• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.72-84
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• 1994

A model to explain the observed kinetics in a whole process of Cheddar-cheese ripening has been developed. It includes growth and lysis of cells in the cheese matrix, cell-wall bound protelnases and intracellular dipeptidases that are released into cheese upon cell lysis, and the production of dipeptides and amino acids from casein in cheese. Model simulations have been conducted to figure out the crucial factors in the process of the cheese ripening. The influential factors have been found to be the cell numbers and the dipeptidase activity at the beginning of the cheese ripening, and the cell-lysis rate of cheese starters. The simulation results have also suggested the use of a mixed culture as well as the experimental screening for a more suitable organism as a cheese starter hence, the model shows how to accelerate the cheese ripening.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.662-669
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine consumers increased interest pertaining to the structural elements of the triangular gimbap. Through an investigation of their importance by attribute and the attribute's partial value, the preference of the triangular gimbap was obitained. The survey was conducted with a panel of two hundred and one university students, from January 7, 2013 to January 14, 2013. In order to achieve an optimal production of the triangular gimbap, the survey consists of 8 profiles with an orthogonal design for cross-validity authorization and reliability of the model. The statistical data analyses use SPSS/WIN 20.0 for the conjoint analysis. The results of this study indicate that the triangular gimbap, with 30% brown rice, mixed stuffing, weight of 100 grams, and a price of 800 won was selected. It is an estimation that new customers will be attracted to the triangular gimbap that consists of a variety of rice and stuffing.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.77-83
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• 2002

We measured flame extinguishing concentration and flue gas composition in the n-heptane fuel cup-burner system using inert gas agents such as nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide and their mixtures. The flame extinguishing concentration of binary gaseous mixture was well predicted by model which contains the flame extinguishing concentration and composition of pure components. The higher average specific gravity of the mixed inert gas agents, the more excellent flame extinguishing performance. And the structure of enclosed space also affects the fire extinguishing. The composition of carbon dioxide in the flue gas was decreased with increasing extinguishing agent used. Nitrogen monoxide production is not related with increasing nitrogen, but increased at rapid mass flow rate of air in the cup-burner.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.365-373
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• 2011

Effective Microorganisms (EM), a fermented medium developed by Professor Higa at the University of the Ryukyus, is a mixed culture containing dozens of microorganisms which are beneficial to nature including people, animals, plants and many microbial species in environment. EM is known to contain more than 80 kinds of anaerobic or aerobic microbes including photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, fungi and so on, with yeast, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria as the main species of EM. Antioxidant effect generated by the concert of complex coexistence and coprosperity among these microbes is considered to be the main source of EM benefits. Currently, EM is earning an increasing attention with applications in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, environment and medicine among others. At the same time, however, a quantitative interpretation of EM system based on a mixed culture model needs efforts from biochemical engineers for efficient production and further promotion of EM. In this paper, we describe the functions of major microbes in EM and current researches and applications of EM in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, environment and medicine.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.373-380
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• 2007

In this paper, we consider a new lot-sizing and scheduling problem (LSSP) that minimizes the sum of production cost, setup cost and inventory cost. Setup carry-over and overlapping as well as demand splitting are considered. Also, maximum number of setups for each time period is not limited. For this LSSP, we have formulated a mixed integer programming (MIP) model, of which the size does not increase even if we divide a time period into a number of micro time periods. Also, we have developed an efficient heuristic algorithm by combining decomposition scheme with local search procedure. Test results show that the developed heuristic algorithm finds good quality (in practice, even better) feasible solutions using far less computation time compared with the CPLEX, a competitive MIP solver.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1156-1166
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• 2023

Objective: Pork belly is a cut of meat with high worldwide demand. However, although the belly is comprised of multiple muscles and fat, unlike the loin muscle, research on their genetic parameters has yet to focus on a representative cut. To use swine breeding, it is necessary to estimate heritability against pork belly traits. Moreover, estimating genetic correlations is needed to identify genetic relationship among the traditional carcass and meat quality traits. This study sought to estimate the heritability of the carcass, belly, and their component traits, as well as the genetic correlations among them, to confirm whether these traits can be improved. Methods: A total of 543 Yorkshire pigs (406 castrated males and 137 females) from 49 sires and 244 dam were used in this study. To estimate genetic parameters, a total of 12 traits such as lean meat production ability, meat quality and pork belly traits were chosen. The heritabilities were estimated by using genome-wide efficient mixed model association software. The statistical model was selected so that farm, carcass weight, sex, and slaughter season were fixed effects. In addition, its genetic parameters were calculated via MTG2 software. Results: The heritability estimates for the 7th belly slice along the whole plate and its components were low to moderate (0.07±0.07 to 0.33±0.07). Moreover, the genetic correlations among the carcass and belly traits were moderate to high (0.28±0.20 to 0.99±0.31). Particularly, the rectus abdominis muscle exhibited a high absolute genetic correlation with the belly and meat quality (0.73±52 to 0.93±0.43). Conclusion: A moderate to high correlation coefficient was obtained based on the genetic parameters. The belly could be genetically improved to contain a larger proportion of muscle regardless of lean meat production ability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.434-441
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• 2009

The effect of varying sulfate concentration on continuous fermentative hydrogen production was studied using enriched mixed microflora in continuously fed reactor. Glucose was used as a model substrate for carbohydrates, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) was maintained at 1, 0.5, 0.25 day, respectively. Sulfate concentration was 0${\sim}$20,000 mg/L and the operating pH was maintained at 5.5. The experimental results indicate that hydrogen production is not affected by high sulfate concentration and shorter HRT of 0.25 day enhance hydrogen production. At HRT 1, 0.5, 0.25 day, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield were 2.6, 4.6, 9.4 L/day, and 2.0, 1.8, 1.6 mol $H_2$/mol glucose, respectively. Residual sulfate content was 96${\sim}$98, 95${\sim}$97, and 94${\sim}$97% at HRT 1, 0.5, 0.25 day which show that no sulfate reduction occurred in the reactor during the experiments. Results of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) may indicate the presence of HPB (hydrogen producing bacteria) under all experimental conditions. However, SRB (sulfate reducing bacteria) were not found.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2014

Samples of Clitoria ternatea L. (Cunh$\tilde{a}$) were harvested at 35, 50, 70, and 90 d after a uniformity harvest in a field study designed as a completely randomized design with a total of 18 experimental plots. The dry matter yield of the whole plant was separated quantitatively into leaves, stems, and pods at each harvesting age. Chemical analyses and in vitro gas production kinetics were performed to assess the quality of the plant parts. Yields, chemical composition, and estimates of gas production parameters were analyzed by fitting a mixed statistical model with two types of covariance structures as follows: variance components and an unrestricted structure with heterogeneous variances. Fast and slow gas yielding pools were detected for both leaves and stems, but only a single pool was detected for pods. The homoscedasticity assumption was more likely for all variables, except for some parameters of the gas production kinetics of leaves and stems. There was no presence of typical pods at 35 and 50 d. In the leaves, the fibrous fractions were affected, whereas the non-fibrous fractions were unaffected by the harvesting age. The harvesting age affected the majority of the chemical constituents and gas kinetic parameters related to the stems. The leaves of this legume were the least affected part by the aging process.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1242-1246
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• 2003

Data pertained to 335 crossbred cows comprising of 1/2 Friesian (F) + 1/2 Hariana (H), 1/2 F + 1/4 Jersey (J) + 1/4 H, 1/2 F + 1/4 Brown Swiss (BS) + 1/4 H, 1/2 F + 1/4 Red Dane (R) + 1/4 H, FR (I) and FRH (I) genetic groups extending over a period of 21 years (1970-1990) maintained at Animal Farm of CCS HAU, Hisar. The averages for first lactation milk yield was $2,486.24{\pm}80.26kg$ and peak yield of first three lactation were $11.35{\pm}0.72kg$, $13.97{\pm}0.60kg$ and $16.02{\pm}0.42kg$, respectively. The lifetime milk production was observed as $11,305.16{\pm}1,004.52kg$ in crossbred cattle. The average first lactation fat yield was observed as $102.06{\pm}0.01kg$ and peak fat yield of first three lactation were $0.458{\pm}0.01$, $0.490{\pm}0.01$ and $0.500{\pm}0.02kg$, respectively. The lifetime fat production was estimated as $502.31{\pm}45.90kg$. LTMP and LTFP had reasonably good additive genetic variance which could be exploited either through mass selection/combined with family or pedigree selection. FLMY, peak yields and LTMP had significant positive phenotypic correlation with FLFY and LTFP and the correlation at the genetic level were also higher and positive for these traits. Finally, peak week milk yield of first lactation (PMY1) was the earliest available trait having desirable and significant correlation at phenotypic and positive at genetic level with FLFY, PFY1 and PFY2, PFY3 and LTFP and selection for this trait will help in early evaluation of sires and dams and will increase genetic advancement per unit of time.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-200
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• 1998

This paper presents an original approach for solving short-term power scheduling in extended power system with two fuels in a unit and a limited fuel using Lagrangian relaxations. The underlying model incorporates the full set of costs and constraints including setup, production, ramping, and operational status, and takes the form of a mixed integer nonlinear control problem. Moreover, the mathematical model developed includes two fuels in a unit and a limited fuel, regulation reserve requirements of prespecified group of units. Lagrangian relaxation is used to disaggregate the model by generator into separate subproblems which are then solved with a nested dynamic program including empirical knowledges. The strength of the methodology lies partially in its ability to construct good feasible solutions from information provided by the dual. Thus, the need for branch-and-bound is eliminated. In addition, the inclusion of two fuels in a unit and a limited fuel provides new insight into the limitations of current techniques. Computational experience with the proposed algorithm indicates that Problems containing up to 23 units including 8 unit used two fuels and 24 time periods can be readily solved in reasonable times. Duality gaps of less than 4％ were achieved.