• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.29
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• pp.179-202
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• 2010

In addition to the emphasis on filial piety ethics in everyday life, filial piety obtained a further significance in Confucianism which had the strong sense of ancestor worship. This paper focuses on filial piety as a mechanism of continuity within Confucianism and points out that it owed its development to its connection to agricultural culture. The sedentary life with less mobility forged a relative intimacy among people and filial piety was the actual expression of that kind of intimate affection. Yet, filial piety in Confucianism created a unique culture in terms that it not only stipulated material and emotional support for parents but also expected one's piety to the further ancestors through a memorial service and made its connection to the infinite posterity through sons. From the perspective of Confucianism that established filial piety at the turning point from life to death, the self existing in present was not an isolated self anymore. Yet, one can see another characteristic of Confucianism from that filial piety, based on blood bonds, could move beyond paternalism to broaden itself. It could be expanded to the care for strangers. The aged experience and wisdom through agricultural life begot the insight that the nature made its infinite connections with everything through circulation. As a stone thrown in a pond would enlarge its boundary by drawing larger and larger concentric circles, this thought enabled people to enlarge their affection to their parents to universal humanity. In this enlarged network, though it was natural to make distinctions between the closer and the farther, Confucianism sought to overcome it by establishing oneself upright. Confucianism emphasized the moral cultivation with its filial piety concept that contained the diachronic thought penetrating life and death and the broadened perspective relating everything around. In Confucianism, filial piety provided an important medium in forming a moral subject that penetrated life and death and related self and others. Inherent in it is the Confucius thought of continuity that searched for a paragon of a moral human being regardless of time and space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

Using ammonia as fuel for solid oxide fuel (SOFC) cells has become an attractive topic nowadays due to its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and ease of storage and transportation. Several configurations of ammonia-fed SOFC systems have been proposed and investigated, demonstrating high electrical efficiency. However, to further enhance efficiency, it is crucial to understand the inefficient components of the system. The exergy concept is well-suited for this purpose, making exergetic analysis essential for ammonia-fed SOFC systems. This study conducts an exergetic analysis for three selected systems: a simple fuel cell system (FC), an anode off-gas recirculation system (RC-FC), and a recirculation system with water removal (RC-WR-FC). The results reveal that the exergetic efficiencies of the FC, RC-FC, and RC-WR-FC are 48.7%, 51.6%, and 58.4%, respectively. In all three systems, the SOFC stack is the main source of exergy destruction. However, other components with relatively low exergetic efficiency, such as the burner, air heat exchanger, and cooler/condenser, offer greater opportunities for improvement.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.224-239
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• 2023

C-ITS (Cooperative-Intelligent Transportation System) refers to user safety-oriented technology and systems that provide forward traffic situation information based on a two-way wireless communication technology between vehicles or between vehicles and infrastructure. Since the Daejeon-Sejong pilot project in 2016, the C-ITS infrastructure has been installed at various locations to provide C-ITS safety services through highway and local government demonstration projects. In this study, a methodology was developed to verify the effectiveness of the warning information using individual vehicle data collected through the Gwangju Metropolitan City C-ITS demonstration project. The analysis of the effectiveness was largely divided into driving behavior impact analysis and environmental analysis. Compliance analysis and driving safety evaluation were performed for the driving impact analysis. In addition, to supplement the inadequate collection of Probe Vehicle Data (PVD) collected during the C-ITS demonstration project, Digital Tacho Graph ( DTG ) data was additionally collected and used for effect analysis. The results of the compliance analysis showed that drivers displayed reduced driving behavior in response to warning information based on a sufficient number of valid samples. Also, the results of calculating and analyzing driving safety indicators, such as jerk and acceleration noise, revealed that driving safety was improved due to the provision of warning information.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.81-89
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• 2023

In modern society, blind people face difficulties in navigating common environments such as sidewalks, elevators, and crosswalks. Research has been conducted to alleviate these inconveniences for the visually impaired through the use of visual and audio aids. However, such research often encounters limitations when it comes to practical implementation due to the high cost of wearable devices, high-performance CCTV systems, and voice sensors. In this paper, we propose an artificial intelligence fusion algorithm that utilizes low-cost video sensors integrated into smartphones to help blind people safely navigate their surroundings during walking. The proposed algorithm combines motion capture and object detection algorithms to detect moving people and various obstacles encountered during walking. We employed the MediaPipe library for motion capture to model and detect surrounding pedestrians during motion. Additionally, we used object detection algorithms to model and detect various obstacles that can occur during walking on sidewalks. Through experimentation, we validated the performance of the artificial intelligence fusion algorithm, achieving accuracy of 0.92, precision of 0.91, recall of 0.99, and an F1 score of 0.95. This research can assist blind people in navigating through obstacles such as bollards, shared scooters, and vehicles encountered during walking, thereby enhancing their mobility and safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1139-1147
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate the performance of a method for controlling the dose for optimal image acquisition while minimizing patient exposure by applying a small-sized Photomultiplier(SiPM) sensor inside a portable detector. Portable detectors have the advantage of being able to quickly access the patient's location for rapid diagnosis, but this mobility comes with the challenge of dose control. This paper presents a method to identify the dose that can have the DQE and optimal image quality of the detector through image evaluation based on IEC62220-1-1, an international standard for X-ray imaging devices, and to identify the optimal dose by matching the ADU of the image and the output of the SiPM Sensor. The Skull AP image was acquired by implementing the detector manufacturer's reference dose. The optimal dose was 342.8 µGy, and the optimal controlled dose was 148.3 µGy, which is 57 % of the manufacturer's reference dose. The Chest AP image was 81.9 µGy and the optimal controlled dose was 27.9 µGy, which is a high dose reduction effect of 66 %. In addition, the two images were analyzed by five radiologists and found to have no clinically significant difference in anatomical delineation.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.151-171
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• 2023

For the efficient establishment of a channel strategy for banks, this study aims to propose a channel model by classifying channels into types, and carrying out a correspondence analysis per type. A survey of bankers was conducted to visualize categorical data and create a positioning map. As a result, first, 12 banking channels were classified into 4 types based on business processing subjects and places, which were then, further grouped into the categories of full-banking and self-banking. Second, a correspondence analysis according to the classified types was carried out, and it was found that the branch-type is suitable for product description and customer management, while the banking-type is suitable for efficient business processing without time and space constraints. Furthermore, the analysis also showed that the machine-type and banking-type are inappropriate for customer management, and the mobility-type demonstrates low operational effectiveness due to a lack of awareness. The aforementioned findings suggest the need for a hybrid convergence channel that reflects the characteristics of banking tasks and fills in the gaps between the different channels. Third, a channel model was derived by adding a common area to the 2×2 model consisting of the business processing subjects and places. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it examines the diversification of channels and factors in the division of roles by channel type based on customers' banking channel selection factors, and presents basic research findings for future channel strategy establishment and efficient channel operation.

• Composites Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.349-354
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• 2023

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is a conjugated polymer that is highly soluble in organic solvents and is readily available. However, its electrical properties as an active channel in electronic devices are not enough for practical applications, necessitating further improvement in the properties. In this study, we demonstrate that the blending of two P3HT polymers (i.e., regio-regular (RR) P3HT and regio-random (RRa) P3HT) with different regioregularities can significantly improve charge transport characteristics of the blend films. The morphological and electrical properties of the blend films were systematically investigated by varying the ratio between two P3HT polymers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis) were employed to evaluate the morphological and optoelectronic properties of the blend films. The crystallinity of the blend films increased with increasing the content of RRa-P3HT to 20 wt% and gradually decreased as the content increased to 80%. Consistently, the highest charge carrier mobility was obtained from the blend films containing 20 wt% RRa-P3HT, which value was measured to be 0.029 cm²/V·s. The values gradually decreased to 0.0007 cm²/V·s with increasing the content of RRa-P3HT to 80 wt%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.681-687
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• 2023

The selection technique for optimal operation position selection technique is used to present the initial bow and stern draft with minimum resistance, for achievingthat is, the optimal fuel consumption efficiency at a given operating displacement and speed. The main purpose of this studypaper is to develop a program to select the optimal operating position with maximum energy efficiency under given operating conditions based on the effective power data of the target ship. This program was written as a Python-based GUI (Graphic User Interface) usingbased on artificial intelligence techniques sucho that ship owners could easily use the GUIit. In the process, tThe introduction of the target ship, the collection of effective power data through computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the learning method of the effective power model using deep learning, and the program for presenting the optimal operation position using the deep neural network (DNN) model were specifically explained. Ships are loaded and unloaded for each operation, which changes the cargo load and changes the displacement. The shipowners wants to know the optimal operating position with minimum resistance, that is, maximum energy efficiency, according to the given speed of each displacement. The developed GUI can be installed on the ship's tablet PC and application and used to determineselect the optimal operating position.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.467-474
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• 2023

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health issue that places a heavy financial, social, and health-related burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is extensively used for monitoring the general population's health conditions and measuring the effectiveness of interventions. Therefore, this study investigated HRQoL and associated factors among patients with type 2 DM at a primary healthcare center in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Klaten District, Central Java, Indonesia, from May 2019 to July 2019. In total, 260 patients with DM registered with National Health Insurance were interviewed. HRQoL was measured with the EuroQol Group's validated Bahasa Indonesia version of the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) with the Indonesian value set. Multivariate regression models were used to identify factors influencing HRQoL. Results: Data from 24 patients were excluded due to incomplete information. Most participants were men (60.6%), were aged above 50 years (91.5%), had less than a senior high school education (75.0%), and were unemployed (85.6%). The most frequent health problems were reported for the pain/discomfort dimension (64.0%) followed by anxiety (28.4%), mobility (17.8%), usual activities (10.6%), and self-care (6.8%). The average EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) index score was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.88). In the multivariate ordinal regression model, a higher education level (coefficient, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.14) was a significant predictor of the EQ-5D-5L utility score. Conclusions: Patients with diabetes had poorer EQ-5D-5L utility values than the general population. DM patients experienced pain/discomfort and anxiety. There was a substantial positive relationship between education level and HRQoL.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.255-260
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• 2023

As demanding the detection of explosive molecules, it is required to develop rapidly and precisely responsive sensors with ultra-high sensitivity. Since two-dimensional semiconductors have an atomically thin body nature where mobile carriers accumulate, the abrupt modulation carrier in the thin body channel can be expected. To investigate the effectiveness of WSe₂ semiconductor materials as a detection material for TNT (Trinitrotoluene) explosives, WSe₂ was synthesized using thermal chemical vapor deposition, and afterward, WSe₂ FETs (Field Effect Transistors) were fabricated using standard photo-lithograph processes. Raman Spectrum and FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy reveal that the adsorption of TNT molecules induces the structural transition of WSe₂ crystalline. The electrical properties before and after adsorption of TNT molecules on the WSe₂ surface were compared; as -50 V was applied as the back gate bias, 0.02 μA was recorded in the bare state, and the drain current increased to 0.41 μA with a dropping 0.6% (w/v) TNT while maintaining the p-type behavior. Afterward, the electrical characteristics were additionally evaluated by comparing the carrier mobility, hysteresis, and on/off ratio. Consequently, the present report provides the milestone for developing ultra-sensitive sensors with rapid response and high precision.