• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.715-727
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• 2024

During fast neutron imaging, besides the dark current noise and readout noise of the CCD camera, the main noise in fast neutron imaging comes from high-energy gamma rays generated by neutron nuclear reactions in and around the experimental setup. These high-energy gamma rays result in the presence of high-density gamma white spots (GWS) in the fast neutron image. Due to the microscopic quantum characteristics of the neutron beam itself and environmental scattering effects, fast neutron images typically exhibit a mixture of Gaussian noise. Existing denoising methods in neutron images are difficult to handle when dealing with a mixture of GWS and Gaussian noise. Herein we put forward a deep learning approach based on the Swin Transformer UNet (SUNet) model to remove high-density GWS-Gaussian mixture noise from fast neutron images. The improved denoising model utilizes a customized loss function for training, which combines perceptual loss and mean squared error loss to avoid grid-like artifacts caused by using a single perceptual loss. To address the high cost of acquiring real fast neutron images, this study introduces Monte Carlo method to simulate noise data with GWS characteristics by computing the interaction between gamma rays and sensors based on the principle of GWS generation. Ultimately, the experimental scenarios involving simulated neutron noise images and real fast neutron images demonstrate that the proposed method not only improves the quality and signal-to-noise ratio of fast neutron images but also preserves the details of the original images during denoising.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic protective effects of mixtures of corn silk, perilla leaf and grape stem extract (CPG mixture) against UVB-induced skin damage and compound 48/80-induced pruritus in mice. The results showed that treatment with CPG mixture exhibited much stronger suppressive effect on erythema and melanin index as well as melanin formation than treatment with ascorbic acid (AA) in UVB-irradiated mice. Moreover, the treatment with CPG mixture showed ameliorative effect on immune cell infiltration and collagen fiber destruction in UV-irradiated mice. The treatment with CPG mixture inhibited glutathione (GSH) depletion, lipid peroxidation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in UVB-irradiated mice. Furthermore, the treatment with CPG mixture inhibited compound 48/80-induced scratching behavior and histological changes in mice. Taken together, these results indicated that CPG mixture has potentials as functional and therapeutic materials against skin damage and itch-related skin diseases.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1040-1047
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• 1999

The characteristics of flame propagation in inert particle-laden $H_2$/Air premixed gas are numerically investigated on this study. The 2nd order TVD scheme is applied to numerical analysis of governing equations and multi-step chemical reaction model and detailed transport properties are sued to solve chemical reaction terms. Radiation heat transfer is computed by applying the finite volume method to a radiative transfer equation. The burning velocities against the mole fractions of hydrogen agree well with results performed by different workers. The inert particles play significant roles in the flame propagation on account of momentum and heat transfer between gas and particles. Gas temperature, pressure and flame propagation speed are decreased as the loading ratio of particle is increased. Also the products behind flame zone contain lots of water vapor whose absorption coefficient is much larger than that of unburned gas. Thus, the radiation effect of gas and particles must be considered simultaneously for the flame propagation in a mixture of $H_2$/Air and inert particles. As a result, it is founded that because the water vapor emits much radiation and this emitted radiation is released at boundaries as radiant heat loss as well as reabsorbed by gas and particles, flame propagation speed and flame structure are altered with radiation effect.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2011

Background: To evaluate the changes in the radiation dose and temperature distribution on irradiated egg albumin and nanoparticle ($Fe_3O_4$) powder mixed egg albumin. Methods: A new type of phantom was designed by fabricating a $30{\times}30{\times}30cm$ acryl square inside a $3{\times}3{\times}3cm$ small square and dividing it into two parts. In the control group, only egg albumin was irradiated, and in the test group, 25 nm 20 mg/cc, 25 nm 40 mg/cc, and 1 um 40mg/cc nanoparticles with egg albumin were irradiated. The radiation isodose distributions and temperature changes were then observed. Results: No significant changes were observed in the radiation dose and temperature distribution. Conclusion: The nanoparticles were considered not to have had any effect on the radiation dose and temperature distribution under the experimental conditions. Further studies can be conducted based on the changes in the mixture material.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.605-612
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• 2005

방사선 생체손상의 방어 및 회복에 높은 효과를 나타내는 생약조합을 도출하고자 하였다. 이전의 연구에서 6가지 기존 보기${\cdot}$보혈 한약처방제의 방어효과를 검색하여, 재생조직 방어에는 사물탕 및 보중익기탕이, 조혈계 방어에는 보중익기탕 및 사물탕이 높은 효과를 나타내는 것으로 보고된바 있다. 본 연구에서 기존 6가지 처방제의 면역 세포 활성화 효과를 검색한 결과 모두 높은 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서, 처방제의 구성 생약 각각의 효과검증 결과를 바탕으로 재생조직 방어, 조혈계 방어, 면역조혈계 회복 증진 효과를 동시에 높게 나타내는 새로운 생약조합을 도출하였다. 즉, 당귀, 천궁, 백작약을 동일 무게 비율로 혼합하여 열수 추출한 것을 새로운 생약복합물 HIM-I으로 개발하였으며 그 효과를 검정하였다. 본 생약복합물 HIM-I은 면역 세포 활성화에서는 상기한 한약처방제보다 월등하게 높은 효과를 보였으며, 조혈계 촉진효과도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 재생조직 및 면역조혈계의 방어 측면에서도 사물탕 및 보중익기탕과 같은 높은 효과를 보였다. 한편, 시험관 내에서 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내는 것으로 보아, 이 항산화 작용이 방사선 손상에 대한 방어효과의 작용기전 중의 하나로 생각되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 생약복합물 HIM-I은 재생조직방어, 조혈계 방어, 면역조혈계 회복 증진 효과를 동시에 나타냄으로써 방사선뿐만 아니라 여러 가지 원인으로부터 생체를 방호하고 회복시키는데 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.111-128
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• 1992

Infrared emissions from spherical dust, clouds are calculated using quasi-diffusion method. We have employed graphite-silicate mixture with power-law size distribution for the dust model. The grains are assumed to be heated and cooled by radiative processes only. The primary heating source is diffuse interstellar radiation field. hut the cases with an embedded source are also considered. Since graphite grains have higher temperature than silicate grains, the observed IR emission is mainly due to graphite grains, unless the fraction of graphite grains is negligibly small. The color temperature of Bok globules obtained from IRAS 60 and $100{\mu}m$ data are found to be consistent with the dust cloud with graphite-silicate mixture exposed to average interstellar radiation field. The color temperature is sensitive to the external radiation field, but rather insensitive to the size distribution of the grains. We found that the density distribution can be recovered outside the beam size using the inversion technique that assumes negligible optical depth. However, the information within the beam size is lost for if beam convolved intensity distributions are used in deriving density profile.

• 태양에너지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1995

튜브 내의 입구영역에서 대류와 비회복사(mon-gray radiation)가 동시에 일어날 때의 열전달 특성을 수치해석적으로 연구하였다. 작동유체는 이산화탄소, 수증기, 질소의 혼합가스라 하였고, 유동은 속도장과 온도장이 동시에 발달하는 층류 유동으로 가정하였다. 복사전달방정식을 풀기 편하게 하기 위해 P-1 근사법이 사용되었고 혼합가스의 비회흡수계수(non-gray sbsorption coefficient)는 지수광폭밴드모형(exponential wide band model)을 이용해서 구하였다. 열전달 특성에 대한 온도조건의 영향을 조사하기 위해 튜브의 축방향에 대한 평균온도와 뉴셀트수(Nusselt number)의 변화를 몇 가지 다른 온도조건에 대해 나타내었다. 속도장과 온도장이 동시에 발달하는 경우의 뉴셀트수를 속도장은 완전히 발달되어 있고 온도장만 발달하는 경우의 뉴셀트 수와 비교하였다. 또한, 가스의 성분조성이 대류와 비회복사 뉴셀트수에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.287-299
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• 2022

In radiation epidemiology, the excess relative risk (ERR) model is used to determine the dose-response relationship. In general, the dose-response relationship for the ERR model is assumed to be linear, linear-quadratic, linear-threshold, quadratic, and so on. However, since none of these functions dominate other functions for expressing the dose-response relationship, a Bayesian semiparametric method using splines has recently been proposed. Thus, we improve the Bayesian semiparametric method for the selection of the tuning parameters for splines as the number and location of knots using a Bayesian knot selection method. Equally spaced knots cannot capture the characteristic of radiation exposed dose distribution which is highly skewed in general. Therefore, we propose a nonparametric Bayesian knot selection method based on a Dirichlet process mixture model. Inference of the spline coefficients after obtaining the number and location of knots is performed in the Bayesian framework. We apply this approach to the life span study cohort data from the radiation effects research foundation in Japan, and the results illustrate that the proposed method provides competitive curve estimates for the dose-response curve and relatively stable credible intervals for the curve.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2010

Epoxy resin has wide application in various industrial fields because of their good mechanical strength, superiority adhesion and low shrinkage etc. And the typical curing method for epoxy resins is thermal and press compaction. However, a curing method was used electron beam process in this study. Epoxy acrylate was fabricated from mixture of epoxy, acrylic acid, tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and hydroquinone monomethyl ether (MEHQ) with mole ratios. Then electron beam irradiation effect on the curing of the epoxy acrylate resin was investigated various absorption dose in nitrogen atmospheres at room temperature. The dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of the irradiated epoxy acrylate resins were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). And the tensile and flexural strength were measured by an universal tensile machine (UTM).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.4348-4358
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• 2022

The thermal-hydraulics phenomena in a containment during an accident will necessarily include radiative heat transfer (i) within the gas mixture due to the high radiative absorption and emission of steam and (ii) between the gas mixture and the surrounding structures. The analysis of some previous PANDA experiments (PSI, Switzerland) demonstrated the importance of the proper modelling of radiation for the benefit of numerical simulations. These results together with dedicated scoping calculations conducted for the present experiments indicated that the radiative heat transfer is considerable, even for a very low amount of steam (≈2%). The H2P2 series conducted in the large-scale PANDA facility at the Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI) in the framework of the OECD/NEA HYMERES-2 project is intended to enhance the understanding of thermal radiation phenomena and to provide a benchmark for corresponding numerical simulations. Thus, the test matrix was tailored around the two opposite extremes: either gas compositions with small steam content such that radiative heat transfer phenomena can be neglected. Or gas mixtures containing larger amounts of steam, so that radiative heat transfer is expected to play a dominant role. The H2P2 series consists of 5 experiments designed to isolate the radiation phenomena from convective and diffusive effects as much as possible. One vessel with a diameter of 4 m and a height of 8 m was preconditioned with different mixtures of air / steam at room and elevated temperatures. This was followed by the build-up of a stable helium stratification at constant pressure in the upper part of the vessel. After that, helium was injected from the top into the vessel which leads to an increase of the vessel pressure and a corresponding elevation-dependent and transient rise of the gas temperature. It is shown that even the addition of small amounts of steam in the initial gas atmosphere considerably impacts the radiative heat transport throughout all phases of the experiments and markedly influences i) the monitored gas peak temperature, ii) the temperature history during the compression and iii) the following relaxation phase after the compression was stopped. These PANDA experiments are the first of its kind conducted in a large scale thermal-hydraulic facility.