• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.297-308
• /
• 2007

The granulation equipment of concentrated wastes is manufactured for the polymer solidification of concentrated wastes. It uses liquid sodium silicate as a granulating agent for the granulating of dried powder containing boric acid. The granulating agent is sprayed in the form of droplet and mean size of dried granules is $2{\sim}4mm$. The new technology which has been used for the polymer solidification of spent resin in U.S. and certified by Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is successfully applied to concentrated wastes. This uses in-situ solidification process within drum without mechanical mixing. Maximum loading of waste can be achieved without increasing of waste volume. Polymer waste forms were evaluated with several test such as fire test, compressive strength test, leaching test, immersion test, irradiation test, and thermal cycling test according to standard test procedures.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2010

Increasing ash content of the paper is one of the most effective methods for saving raw materials and steam consumption and improving optical properties and better print quality. However, the increase of filler loading or filler content using a conventional wet end system is limited due to severe loss in strength properties, affecting runnability and product quality. This is because the filler has no ability to make bonding with cellulosic fibers. Therefore, if the technology to give filler the bonding ability is developed, the ash content of the paper can be increased more than ever. This study was carried out to modify PCC by coating its surface with starch contributing to better bonding with fibers. To prepare the modified PCC, cationic starch was selected as a polymer and then pretreatment was done by mixing PCC and cationic starch. Consequently, the pretreated PCC contributed to higher tensile strength, stiffness and opacity than the conventional filler, such as GCC and untreated PCC. However, CIE whiteness and ISO brightness decreased slightly compared to conventional fillers.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2013

This paper surveys the ESD characteristics of the PANI added PU/MWNT film according to the manufacturing conditions such as variation of the loading contents of PANI and the mixture ratio of 2 dispersion solutions. For this purpose, PANI added PU/MWNT ground films were made with IPA/MWNT 3wt% dispersion solution and PANI/DMF dispersion solutions(5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30wt% contents of the PANI) by the mixture ratio of dispersion solution(10/50, 20/40, 30/30, 40/20, and 50/10part) in the PU (972DF) 100g, which was treated with 500rpm for 30min in the stirrer with condition of the dry temperature $120^{\circ}C$ for 2min. Totally, 36 kinds of PANI added PU/MWNT film specimens were prepared. The physical properties of the PANI added PU/MWNT films such as electrical resistivity, absorbancy by UV-Vis spectrometer, and triboelectricity were measured and discussed with surface characteristics of the PANI added PU/MWNT films by SEM. The dispersion property of PANI to the DMF showed best dispersion at the 25% of PANI content. The surface electrical resistivity of the PANI added PU/MWNT films was decreased with increasing the weight content of PANI/DMF dispersion solution, and it showed the lowest value $10^6{\Omega}$ at the mixing condition of PANI/DMF 20part and MWNT/IPA 40part with 30% PANI. Furthermore, it was shown that the electrical and physical properties of the PANI added PU/MWNT film such as electrical resistivity, and triboelectricity were better than those of PU/MWNT film prepared with no PANI, which was result obtained in previous paper.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.66-75
• /
• 2015

The flexural performance of amorphous steel fibers having environmental and economy benefits due to relatively short manufacturing process were evaluated as well as that of hooked steel fibers by varing fiber length and volume fraction. Fiber lengths were 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm and fiber volume fractions were varied from 0.3% to 1.2%. Test results with flexural performance showed that mixing design needs to be careful because of relatively high volume of amorphous steel fiber compared to hooked steel fibers. High flexural strength was obtained from both longer fiber length and higher volume fraction. Residual strength and toughness of amorphous steel fiber were similar to that of hooked steel fiber, even though rapid dropping of applied load right after concrete matrix breaking. It can be judged that relatively high ability of energy dissipation around first cracking area relatively overcome rapid dropping of loading.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.659-665
• /
• 2015

Loading of hydrophobic ${\alpha}$-tocopherol into nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was performed for improving its oxidative stability. First, various NLCs with different constituents and mixing ratios were prepared and their characteristics were investigated. While the stable NLCs were made when cetyl palmitate (CP) or glyceryl monosterate (GMS) was used as a solid lipid, the phase separation occurred in the NLCs consisting of stearic acid. Particle sizes of the NLCs were several hundreds of nanometers and the size decreased with increasing the ratio of solvent to lipid. It was examined from DSC thermogram and anisotropy test that the degree of crystallinity of the lipid phase decreased and the lipid matrix became less ordered when octyldodecanol, a long chain fatty alcohol, was added into the solid lipid. The oxidative stability of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in NLC was remarkably improved compared to that in solution or emulsion under high temperature ($45^{\circ}C$) and UV radiation, which was verified through DPPH test and peroxide value measurement.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.571-576
• /
• 2012

A sol-gel derived carbon composite electrodes (CCEs) were fabricated by mixing horseradish peroxidase (HRP), sol of tetraethoxysilane (TESO), and graphite powder. The HRP solution was added to the sol solution of TEOS, and then graphite powder was added to this mixture. The resulting carbon ceramic network effectively encapsulated HRP and shows a catalytic reduction starting at -0.2 V for $H_2O_2$. The optimum conditions for $H_2O_2$determination have been characterized with respect to the enzyme loading ratio and pH. The linear range and detection limit of $H_2O_2$ detection were from 0.2 mM to 2.2 mM and 0.035 mM, respectively. The common electroactive interferences such as ascorbic acid, acetaminophene, and uric acid were not affected upon the response to $H_2O_2$ at the HRP biosensor due to low detection potential.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2013

Occupational exposure and risk assessment were conducted to evaluate the safety of operators when insecticide acetamiprid was applied to apple orchard using a speed sprayer. Dermal patches, cotton gloves, socks, and masks were used to monitor the dermal exposure, and personal air pump with solid sorbent was used to measure the potential inhalation exposure. In validation to analytical methods, the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.25 ng and 1 ng, respectively. Good reproducibility (coefficient variation < 4%), linearity (coefficient determination > 0.999), and recovery (85.3-118.2%) were obtained. Trapping efficiency of solid sorbent was 96.4% while breakthrough did not occur. Only hand exposure was measured on the gloves during mixing/loading to give $33-1,132{\mu}g$. Exposure amount of operator 3 among 4 workers was noticeably high. The total volumes of spray liquid for operators were $535-1,235mL{\cdot}h^{-1}$, corresponding to 0.03-0.08% of the applied spray solution. Highest contaminated parts of body were thighs, chest, and lower legs. The inhalation exposure ratio to the total application amount was significantly low. However, wind seemed to affect the inhalation exposure of operator. For risk assessment, margin of safety was calculated by the application of cloth and dermal penetration rate to obtain values of much larger than 1 in all cases. Therefore, health risk of operators during treatment of acetamiprid in apple orchard could be of least possibility.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 1999

Recently, the treatment of that wastes according to increase of food waste has been a great problem of modern society for long time. This study was aimed to evaluate possibility for food waste and sewage sludge mixture treatment using pilot scale two-phase anaerobic digester. Pilot scale two-phase anaerobic digestion system was performanced at 1 : 9 mixture ratio of food waste and sewage sludge infield. The detention time of digester was 20days. The average COD and VS removal efficiencies in organic loading rate $3.03kg\;TCOD/m^3-day$ were 57.7 and 47.7%, and the gas production rate and methane content were $0.4m^3/kg$ VS-day and 65.3%, respectively. TS, VS and VS/TS(%) of mixing tank were 4.44%, 2.59% and 58.34%, respectively and TS. VS and VS/TS(%) of digester in steady state were 3.32%, 1.39% and 41.90%, respectively, Through this study. it was possible to accomplish effective mixture treatment of the sewage sludge and food waste.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2008

Optimum conditions for production of casein phosphopeptides (CPP) from sodium casenate by immobilized cell culture of Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens were investigated. Immobilized cells were made by mixing 60% sodium alginate solution with an equal volume of culture broth at the end of exponential phase and subsequently dropping the mixture into $CaCl_{2}$ solution. Optimum conditions for CPP production by the immobilized cells were the same as those ($50^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, and 10% substrate concentration) by the crude enzyme solution from the supernatant of culture broth. Optimum loading volume of the immobilized cells into a batch reactor was 30% (w/v). Using a continuous reactor loaded by the immobilized cells under the identified optimal conditions, we were able to produce CPP continuously up to 30 days with a maximum CPP conversion efficiency of 20%.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2013

PURPOSES : The objectives of this study are to develop the eco-friendly pavement material using polyurethane binder and evaluate mechanical properties of the developed binder and concrete. METHODS : The bending beam test was conducted to select the sample candidates of polyurethane binder based on the bending strength. The characteristics of viscosity, curing time, and temperature change of sample binder was examined on different temperature conditions. The mechanical properties of polyurethane binder was estimated using the dynamic modulus testing. The indirect tensile strength test was conducted on polyurethane binder concrete with different gradation and binder content for evaluating the mechanical properties of concretes. RESULTS : Based on the beading beam test, four different binder samples were prepared for estimate the mechanical properties. The viscosity of polyurethane binder tends to increase with increase of liquid temperature and the hardening phenomenon begins 10 to 15 minutes at room temperature after mixing the resin and hardener. It is observed that the dynamic modulus of binder increases as loading frequency increases and change of modulus is found to be the highest in the PU-2I binder type. The PU-2I binder concretes shows the largest value of indirect tensile strength and indirect tensile energy. CONCLUSIONS : The use of polyurethane binder as pavement materials is capable of increasing the pavement performance and reducing the detrimental environmental effect during the highway construction.