• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 1998

SBR latex, polyurethane latex and epoxy latex were mixed with polyvinyl acetate emulsion in 0~15% (wt.%). For the mixtures, the viscous properties were examined. The viscosity was influenced by the dispersed phase and the chain structures of polymer, and decreased with the rising of temperatures. The viscosity was increased with mixing of epoxy latex, but decreased with addition of SBR latex or polyurethane latex. Thixotropic index was influenced on the size of micelle and hydrogen bond. The thixotropic index was increased with mixing of epoxy latex or polyurethane latex within 5%, but keep up equality over that. The thixotropic index was decreased with mixing of SBR latex within 5%, but keep up equality over that. The relative viscosity were influenced on the activity of molecule and the interference of dispersed phases, was increased with the rising of temperatures. The relative viscosity was decreased with mixing of epoxy latex, but increased with mixing of SBR latex or polyurethane latex.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.3045-3049
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• 2007

This paper presents a numerical study to enhance the mixing of polyurethane resin in a container. In general, the properties of polyurethane resin vary with the production environment, such as temperature. However in this study we assumed that the dynamic viscosity of the polyurethane is kept constant at 15 [Pa s]. We computed the flow solution and visualized the mixing pattern for different shapes of mixers by using commercial code, ANSYS CFX. In order to quantify mixing, we employed the concept of mixing index by volume integration.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 1982

The mixing of salicylic acid and wheat starch powders was studied using a V-type mixer. After the optimum operating conditions of the mixer were examined, the mixing characteristics relating to dilution ratio, particle size of active ingradient and addition ratio of lubricants were investigated. The coefficient of variation was expressed by a power law relating to the dilution ratio and the particle size of active ingredient. Furthermore, the comparison of results with the theoretically estimated value of mixing index suggested that the mixing of cohesive pharmacceutical powders is a complex stochastic process and cannot be explained fully by a simple theory based on a complete random mixing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2006

In this study a newly designed electro-osmotic micro-mixer is proposed. This study is composed of a channel and metal electrodes attached locally on the side wall surface ultimately to control the mixing effect. To obtain the flow patterns, numerical computation was performed by using a commercial code, CFD-ACE. The fluid-flow solutions are the cast into studying the characteristics of stirring in terms of the mixing index. It was shown that the local control of the electric potential can indeed contribute to the enhancement of mixing effect.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2010

Since emission regulations for vehicles have become more stringent, SCR technology has drawn a strong attention in order to reduce NOx emissions. Optimal design of a reductant injection nozzle and a multi-hole plate located between the cone and catalyst is critical in that the uniform distribution of reductant is necessary to maximize the NOx conversion efficiency and minimize the slip of reductant in SCR. In this work, an LPG fuel(C3H8 in vapor state) was used as a reductant for LPG vehicles. A Realizable k-$\varepsilon$ model is used for turbulence, and SCR body is defined as porous media with inertia and viscous resistances measured in this work. Effect of the number of nozzle holes on the flow mixing index was analyzed, which revealed that a four hole nozzle shows the best performance in terms of uniformity of flow. An installment of a multi-hole plate at the entrance of catalyst was evaluated with flow mixing index, uniformity of flow, and pressure drop. A multi-hole plate with gradual hole diameter change in three steps showed the best uniformity of flow within the conditions suggested in this work.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1038-1043
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the effects of mixing on the aggressive behavior of commercially housed pigs. The behavioral patterns of 36 groups of pigs (a total of 360 animals) were observed over 3 consecutive days directly after weaning ($25{\pm}1.2$ days of age), and 25 and 50 days later with the aid of video technology. Fight latency and total duration and frequency of fighting were significantly different among the age groups. The aggressive behaviors decreased in 75-day old pigs if compared to 25- and 50-day old animals. Moreover, dominance index (DI) was higher in 25-day old and lower in 75-day old pigs. A comparison of dominant (DI>0) and submissive (DI<0) pigs showed significant differences (p<0.05) for major aggressive behaviors in all age groups. Dominant pigs were involved in more aggressive interactions, had longer fights, and initiated more fights than submissive pigs. Post-mixing aggressive behavior was altered by previous experience of mixing. Aggressive behavior and DI are suitable methods for analyzing the effects of mixing on commercially housed growing pigs.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2016

In this study, we have investigated to find optimal pre-treatment flocculation condition by analyzing the floc growth rate with mixing conditions and the membrane permeation flux for pre-treatment step of the membrane process. The higher mixing intensity showed a constant floc size index (FSI) values, and lower mixing intensity increased the degree of dispersion of the FSI values. Results of comparing the distribution characteristics of the FSI value and the permeation flux were more effective in increasing flux when the FSI values were 0.2 or higher. The degree of dispersion of FSI was relatively large in 40 rpm mixing condition compared to 120 rpm. In 40 rpm mixing condition, it decreased the permeation flux compared to 120 rpm because various sizes of flocs were distributed. Coagulation-UF membrane process enhanced 30%~40% of the flux rate compare to UF alone process, and the coagulation-MF process increased up to 5% of the flux rate compare to MF alone process. Pre-treatment, that is, coagulation process, has been found to be less effects on relatively larger pore size for MF membrane. For UF membrane, the flux was a little bit same when applying only the rapid mixing process or rapid mixing with slow mixing processes together. In case of MF membrane, the flux was improved when rapid mixing process applied with slow mixing process together.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1988

This paper analysis the process capability by applying experiment design to control alcohol in soluble matter mixing process of laundry soap. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Alcohol insoluble matter shows the tendency of increasing according to the mixing temperature (A) and beating velocity (B). (2) The most suitable working condition of the mixing process is $A_2B_2$, and 95% confidence limit of alcohol insoluble matter is $22.06{\pm}0.77%$. (3) The process capability index ($C_p$) of the mixing process is improved from 0.64 to 1.68.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2017

This paper is concerned with the evaluation of mixing performance of a particle mixer, which consists of a vertical cylindrical vessel and a rotating impeller with several blades. We consider four design variables for the mixer blades, such as the angle, length, and number of blades, and the gap between the blades and the vessel bottom. The particle mixing process due to the impeller rotation is simulated using the discrete element method, and the mixing performance is quantitatively evaluated by introducing a mixing index. Analyzing the main effects and interactions of the four design variables through the design-of-experiments approach, it is concluded that the blade angle has the most dominant influence on the mixing performance whereas the gap has no significant influence. In addition, we determine the best combination of design parameters to maximize the mixing performance.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.644-651
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• 2021

Alkyl amines are widely used in various industries. Nowadays these are also used in CO₂ capture technology because amines react with CO₂ and remove it from the flue gas. To make the amines more compatible towards this technology, physico chemical properties may be altered by mixing with other solvents. In the present report, we measured the refractive properties of pure diisopropylamine (DIPA) (1) + isomeric butanol (2) at 298.15 K to 308.15 K. The 𝚫n values were positive for DIPA + n-butanol or sec-butanol or isobutanol or tert-butanol mixtures. The measured data was correlated with Redlich-Kister equation. The excess molar volume data were predicted from refractive index data using Nakata and Sakurai model. The experimental data were also predicted by various correlations, and the prediction capability of these correlations was reported through standard deviation. Further, the deviation in refractive index (𝚫n) data was interpreted by the consideration of specific molecular interactions between DIPA and isomeric butanol.