• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to develop porridge with medicinal herbs and chicken breast meat and to find out the optimum mixing ratio. Several herb extracts such as Acanthopanacis senticosus, Rehmannia glutinosa, Disocorea japonica, and Poria cocos Wolf were used in the ratio of 2, 1, 1, and 1, respectively. The optimum processing condition for herbal chicken porridge was determined by a design expert program. Seventeen experimental points were selected, and herb extracts (82~101 g), chicken breast meat (30~50 g), and glutinous rice (40~60 g) were chosen as the independent variables. The measured responses were preference of taste, DPPH radical scavenging, SOD-like activity, and cost. The optimum formulation of herbal chicken porridge using the numerical analysis was set at herbal extracts (101 g), chicken breast meat (38.66 g), and glutinous rice (41.34 g) with a 0.714 desirability value. DPPH radical scavenging effect, preference of taste and the cost showed a linear model, whereas SOD-like activity showed a quadratic model indicating a higher interaction among the mixture. As a result of proximate composition of optimized herbal chicken porridge, the contents of moisture, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents were 76.4, 9.0, 1.4, 0.5, and 1.6%, the calories of the porridge was 46.1 kcal/100 g.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

The cultivation of agricultural crops results in the generation of agricultural byproducts. Researchers have reported that these materials can be useful in a variety of applications. However, over 50% of them are currently discarded because of the lack of specific technologies in industrial applications. Therefore, effective and specific applications must be developed in order to manufacture high-quality materials using discarded lignocellulosic resources. In this study, we determined the possibility of using kraft pulp from major agricultural byproducts as a raw material for the manufacture of paperboard. Rice husks, peanut husks, and garlic stems were obtained and used to prepare many kinds of kraft pulps by controlling the active alkali, sulfidity, reaction time, and liquor ratio. After the production of these kraft pulps, handsheets were manufactured by mixing them with KOCC. After preconditioning, the physical properties and strengths of the handsheets were measured according to the TAPPI test methods. The shapes, lengths, and widths of the pulp fibers varied according to the type of agricultural byproduct and the kraft pulping conditions. Rice husk and garlic stem pulps manufactured under mild pulping conditions resulted in handsheets of higher bulk than other pulps. Garlic stem pulps manufactured under mild pulping conditions were stronger than rice husk pulps and peanut husk pulps.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.441-450
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the effects of partial replacement of corn grain and soybean meal with agricultural by-product feeds on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and optimum levels of mixing ratio. The agricultural by-products to examine the effectiveness of the partial replacement of concentrate were wheat bran, corn gluten feed, bakery waste, soybean curd, rice bran, green kernel rice, soybean hull, distillers' grain, and mushroom substrate. In the first experiment, in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after incubation. In the second experiment, fermentation characteristics were investigated with green kernel rice and soybean curd which replaced corn grain or soybean meal. Feed were formulated with 40% corn grain + 20% soybean meal (T1), 40% corn grain + 17.5% soybean meal + 2.5% soybean curd (T2), 25% corn grain + 20% soybean meal + 15% green kernel rice (T3), and 30% corn grain + 15% soybean meal + 6% green kernel rice + 9% soybean curd (T4), respectively, with forage source of 10% alfalfa hay, 20% timothy hay, and 10% corn silage as fed-basis. In 24 and 48 hour cultivations, T4 showed significantly lower pH compared to T1, whereas in 3 and 24 hour cultivations, T4 showed significantly higher DM degradation compared to T1. In addition, the gas production of T3 was also higher than T1 (p<0.05). Overall results of the present experiments indicated that green kernel rice and soybean curd as agricultural by-products have the possibility of partial replacements of corn grain and soybean meal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.2035-2041
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• 2013

The effects of Aspergillus oryzae rice koji (AO) and Asp. kawachii rice koji (AK) as enzyme preparations, on the quality characteristics of rice mash were invested in this study. The amount of AORM (Asp. oryzae rice mash) and AKRM (Asp. kawachii rice mash) were 50, 100, 200% (w/w) based on 100 g of rice. Firstly, in the titer measurement result on the ${\alpha}$-amylase and glucoamylase activities of AO and AK. On the other hand, the acid protease activity has values of 31.56 unit for AO and 849.17 unit for AK. The sugar solid of the AORM and AKRM groups significantly increased as the rice koji ratio on rice was higher, which were shown with values as high as 17.63~20.53 and 17.51~19.28, respectively. Glucose and maltose were detected for free sugar of AORM. Only glucose was found in AKRM. Citric acid, malic acid, and lactic acid were detected as the organic acid of KORM; oxalic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid were detected for AKRM, and the content increased as the rice koji ratio on rice increased (P<0.05). From the above result, rice koji with useful mold is expected to be used broadly in foods by looking at the fact that it has starch degradation ability and organic acid producibility.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 2011

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic materials commonly used for rice culture on the soil chemical properties and yield and quality of rice. Treatments were applied on the surface layer after rice planting and included: A) Kumsugangsangold, commonly used as a nutrient source for organic rice culture in Chonnam province (compost I), B) Rice bran, containing large quantities of vegetable ingredient (compost II), C) Chamdalkom, manufacturing by-product fish (compost III), and D) Hangawi, mixing anmimal and vegetable ingredients (compost IV). Seasonal N-mineralization rate was faster on the compost I and III with lower C:N ratio than those of the compost II and IV. Soil chemiceal properties were not significantly affected by treatments. Seasonal organic matter was higher on the compost II and IV with high input of the organic materials than those of compost I and III, which would affect the level of biomass C. Higher rice yield treated by compost I was observed in year 1, but no significant difference was observed in years 2 and 3.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.200-206
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• 2018

This study was to investigate the optimal condition of mixture ratio for development of functional food ingredient from Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran. First, $^{\circ}Brix$ was measured along with extraction time. Five kinds of mixtures of Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10) were extracted in $95^{\circ}C$ water over a one-hour period and the extraction yield was evaluated. We further evaluated ${\beta}-glucan$ content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content and total flavonoids content. As a result, both Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran showed a constant $^{\circ}Brix$ after 45 minutes of extraction time. The content of ${\beta}-glucan$ was highest in the Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran mixture with a ratio of 3:7. As the ratio of rice bran increased in all mixtures, the antioxidant capacity also increased. In conclusion, to create a functional food ingredient the optimal mixing ratio of Sarcodon aspratus to rice bran is 3:7.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

For the bottle cultivation of pleurotus nebrodensis, poplar tree sawdust was a better substrate than corncobs in terms of primordia and growth characteristics. The nutrition rich substrate was cottonseed dregs, cottonseed coat, bran, corn powder, and rice bran. The mixing ratio was adjusted such that the nitrogen content was ${\leq}58%$; cotton seed dregs, at the level of 20%, were particularly necessary to adjust the nitrogen content for the substrates that had high total nitrogen content. Additionally, inclusion of calcium carbonate in the substrate was better for primordia and growth characteristics than inclusion of calcium hydroxide. In the absence of calcium carbonate, the elasticity of pileus and stipe decreased and their hardness increased. Therefore, the optimum substrate composition for the cultivation of Pleurotus nebrodensis was 40:20:20:15:3:2 mixing ratio of poplar tree sawdust, cottonseed dregs, cottonseed coat, bran, corn powder, and calcium carbonate.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the optical conditions to satisfied the salt concentration of 1% below of compost produced by using the material of foodwaste and sawdust. We changed the mixing ratios of foodwaste : sawdust from 7:3 to 3:7 and the ratios of foodwaste : rice hull from 6.5:3.5 to 4:6. We analyzed C/N, pH, temperature, water content, volatile solid, salt, heavy metals to check the degree of composting. The running conditions of composting were $80{\sim}133{\ell}/min{\cdot}m^{3}$ of air flow rate, 1:4 of time interval(on:off) and 7days of turning interval. Running times were 28days. The optical mixing ratio of foodwaste : sawdust was 6:4 when we compared many factors. Especially when the mixing ratios of foodwaste : sawdust or foodwaste : sawdust were 7:3 or 6:4, the composting was not accomplished by the reason of low C/N. The concentrations of heavy metal were sufficiently low to satisfied the satandard of organic compost. The salt concentration was 0.43%-0.46% that was the half of initial concentration. The rice hull was the good in pore rate and 통기성, and so it can used alternative material.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1995

This study was concentrated on the subject of chou formation and physicochemical characteristics on medium flour mixed with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% of rice flour in order to clarify the possibility to substitute rice flour for wheat flour on chou preparation. The water holding capacity, swelling power, and maximum viscosity were higher in rice flour than those in medium flour but the initial pasting temperature was equal to 65$^{\circ}C$ in the two flour groups. The ratio of setback during cooling became 0.94 in the rice flour and 1.14 in the medium flour. So, the rice flour showed a slow tendency during gel formation as compared with the medium flour. The volumes of the rice choux were ranged from 80.0% to 89.0% according to the mixing ratio of medium flour as compared with that of the chou of wheat flour. But, the choux formation were increased as much as 108.8% out the paste added gelation of glutinous substance and 124.4% at the paste added Span20 of emulsifier compared to the non-addition treatment. The paste of rice flour added gelatin and Span20 showed better dispersion of components, especially, the small granules of lipid were fairly or plentifully dispersed in the paste added Span20 due to emulsifying activity. In sensory evaluation, the chou of l00% rice flour was inferior to that of medium flour on cavity-forming but the choux of wheat flour mixed with 25%, 50%, and 75% of rice flour were equal or superior to that of medium flour on all characteristics tested such as appearance, surface color, cavity-forming, chewiness, and taste. There were no significant differences on the cavity-forming expansion and taste between choux of rice flour and wheat flour Therefore, the results of this study made conclusion that rice flour would be substituted for wheat flour on the chou preparation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the growth and yield responses of hydroponically grown tomato as affected by the different substrates using perlite and mixtures with perlite. Substrates used in this experiment were perlite (fine and coarse granule), peatmoss, rice hull and carbonized rice hull. The results obtained were as follows ; The best results in terms of total fruit yield and average fruit weight obtained in the single treatment of perlite, followed by perlite mixture with rice hull and carbonized rice hull. Leaf area was also higher in the plots of perlite mixture and optimum mixing ratio of perlite, peatmoss and carbonized rice hull was determined as 5:3:2 by volume. The more the rice hull was added to the mixed substrates, the less in fruit production was observed. However, adding perlite to other substrates brought higher fruit yield. Single treatment of rice hull showed the lowest fruit yield but enhanced in soluble solids contents over 6.0 $^{\circ}$Brix at each cluster.