의 경험(經驗)이 보여주고 있다. 우선 재정(財政) 통화정책(通貨政策)의 안정(安定) 없이는 무역(貿易) 자본시장(資本市場)의 개방(開放)이 오히려 국내경제(國內經濟)를 불안하게 한다. 재정적자(財政赤字)는 실질이자율(實質利子率)을 올리거나 실질평가절상(實質平價切上)을 유발하여 이 경우 자본시장(資本市場)이 개방되면 오히려 국내경제불안이 가중된다. 둘째, 구매력평가설(購買力評價設)과 이자율평가설(利子率平價設)에 기초한 통화론적(通貨論的) 안정화정책(安定化政策)은 각국(各國)에 내재한 여러가지 구조적(構造的) 요인(要因)으로 이론에 걸맞는 성과(成果)를 거두기 어려우며 오히려 자유화과정(自由化過程)에서 실질환율(實質換率)과 실질이자율(實質利子率)의 불안정(不安定)을 초래한다. 마지막으로 경제자유화(經濟自由化)의 순서(順序)와 속도(速度)는 정치(政治) 경제적(經濟的) 상황(狀況)에 따라 달라지며 이론적(理論的) 실증적(實證的)으로 최적(最適)의 자유화계획(自由化計劃)을 결정할 수 없다. 그러나 무역자유화(貿易自由化) 및 자본자유화(資本自由化)를 순차적으로 추진하면서 실질환율(實質換率)과 실질이자율(實質利子率)의 안정(安定)에 유의하는 것이 바람직하다.