• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.25-78
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• 2005

As a key and core knowledge for the design of various types of nuclear reactors, the discipline of reactor physics has been advanced continually in the past six decades and has led to a very sophisticated fabric of analysis methods and computer codes in use today. Notwithstanding, the discipline faces interesting challenges from next-generation nuclear reactors and innovative new fuel designs in the coming. After presenting a brief overview of important tasks and steps involved in the nuclear design and analysis of a reactor, this article focuses on the currently-used design and analysis methods, issues and limitations, and current activities to resolve them as follows: (1) Derivation of the multi group transport equations and the multi group diffusion equations, with representative solution methods thereof. (2) Elements of modem (now almost three decades old) diffusion nodal methods. (3) Limitations of nodal methods such as transverse integration, flux reconstruction, and analysis of UO2-MOX mixed cores. Homogenization and related issues. (4) Description of the analytic function expansion nodal (AFEN) method. (5) Ongoing efforts for three-dimensional whole-core heterogeneous transport calculations and acceleration methods. (6) Elements of spatial kinetics calculation methods and coupled neutronics and thermal-hydraulics transient analysis. (7) Identification of future research and development areas in advanced reactors and Generation-IV reactors, in particular, in very high temperature gas reactor (VHTR) cores.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.573-583
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• 2023

Although unmanned aerial vehicles have been used to overcome the limited accessibility of human-based visual inspection, unresolved issues still remain. Onsite inspectors face difficulty finding previously detected damage locations and tracking their status onsite. For example, an inspector still marks the damage location on a target structure with chalk or drawings while comparing the current status of existing damages to their previous status, as documented onsite. In this study, an augmented-reality-based structural inspection system with onsite damage information marking was developed to enhance the convenience of inspectors. The developed system detects structural damage, creates a holographic marker with damage information on the actual physical damage, and displays the marker onsite via an augmented reality headset. Because inspectors can view a marker with damage information in real time on the display, they can easily identify where the previous damage has occurred and whether the size of the damage is increasing. The performance of the developed system was validated through a field test, demonstrating that the system can enhance convenience by accelerating the inspector's essential tasks such as detecting damages, measuring their size, manually recording their information, and locating previous damages.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.421-446
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• 2024

Through Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the growth of music streaming platforms has revolutionized music consumption. "Digital Shadow Work" (DSW) refers to unpaid labor in digital spaces, with some prior research on its aspects. However, a comprehensive understanding is hindered by limitations in existing studies such as a lack of universality and dynamic exploration. To address these gaps and enable a comprehensive investigation into the role of DSW within highly versatile digital applications such as digital streaming platforms, this study employs a grounded theory methodology, a qualitative approach well-suited for exploring the intricacies of DSW among users of Chinese music streaming applications over a two-month period, involving longitudinal interviews with nine participants. The study findings elucidate the dynamic nature of DSW perceptions, which fluctuate across different stages of use and change in intensity over time. This study uncovers mixed attitudes towards DSW tasks, and observes a waning enthusiasm for social features over time, prompting some users to consider switching platforms. This study highlights the importance of thoughtful and user-centric feature development to enhance user satisfaction and the understanding of DSW, providing practical design and enhancement implications for music streaming applications.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-93
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the problem solving strategy for Goldberg machine tasks of the gifted students in elementary science depending on the cognitive style(tendency to field-dependent and field independent). It was aimed to provide suggestions for the features and differences of the problem solving strategies of the gifted students in elementary science according to their cognitive styles. A total of 16 students, from the gifted class of P elementary school in Hwaseong were sampled for the research, cognitive styles Test was conducted to divide the students in teams, and the teams were classified according to cognitive style tendencies to five groups of field-dependent group, weak field-dependent group, mixed group, weak field-independent group and field-independent group. The Goldberg device task given was to make a Goldberg device within the angle framework of (Figure) 1, for a bead to start from the starting point and to reach the final point the last. The results are as follows: First, regarding the plan for producing the device, the stronger the field-independent tendency, they established more specific strategy-reflected plan; the stronger the field-dependent tendency, they established less specific strategy-reflected plan. Second, all cognitive style groups took a limited period of time into consideration, to fabricate the devices for the ball to arrive the last using a fine adjustment rather than many devices. Third, the field-independent group used a lot of logical reasoning; the field-dependent group used a lot of intuitive thinking. Fourth, the field independent group properly utilized strategies such as cooperation and role allocation; the field-dependent group tried to solve the task personally rather than cooperatively with poor role allocation. Fifth, the intermediate mixed group solved the problem better than the inclined groups such as field-dependent or field-independent groups.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

In immersive virtual environments including mixed reality (MR) and virtual reality (VR), avatars or agents, which are virtual humans, are being studied and applied in various ways as factors that increase users' social presence. Recently, studies are being conducted to apply generative AI as an agent to improve user learning effects or suggest a collaborative environment in an immersive virtual environment. This study proposes a novel method for interface application of a virtual assistant agent (VAA) using OpenAI's ChatGPT in an immersive virtual environment including VR and MR. The proposed method consists of an information agent that responds to user queries and a control agent that controls virtual objects and environments according to user needs. We set up a development environment that integrates the Unity 3D engine, OpenAI, and packages and development tools for user participation in MR and VR. Additionally, we set up a workflow that leads from voice input to the creation of a question query to an answer query, or a control request query to a control script. Based on this, MR and VR experience environments were produced, and experiments to confirm the performance of VAA were divided into response time of information agent and accuracy of control agent. It was confirmed that the interface application of the proposed VAA can increase efficiency in simple and repetitive tasks along with user-friendly features. We present a novel direction for the interface application of an immersive virtual environment through the proposed VAA and clarify the discovered problems and limitations so far.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.237-249
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the adequacy of current nurse staffing levels by identifying nursing activities and workload. Methods: The study used a mixed-method design. A nursing activity survey was conducted using the work sampling method over 2 working days with 119 general ward nurses. A focus group interview was conducted with 12 nurses. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and content analysis, respectively. Results: The most amount of time was spent on medication (in direct nursing) and electronic medical record documentation (in indirect nursing). The appropriate nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:7.7 for the day shift, 1:9.0 for the evening shift, and 1:11.9 for the night shift. However, the current nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:9.4, 1:11.0, and 1:13.8 for the day, evening, and night shifts, respectively. Therefore, the current nurse staffing level is insufficient for the workload. In the focus group interview, the main reasons cited for being unable to complete tasks within working hours were communication and coordination, and the nursing electronic medical record. The essential nursing activities of basic nursing and emotional support were overlooked owing to a heavy workload. Therefore, an adequate nurse staffing level should be higher than the measured quantitative workload. Conclusion: These results suggest the general wards of tertiary hospitals should evaluate the adequacy of their current nurse staffing and allocate sufficient nurses to improve patient safety and nursing care quality.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

The mixed-use development project like urban regeneration project has been enforced with long period and participation of various stakeholders. For this character, lots of risk could be occurred during the process of project and the project's success or failure depends on the risk management. So the process of identifying and responding to risks in urban regeneration projects should be followed systemically. The risk identification phase is the first step to identify risk factors and define risk's character. One of the risk identification methods, the checklist, is the most practical and well-known one. This study suggests the check list that devide risks classified by stakeholders through analizing tasks of stakeholders and drawing risks. This kind of checklist which handles risk factors classified by stakeholders is an easy tool to identify risks and expected to be effective to find risks for various stakeholders and themselves in the urban regeneration projects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.187-196
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• 2017

In using lecture evaluation methods to improve the quality of education, most universities need to reflect the changes in the educational environment. The transformation of university education into a mixed learning environment blending face-to-face education and online education necessitates the development of appropriate lecture evaluation items. For this purpose, we analyzed the items and the factor analysis for the students of C university in Daejeon. The primary data were carried out with 47 measurement items in 10 domains, such as planning and preparation of lectures, which were found through previous research analysis. Secondary data were validated by using the items confirmed through analysis of preliminary test data. The study results showed that 20 items including six domains such as planning and preparation of lectures, learning materials, learning tasks, instruction media, online course test and grades were derived. These study results suggest that universities lectures should be evaluated to ensure improvement.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.29-39
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• 2012

The main objective is to predict the future degradation and maintenance budget for a suspension bridge system. Bayesian inference is applied to find the posterior probability density function of the source parameters (damage indices and serviceability), given ten years of maintenance data. The posterior distribution of the parameters is sampled using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The simulated risk prediction for decreased serviceability conditions are posterior distributions based on prior distribution and likelihood of data updated from annual maintenance tasks. Compared with conventional linear prediction model, the proposed quadratic model provides highly improved convergence and closeness to measured data in terms of serviceability, risky factors, and maintenance budget for bridge components, which allows forecasting a future performance and financial management of complex infrastructures based on the proposed quadratic stochastic regression model.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.273-281
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• 2008

In a knowledge-information based society, effective management across IT industries, value of information and interoperation are more important than eyer before. Therefore, ITA/EA which helps to plan and manage IT systematically and effectively, was enacted and announced in 2005 and has been considered as an innovative IT management approach. Unfortunately, however, new standardization of ITA/EA has not fully discussed yet. How to successfully apply EA/ITA to IT is considered as the most urgent challenge and this study aims to find out the most effective method. To this end, it was emphasized that training systems for specialized experts must be operated systematically through 'standardization of terms and tasks' and 'standardization of manpower training' and certification of specialty must be newly established. In addition. it was strongly demanded that dual structure caused by mixed concepts between ITA and EA must be eliminated. At the same time. a new model for domestic standardization was suggested so that not only ITA/EA can be recognized as IT engineering but also professional engineers can accept ITA/EA as a scientific field. In summary, this study is intended to propose how to improve information management efficiency through ITA/EA.