• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability and satisfaction of space to which positive elements in Leed-Certified Office Building are applied. The study was conducted using the three-step approach. The first step was to understand the building and identify the issues which included the analysis of floor plans, documentations, and the interview with designers and facility managers. The second step was FGI(Focus Group Interviews), which were conducted with mixed employees of rank and location of workplace. Finally, a web-based questionnaire survey was conducted on the 319 executives and employees. Methods of analysis used were quantitative analysis of questionnaire, qualitative analysis of open ended free-answer, and FGI in the second step. Satisfaction, preference, and comfort level were studied using cross tab, co-relation, ANOVA for quantitative analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First, lobby and atrium are representative elements that are functioning positively and it is recognized as sustainable spaces being utilized by users. Second, there are several dead spaces like green shaft, roof garden and sunken space although they can contribute to Leed-certification. Third, there are some problematic spaces such as the O.A. room and the urinals even though they contribute to the Leed-certification.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.188-196
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to identify the design characteristics of space components observed in Malaysian hotel lobbies. For this study, we conducted a case study on the facades and indoor space components of 15 hotel lobbies in Langkawi and Penang, and drew conclusions as follows. First, designs found in the facades and indoor space components of Malaysian hotel lobbies reflected all of traditional and colonial styles, religious styles including Islamic, and contemporary styles. Second, traditional designs showed rather the modernization of traditions than the preservation of traditions. Particularly in ceilings, walls and windows/doors, conservative or progressive modemization was observed frequently. Third, contemporary designs were mostly formative modernization, and materials and colors still adhered to traditions and nature. Fourth, in applied furniture, traditional wood sculptures were mixed or traditional material rattarn(stems of climbing palms) was utilized actively. Fourth, a large number of designs symbolized the Malaysian first religion Islam. Summing up these results, the common point of designs observed in the facades and indoor space components of Malaysian hotel lobbies was that they were transformed into Malaysian style regardless of whether they were traditional or colonial.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between play behaviors and young children's playfulness in a variety of play space environments. The subjects were 150 4-year old children of 29 mixed-age classes in childcare centers of Seoul and Gyeonggi area. The results were as follows; (1) Their play behaviors differed according to their play environment in terms of classroom spaces. Solitary-active play behaviors were more frequently observed in large play spaces than small. (2) Leading participation, cognitive flexibility, voluntary full immersion, and total playfulness scores correlated negatively with reticent behavior. Leading participation, voluntary full immersion, and total playfulness scores, on the other hand, correlated positively with group play behavior. (3) In small play spaces, leading participation, voluntary full immersion correlated negatively with reticent behavior, but leading participation correlated positively with group play. In middle play spaces, cognitive flexibility correlated negatively with reticent behavior. In large play spaces, voluntary full immersion correlated negatively with parallel play, but leading participation, cognitive flexibility, expressions of joy, voluntary full immersion, and total playfulness score correlated positively with group play.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2015

The premature loss of the mandibular primary canine is relatively frequent and a sign of the upcoming space problems in the transitional period. This situation is caused by the permanent lateral incisor resorbing the root of the primary canine during its eruption. Bilateral loss of primary canines in a crowded arch leads to the lingual tipping of the permanent incisors, with the consequent reduction in the arch perimeter and increase in overbite. When the loss of a primary canine is unilateral, tipping of the adjacent incisors occurs toward the space, resulting in midline deviation. In these situations, treatment possibilities, such as extraction of the antimeric tooth or placement of a passive lingual arch, can be applied; although there are some controversies concerning this. Most space problems with less than 4 mm can be resolved through preservation of the leeway space using sequential disking of the primary teeth and a passive lingual arch, regaining space or limited arch expansion in the late mixed dentition. In cases with 4~6 mm of space problems, arch expansion (A-P or transverse) can be applied. Space problems with more than 6 mm should be treated through diagnosis and treatment planning. Most of these cases will require extraction of permanent teeth including serial extraction (guidance of eruption).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2012

This paper has tried to analyze the characteristics of space in Korean traditional architecture by deconstructive concept through connecting Lao-tzu's theory, the main discourse of East and West, with Derrida's deconstructionism theory. Derrida's philosophical term of differance(diff$\acute{e}$rance) is similar to Tao of Lao-tzu. It is because Derrida emphasized the relationships with others by trying the strategy of overcoming dichotomous thinking by this term. Tao of Lao-tzu also has the relative characteristics that cannot be concluded by one sole meaning. Like this, Derrida and Lao-tzu are against traditional and dichotomous way of thinking. In this point of view, this study has set Derrida's deconstruction theory and Lao-tzu's thinking as the common viewpoint of this world. And through the phrase of Tao Te Ching which means deconstructive Tao, deconstructive space design vocabulary was derived as mixed no-boundary, shape of no-shape, transcendence of time and space. The deconstructive characteristics of traditional space by case study analysis of Lao-tzu's deconstructive space design are as follows: First, it is not a specific or detailed shape but an unlimited possibility that can be transformed into something else, moving and changing endlessly and has a borderless beauty. Second, it is nothing itself but creates various shapes, as if it exists without shape. Third, it is a relative and unlimited space and pursuits a free form as a non-conceptional shape without any system or value.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2002

This paper is to evaluate an open space on university campuses enclosed within buildings, with respect to building elevation a wall of an open space including outer wall materials and window forms and an open space itself. It uses case study methods to periodically know specific details about open spaces and surrounding buildings elevation. It was found, at first, that it was emphasized vertical elements on window frames as well as building elements in an era of the 1910's to the 1930's. It, however, was changed into emphasizing on horizontal features in the era of the 1960's to the 1970's. Meanwhile the period from the 1940's to the 1950's was a turning point. The horizontal style was continued until the 1980s and the style was changed into various style mixed with various types. Secondly, an open space was recognized as a valuable design criteria for a construction of buildings in the 1930s to the 1970s. It was, however, a forgotten criteria during the late 1970's and the 1980's because of short age of the construction budget of the government. In the 1990's, the importance of open space design reappeared on the design of a block plan. Thirdly, a design style of an open space was authoritarianism using symmetrical and magnificent style in the 1910's to the 1930's. The time of 1945 to the 1950's was a turning point from authoritarianism to an idea of efficiency. In the 1960's and the 1970s, an idea of efficiency emphasizing their functions was prevalent to the design of buildings and open spaces and this trend was continued until the 1980's. A romanticism was realized on the design of an open space and surrounded building's.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2779-2788
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• 2012

The housing market is now difficult because of excess of the increase rate of housing and long-term recession but high-rise mixed-use buildings can mix residential facilities with various demand facilities focusing and they have the advantages to secure open space and excellent view by high-rise apartment. But there are problems by hindrance of skyline formation and height of buildings. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest the height standard and the slenderness ratio to location types of Mixed-use Residential Tall buildings. For the method of the study, term arrangement through literature search and the precedent research survey were first done, the level of urban design and the details related to the height of buildings were done as the case research focusing on the 16 cases in Seoul. The following results were drawn by suggesting the height standard and the slenderness ratio by location type based on them. First, the height of mixed-use building by location type in the level of urban design gets higher starting from the secondary center of the city and can be suggested as from less than 150m to more than 200m. Second, the slenderness ratio shall be planned as more than 1:3 because the area of the ground level of mixed-use building is large unlike Mixed-use Residential Tall buildings and visual passage shall be placed so that unity of openness and group formation will be planned. Third, for the height related to Mixed-use Residential Tall buildings, amendment of the special architectural district system and the special law related to super high-rise buildings shall be enacted.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2012

Improving the physico-chemical properties of used media by mixing ratio of new plug media (NPM), used plug media (UPM) and perlite is necessary to improve seedling quality. In this study, five treatments were designed to investigate mixing ratio of UPM and NPM by ratio of volume 0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25, 100 : 0, respectively. On the other hand, nine treatments were designed to investigate of perlite volumes were added to UPM and mixed media (UPM : NPM (50 : 50)) with 0, 5, 10, and 20% of ratio volume. The physicochemical properties of all mediums and their effect on growth response of tomato and cucumber seedlings were determined. The result indicates that physical properties was improved when NPM was mixed with UPM and at mixed ratio of volume 50 : 50 (v : v) has similar pore spare, bulk density and water retention to NPM. Seedling quality of tomato and cucumber in mixed media (50 : 50) are better than other mixed ratio and similar to NPM. Addition perlite to UPM and mixed media 50 : 50 (v : v) increased the pore space and water retention. Physical properties such as particle density, pore space and bulk density were increased when perlite volume increased. However, the best of seedling quality was observed by the addition at 10% volume of perlite. These results suggested that optimum of mixed ratio for recycled used media is new media and used media 1 : 1 mixed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

Today, the views on Temporality of space have been changed not only to be based on the concept of time, but also to identify the space with a body adapted to the new circumstances. The study suggests that the actions of performers in space have been important by changes of views and are connected to the music phenomenology mixed with music whose tempo is the phenomenology related with of human consciousness itself, and derives the temporal property by putting them into Rem Koolhaas space with the fluid quality. According to Clifton's Phenomenology of Music, an understanding of music is made in both human body and consciousness as two ways to listen to sounds and enjoy music. Though a correlation between the characteristics of Clifton's Phenomenology of Music and one of resulted from uncertainty and immateriality of modern space Temporality, we could work out four kinds of characters which are the continuity of the fluidity from temporal programs, contrasting changes or synchronicity, the multidimensionality from synesthesia of line and face, ventilation by quality of the material and immaterial circumstances of sound effects, the implication in events resulted from cognition for information and unexpected actions, and the autonomy of the route of a variety of experiences including intimate connection of inter-related events and temporary and diverse external conditions. Hereby Temporality of musical phenomenology in Rem Koolhaas's space can be experienced by systems base oh the importance of host's motion, changes of programs according to the motion as well as uncertainty and immaterial changes. Due to the changes user's emotion and motion is undergone as Temporality that changes automatically.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2001

The purpose of designing Haebaragi park, legally designated as children park, is to make a place for children including residents performing outdoor recreation, various social interactions, and cultural activities. Design concept for space plan have twofold; the one is a positive and creative playing space and facilities for children, escaped from a monotonous playground, and the other is a cultural and social space for neighboring communities. The site having the area of 1,316.7 square meters, located in Nowon-Dong, Buk-Gu, Daegu metropolitan City, is just like a vest pocket park. The adjacent area had been developed a slum area with mixed ad visually conflicting land use patterns and low income groups. The children and residents living in the area do not have any public space suitable for playing and/or rest. After analyzing such locational characteristic as accessibility, land use of the communities, and potentials for park development, and such design concept as arrangement of facilities, efficient use of site, and functional allocation of park space, We have mad a plan for composition of spaces for various activities, provision of facilities based on estimation of user-demand and activities, and planting. In the design process, we have tried to harmonize functional spaces with facilities, and to organize all the functions as a whole. To improve urbanity and aesthetic shape of park design, we have introduced a central plaza, design of a pave floor, a torrent, large trees for shade, colonnades and so on. From this design project, we can develop the site as a children park for increasing creativities and various playing opportunities, and as a resident space for rest, cultural activities. In the future, it is required that many attempt to design and develop urban small space as a park for children and residents.