• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.31-35
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• 2003

High-Flowability Concrete has many advanced properties and been focused on their workability. Because of the difficulty in understanding of the quality of High-Flowablity Concrete just using slump properties, many studies have been carried out rheological properties influenced on concrete fluidity. In this paper, for the purpose of expecting some level of rheological properties, the change of rheological properties of High-Flowability Concrete with dosages and types of superplasticizer, and various addition amounts addictives were investigated.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1997년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.357-364
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• 1997

In this experiment high-strength concrete of good workability is made by means of either replacing unit cement quantity to fly-ash by 20% or using low heat cement to reduce the internal hydration heat suggested as the fault of concrete. Concrete is poured through ready mixed concrete to test the ability of applying to the substantial works and is carried out the test of flowing and core strength and record of temperature of imitating specimens. It is capable to apply high-strength concrete replaced to fly-adh 20% to the substantial works through the experiment

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.435-439
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• 2019

목적: 골다공증성 척추 압박골절을 가진 환자에서 혈액을 혼합한 시멘트를 사용함으로써 기존 시멘트를 이용하여 경피적 척추 성형술을 시행했을 경우 나타나는 합병증을 줄이는 데 적합한지 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2016년 1월부터 2017년 1월까지 80명을 대상으로 후향적으로 진행되었다. 각 군에서 기존에 사용하던 시멘트 20 g에 혈액을 각각 2, 4, 6 ml를 섞어서 다공성 시멘트를 생성하였다. 지름 2.8 mm, 길이 215 mm의 튜브를 이용하였고 중합온도, 응결 시간, 적절한 통과시간을 측정하여 기존의 시멘트만 사용하던 것과 비교하였다. 방사선적으로 컴퓨터 단층촬영 및 X-ray를 통하여 결과를 평가하여 비교하였다. 결과: 중합온도는 기존의 시멘트(R), 2 ml (B2), 4 ml (B4), 6 ml (B6) 군에서 각각 70.3℃, 55.3℃, 52.7℃, 45.5℃였으며, 응결시간은 960초(R)에서 558초(B2), 533초(B4), 500초(B6)로 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 통과시간은 각각 73초(R)에서 45초(B2), 60초(B4), 78초(B6)를 보였으며, 혈액의 양이 증가할수록 기존의 시멘트 통과시간과 유사하였다. 방사선적 결과 분석에서 추체 재건율과 추체 재함몰률은 4군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 인접 추체 골절은 R군에서 2건, B2, B4 군에서 1건씩 나타났으며, 시멘트 누출률은 기존 시멘트 군에서 약 2배 높게 측정되었다. 결론: 기존의 경피적 척추 성형술 시 본인 자가 혈액을 시멘트와 혼합하여 사용하는 술식은 중합온도의 감소, 응결시간의 단축을 보이며 시멘트 누출 발생률이 적었다. 이러한 물성은 기존의 시멘트만 사용하는 경우보다 합병증을 줄일 수 있는 더 적합한 기계적 특성에 도움일 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2016

Cyclic triaxial and resonant column tests were conducted to understand the beneficial effects of various grouted sands on liquefaction resistance and dynamic properties. The test procedures were performed on a variety of grouted sands, such as silicate-grouted sand, silicate-cement grouted sand and cement-grouted sand. For each type of grout, sand specimen was mixed with a 3.5% and 5% grout by volume. The specimens were tested at a curing age of 3, 7, 28 and 91 days, and the results of the cyclic stress ratio, the maximum shear modulus and the damping ratio were obtained during the testing program. The influence of important parameters, including the type of grout, grout content, shear strain, confining pressure, and curing age, were investigated. Results indicated that sodium silicate grout does not improve the liquefaction resistance and shear modulus; however, silicate-cement and cement grout remarkably increased the liquefaction resistance and shear modulus. Shear modulus decreased and damping ratio increased with an increase in the amplitude of shear strain. The effect of confining pressure on clean sand and sodium silicate grouted sand was found to be insignificant. Furthermore, a nonlinear regression analysis was used to prove the agreement of the shear modulus-shear strain relation presented by the hyperbolic law for different grouted sands, and the coefficients of determination, $R^2$, were nearly greater than 0.984.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.625-630
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• 2008

In the bone cement composed of dense granules of $\beta-Ca_3(PO_4){_2}(\beta-TCP)$ and $Ca(H_2PO_4){_2}H_2O$, the compressive strength, setting time and temperature rise were measured to observe the degradation of cement with respect to the stored days before setting. Decreases of compressive strength and temperature rise were observed, while setting time increased with respect to the stored days. The similar trends were repeated with the increase of temperature of storage. Such a change virtually meant the fading of the character of cement and it took place only when the two starting materials were mixed during storage. The degradation could be mitigated taking advantage of granular $\beta$-TCP instead of powdery one. The formation of $CaHPO_4$, which resulted from reaction with ambient humidity, was attributed to the degradation observed during storage. Dependence of the degradation behavior on mixing and temperature during storage was discussed in terms of the driving force for reaction of cement.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2020

상온에서 발생하는 1, 2성분계 무시멘트 콘크리트의 강도저하 문제를 개선하기 위해 시멘트를 실리카 흄, 플라이애시, 고로슬래그 미분말로 치환한 3성분계 무시멘트 콘크리트의 슬럼프와 압축강도 특성을 통해 비교분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 3성분계 무시멘트 콘크리트는 2성분계에 비해 높은 압축강도를 나타냈으며 실리카 흄을 10% 혼입한 경우 슬럼프 감소가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 삼각조성도를 통해 슬럼프 및 압축강도 수준별 각 무기결합재의 적정 구성비율 범위를 제시하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1999

Blended Low Heat type cement is ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash mixed ternary with ordinary portland cement. From the viewpoint of X-ray patterns of domestic LHC, the main components of cement such as $C_2$S, $C_3$A, $C_3$S are considerably reduced. Therefore the heat evolution of LHC paste is 42cal/g lower than of OPC paste. At early age, the compressive strength development of LHC concrete is delayed, but the slump loss ratio of fresh concrete is reduced more than 20% with elapsed time. The penetrability of LHC is lower than that of OPC by 1/7.8 with the penetrability of chloride ion into the concrete until the age of 120 days. And the PD Index value of LHC is 0.44$\times$10-6 $\textrm{cm}^2$/s, which indicates only 39.3% of OPC. From the Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry test of cement past, we know that the pore size of LHC is more dense than that of OPC by production of C-S-H.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2014

Due to the revised Korean standard KS L 5201 for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), the use of mixed cement has grown from 5% to 10%. This study investigates the hydration behavior of $C_3A$, asit is a cement mixture that is more commonly used than granulated blast furnace slag or limestone alone. Paste samples were prepared with either granulated blast furnace slag or limestone alone. Each sample was compared with the widely used Rietveld method with a cement mixture containing blast furnace slag or limestone. The hydration behavior of $C_3A$ in each OPC sample was assessed and results were analyzed. Granulated blast furnace slag promotes a high initial level of ettringite, but as the days passed, it promotes an increase in monosulfate, leading to cracks and expansion due to the penetration of sulfates in the solution. However, when limestone is added to the mixture, a transformation of ettringite to monosulfate occurs in the presence of the $CaCO_3$ in the limestone. It is considered that this produces hemi-carbonate and mono-carbonate and thus maintains the ettringite level.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2002

전로슬래그를 환원개질한 후 -200/+325 mesh 입도로 분쇄하고, 시약급 CaO, $SiO_2$, $Fe_2$$O_3$등을 첨가하여 보통 포틀란트 시멘트를 형성할 수 있도록 조성을 조절한 펠렛을 제작하였다. 이 펠렛을 사용하여 $1250^{\circ}C$~$1450^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 각각 15분~45분간 소성실험을 하였다. 슬래그시멘트 클링커 제조에 적합한 최적의 소성조건은 $1450^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 이상 소성하는 조건이었고, 이렇게 제조한 슬래그시멘트를 사용한 모르타르의 압축강도는 보통 포틀란트 시멘트 모르타르보다 우수한 장기 강도를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1328-1338
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• 2015

Years of research have shown that the application of microorganisms increases the compressive strength of cement-based material when it is cured in a culture medium. Because the compressive strength is strongly affected by the hydration of cement paste, this research aimed to investigate the role of the microorganism Sporosarcina pasteurii in hydration of cement paste. The microorganism's role was investigated with and without the presence of a urea-CaCl₂ culture medium (i.e., without curing the specimens in the culture medium). The results showed that S. pasteurii accelerated the early hydration of cement paste. The addition of the urea-CaCl₂ culture medium also increased the speed of hydration. However, no clear evidence of microbially induced calcite precipitation appeared when the microorganisms were directly mixed with cement paste.