• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.88-92
• /
• 2015

In order to study the semi-conductive characteristics of carbon black-filled ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) composite film, which is used for measuring occlusal force, composite samples with volume ratios of carbon black to EPDM ranging from 30% to 70% were prepared. The process of making a composite film consists of two steps, which involve the preparation of a slurry composition and the fabrication of a thin film using solution casting and a lamination process. To prepare the slurry composition, we dispersed carbon black nanoparticles into an organic solvent before mixing with an EPDM solution in toluene. The mechanical and electrical properties of the resulting carbon black-filled EPDM film were then investigated, and the results showed that the electrical resistance of a film decreases with the increase in the carbon black content. Furthermore, improved elastic recovery was observed after cross-linking the EPDM.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.231-237
• /
• 2005

Interruption of good fluidization in a fluidized bed ash cooler(FBAC) for discharging bed materials such as sand or coal ash particles from the CFB combustor is frequently happened because of agglomeration of the particles in the bed. This unstable operation may, in the worst case, result in an unscheduled boiler shut down. In this study, we examined the operation problems of the FBAC of Tonghae CFB boiler and studied and introduced the simple detection and solution techniques with analyzing the mixing property and the occurrence of defluidization in a simulated fluidized bed ash cooler system (0.5m-H x 0.5m-W x 1.0m-L). The bridge of the large particles at the bed surface could be observed, and this caused to form the defluidization area at the entrance of the FBAC. The defluidization was affected not only by airflow rates but also by the particles discharging rates as well as particle size distribution in the FBAC. The local defluidization could be detected by analysis of the accumulated standard deviation error at a given period of time. Also, the regulation of the overall or local airflow rate made clearing up the local defluidization possible.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.818-825
• /
• 2001

Polycarbonate(PC)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by solution and melt mixing methods. A d-spacing of the nanocomposites was measured by an X-ray diffractometer. Neat montmorillonite (MMT-Na) and MMTs modified by dodecyl ammonium (MMT-DA) or dimethyl hydrogenated tallow 2-ethylhexyl ammonium (MMT-25A) were used. The d-spacing value of PC/MMT-25A and PC/MMT-DA was higher than that of PC/MMT-Na. The d-spacing increased from around 12 to $37AA$ depending on the mixing method. PC was more readily introduced to the gallery of MMT as the molecular weight of PC reduced and the mixing time increased. PC/MMT-25A showed higher thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) than PC/MMT-DA and PC/MMT-Na.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.125-128
• /
• 2005

The dispersion of carbon nanofiber (CNF) was carried out by solution blending, mechanical mixing, and sonication. CNFs at levels of 5-50% fiber weight content were mixed with polypropylene (PP) powder, and then were melt-mixed using a twin-screw extruder. For the further alignment of fibers, extruded rods were stacked uni-directionally in the mold cavity for the compression molding. For the evaluation of mechanical properties of nanocomposites, tension, in-plane shear, and flexural tests were conducted. CNF/PP composites clearly showed reinforcing effect in the longitudinal direction. The tensile modulus and strength have improved by 100% and 40%, respectively for 50 % fiber weight content, and the flexural modulus and strength have increased by 120% and 25%, respectively for the same fiber weight content. The shear modulus showed 65% increase, but the strength dropped sharply by 40%. However, the property enhancement was not significant due to the poor adhesion between fiber and matrix. In the transverse direction, the tensile, flexural, and shear strength decreased as more fibers were added.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.553-563
• /
• 2013

The present study aims to show how the problem of reproducing, as closely as possible, binders of historic mortars by mixing raw materials which are commercially available, can be formulated as a linear optimization problem. The study points out that by mixing five standard raw materials (end-members) it is possible to obtain mortar binders with the almost same chemical compositions of those determined on the historic and archaeological mortar samples studied in some recent scientific papers. An advanced function of the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, the Solver add-in, was used for the calculation of the right amount of each raw material to be mixed for producing the new binders. This approach could be useful to provide an optimal solution in the process of restoration of ancient monuments, where it is necessary to replace the historic mortars with new highly compatible repair mortars.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2010

Two kinds of oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) 316L stainless steel were manufactured using a wet mixing process(wet) and a mechanical alloying method (MA). An MA 316L ODS was prepared by a mixing of metal powder and a mechanical alloying process. A wet 316L ODS was manufactured by a wet mixing with 316L stainless steel powder. A solution of yttrium nitrate was dried after being in the wet 316L ODS alloy. The results showed that carbon and oxygen were effectively reduced during the degassing process before the hydroisostatic process (HIP) in both alloys. It appeared that the effect of HIP treatment on increase in impact energy was pronounced in the MA 316L ODS alloy. The MA 316L ODS alloy showed a higher yield strength and a smaller elongation, when compared to the wet 316L ODS alloy. This seemed to be attributed to the enhancement of bonding between oxide and matrix particles from HIP and to the presence of a finer oxide of about 20 nm from the MA process in the MA 316L ODS alloy.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.1020-1033
• /
• 2015

In order to design a compact urea selective catalytic reduction system, numerical simulation was conducted by computational fluid dynamics tool. A swirl type static mixer and a mixing chamber were considered as mixing units in the system. It had great influence on flow characteristics and urea decomposition into ammonia. The mixer caused flow recirculation and high level of turbulence intensity, and the chamber increased residence time of urea-water-solution injected. Because of those effects, reaction rates of urea decomposition were enhanced in the region. When those mixing units were combined, it showed the maximum because the recirculation zone was significantly developed. $NH_3$ conversion was maximized in the zone due to widely distributed turbulence intensity and high value of uniformity index. It caused improvement of $NO_x$ reduction efficiency of the system. It was possible to reduce 55% length of the chamber and connecting pipe without decrease of $NO_x$ reduction efficiency.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2015

In this study, biochar-bead, prepared from biochar powder derived from woody biomass, was used for removal cadmium ion in aqueous solution. Various mixing ratios of alginate solution and biochar powder were used for the production of round shape biochar-bead. An optimum mixing ratio was selected as 1.5% alginate solution and 20 wt% biochar. The produced biochar-bead was characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD analyses. The adsorption capacity of Cd(II) by biochar-bead was found to be 9.72 mg/g which was higher than that by GAC and PAC. According to this study, round shape biochar-bead is expected to be used as a media for reactive barrier or water filtration.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.547-554
• /
• 2006

The overall objective of this research was to find out the role of rapid mixing conditions in the species of hydrolyzed Al(III) formed by Al(III) coagulants and to evaluate the distribution of hydrolyzed Al(III) species by coagulant dose and coagulation pH. When an Al(III) salt was added to water, monomeric Al(III), polymeric Al(III), precipitate Al(III) was formed by Al(III) hydrolysis. The method of hydrolyzed Al(III) species characterization analysis was based on timed spectrophotometer with ferron as a color developing reagent. The hydrolytic species were divided into monomer, polymer, precipitate from the reaction kinetics. And then, the color intensity for monomeric Al(III) was read 3 min after mixing. With standard Al solution containing monomeric Al(III) only, the Al-ferron color intensity slightly increased with until about 3 min. During the rapid mixing period, for purewater, formation of dissolved Al(III) (monomer and polymer) was similar to rapid mixing condition, but for raw water, the species of Al(III) hydrolysis showed different result. During the rapid mixing period, for high coagulant dose, Al-ferron reaction increases rapidly. The kinetic constants, Ka and Kb, derived from Al-ferron reaction. The kinetic constants followed very well the defined tendencies for coagulation condition. For pure water, when the rapid mixing time increased, the kinetic constants, Ka and Kb showed lower values. Also, for raw water, when the rapid mixing time increased, the kinetic constants, Ka and Kb showed lower values.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2015

PURPOSES : Recently, bonded concrete overlay has been used as an alternative solution in concrete pavement rehabilitation since its material properties are similar to those of the existing concrete pavements. Deteriorated concrete pavements need rapid rehabilitation in order to prevent traffic jams on Korean expressways. Moreover, speedy and effective repair methods are required. Therefore, the use of bonded concrete overlay with ultra-rapid hardening cement has increased in an effort to reopen promptly the expressways in Korea. However, mobile mixer is required for ultra-rapid hardening cement concrete mixing in the construction site. The use of mobile mixer causes various disadvantages aforementioned such as limitation of the construction supply, open-air storage of mixing materials, increase in construction cost, and etc. In this study, therefore, hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete produced in concrete plant is attempted in order to avoid the disadvantages of existing bonded concrete overlay method using ultra-rapid hardening cement. METHODS : Bonded concrete overlay materials using ultra-rapid hardening cement should be meet all the requirements including structural characteristics, compatibility, durability for field application. Therefore, This study aimed to evaluate the application of hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete by evaluating structural characteristics, compatibility, durability and economic efficiency for bonded concrete overlay. RESULTS : Test results of structural characteristics showed that the compressive, flexural strength and bond strength were exceed 21MPa, 3.15MPa and 1.4MPa, respectively, which are the target strengths of four hours age for the purpose of prompt traffic reopening. In addition, tests of compatibility, such as drying shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity, and durability (chloride ions penetration resistance, freezing-thawing resistance, scaling resistance, abrasion resistance and crack resistance), showed that the hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete were satisfied the required criteria. CONCLUSIONS : It was known that the hydration accelerator in-situ mixing on polymer modified concrete overlay method was applicable for bonded concrete overlay and was a good alternative method to substitute the existing bonded concrete overlay method since structural characteristics, compatibility, durability were satisfied the criteria and its economic efficiency was excellent compare to the existing bonded concrete overlay methods.