• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.17
• /
• pp.175-178
• /
• 2004

The stochiometric mixture of evaporating materials for the $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film was prepared from horizontal furnace. To obtain the $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film, $ZnIn_2S_4$ mixed crystal was deposited on throughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) in the Hot Wall Epitaxy(HWE) system. The source and substrate temperature were $610^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$, respectively and the growth rate of the $ZnIn_2S_4$ sing1e crystal thin film was about $0.5\;{\mu}m/hr$. The crystalline structure of $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film was investigated by photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction(DCXD) measurement. The carrier density and mobility of $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film measured from Hall effect by van der Pauw method are $8.51{\times}10^{17}\;cm^{-3}$, $291\;cm^2/V{\cdot}s$ at $293_{\circ}\;K$, respectively. From the photocurrent spectrum by illumination of perpendicular light on the c - axis of the $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film, we have found that the values of spin orbit splitting ${\Delta}S_O$ and the crystal field splitting ${\Delta}Cr$ were 0.0148 eV and 0.1678 eV at $10_{\circ}\; K$, respectively. From the photoluminescence measurement of $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin film, we observed free excition $(E_X)$ typically observed only in high quality crystal and neutral donor bound exciton $(D^{o},X)$ having very strong peak intensity The full width at half maximum and binding energy of neutral donor bound excition were 9 meV and 26 meV, respectively, The activation energy of impurity measured by Haynes rule was 130 meV.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제15권9호
• /
• pp.1156-1164
• /
• 2012

한옥은 단순히 전통건축의 의미를 넘어서 우리 선조들의 삶에 대한 양식과 인식을 담고 있는 지금도 살아 숨 쉬는 문화유산이다. 최근 한옥이 자연친화적 건축으로 주목을 받게 되면서 한옥의 전통적 방식을 훼손하지 않으면서도 건축과정에 효율을 꾀할 수 있는 방안이 모색될 필요가 대두되었다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 건축정보모델링을 기반으로 하는 설계 지원도구를 개발하여 한옥의 설계에서 검증, 생산 공정에 이르는 전 과정을 지원하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저, 전통건축의 통시대적 고찰과 한옥의 목구조 방식에 대한 체계적인 분석을 통해 전통건축 설계에 필요한 부재들에 대한 효율적 설계 방식을 제시한다. 논문에서 제안하는 방식은 특성이 비슷한 부재들을 모아서 하나의 템플릿으로 설계하고 다양한 형태의 유사부재들을 속성 값에 따라 자유롭게 생성할 수 있도록 객체지향 방식의 표현기법을 사용하는 것이다. 이 방식은 객체지향 방식의 부재를 표현함에 있어서 연결 부재간의 상관관계를 부재와 부재간의 관련 파라미터들 사이의 결합규칙을 적용함으로써 설계의 오류를 최소화 하도록 지원할 수 있다. 또한 개발된 시스템은 서양건축 설계 위주의 CAD프로그램에 플러그 인 형태로 수행할 수 있기 때문에 전통적인 방식의 한옥설계는 물론 한옥 건축문화를 현대적 생활공간에 쉽게 접목할 있도록 고안되었다.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.87-100
• /
• 2007

This study aims at analyzing the characteristics of deconestructionism expressed in Issey Myake's fashion who is one of the most creative designers in the world. Method and contents of this study are as follows. Through the review of literatures, three major categories such as interminacy of meaning, decentring, and intertextuality and eight subcategories have been identified as major features of deconestructionism. These subcategories for content analysis were selected to examine the characteristics of deconstructionism expressed in Issey Myake's design in depth. Interminacy of meaning was divided into unstructured and unconstructed factors while decentring into qualities of cross-gender, subculture, anti-fashion, and post-humanism. Lastly, intertextuality was classified into factors of disordered mixing mode and mixed styles. Materials for analysis were chosen from total 349 designs on the website,www.firstview.com, which carries Issey Miyake's collection from 2002 S/S through 2006 F/W. 2 fashion major analysts including the researcher participated in 1st analysis and two another fashion major analysts participated in 2nd analysis. The final level of consistency between analysts was over 97% for all categories. The data analysis quantitatively evaluates the frequency of each category and qualitatively evaluates the characteristics of design. The result is as follows. First, the avant-garde facets of inter-textuality are most prominent. In particular, Miyake has introduced the various novelly textiles to fashion and employed the mixtured styles, not to copy them but to create hybrid designs by using pastiches and mixing fashion styles. Moreover, he has used various fabrics in order to inflict shock and contrast but still create subtle harmony, thus enriching his fashion. Second, the indeterminacy of meaning is the second most frequently shown facet of Miyake's fashion design. Miyake has employed unconstructed expression techniques, which has projected unusual images free from basic forms of designs and also has used the unstructured styles which dismantle harmony and balance-the common rule of design. He has made a new attempt to acknowledge clothing as an expressive artwork by allowing clothes to take a complete form when a person actually wears them. He has demonstrated a unique perspective on cloth construction and presented a love for artistic collaboration in the development of his collections A distinct manufactured aesthetic is exaggerated, even hyperbolic. Thirdly, the aspects of decentralization were also shown in Miyake's design, however, it has been visibly decreased after 2002 S/S.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 1985

The effects of pre-treatments, the hot water extraction of wood meal and the addition of chemical ($CaCl_2$) to wood-cement water system on the properties of wood-cement composite such as modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), water sorption ratio and swelling ratio of resulting boards were studied in this experiment. The wood meals through 0.83mm(20 mesh) and retained on 0.42mm(35 mesh) screen were prepared from Pinus densiflora S. at Z. and Larix leptolepsis G. For hot water extraction, 500 grams of wood meal for each species were heated to boiling with 1,500ml of distilled water in 2-liter beaker for 6 hours. Every 2 hours, the wood meals were washed with boiling distil1ed water and reheated to boiling again. After 6 hours boiling, the boiled wood particles were collected by pouring this particles on 200 mesh screen. The collected particles then washed twice with hot distilled water and dried for 24 hours in an oven at $109{\pm}20^{\circ}C$. A mixture of 663.4 grams of cement with 331.7 grams of wood meal based on oven-dry weight were dry-mixed in a plastic vessel. The mixture was kneaded with 497.6ml of distilled water in the ratio of 1.5ml of water to a gram of wood meal. To add calcium chloride to the mixture as an accelerator, $CaCl_2$ 4% solution by weight per volume, was added to pine-or larch-cement board in the ratio of 3% to cement weight. To set wood-cement board, this mixture was clamped at 30cm ${\times}$ 30cm, in thickness of 1.5cm for 3 days at room temperature, declamped and then placed at open condition for 17 days. The target density was 1.0. The four specimens sized to 5cm in width and 28cm in length were used for MOR and MOE test for each treatment. After MOR test, the tested specimens were cut to the size of 5cm ${\times}$ 5cm for water sorption and swelling test. The twenty specimens used to measure the water sorption ratio (soaking 24 hours) and ten of these were used for swelling ratio measurement The results obtained were as follows: 1) Larch was not suitable for wood-cement boards because larch-cement board developed no strength, but pine showed 97.9kg/$cm^2$ by hot water extraction. 2) To increase MOR, hot water extraction was more effective than the addition of $CaCl_2$ in pine and larch because the $CaCl_2$ addition was seemed to speed up the ratio of cement hydration without reacting with the wood substances. 3) The water sorption ratio was lowered by the addition of $CaCl_2$ to wood-cement system because the chemical additive accelerated the rate of cement hydration. 4) In pine-cement board, the swelling ratio from 0.37 to 0.42 percent was observed in length and the swelling ratio from 0.88 to 2.0 percent in thickness. As a rule, the swelling ratio of wood-cement board was very low and the swelling ratio in thickness was higher than in length.

• 복식
• /
• 제14권
• /
• pp.145-165
• /
• 1990

This study examine closely conditions of costume between the Modernized period and Liberation with newspaper materials. Because newspaper generally appear society conditions in those days on rapid and across-the boad basis. The Modernized period is extremely change among history of costum (ordinance prohibiting top knots, allowance of foreign clothes putting on). Because this change have been spontaneously not by internal desired but Western input by the strong nation of imperialism to enclose Chosun, they was accepted by the general public later under the rule of Japaneses Imperialism. Consequently, study of costume play an important part periods between the Japanese annexation of Korea and Liberation. This study apply to newspaper characteric for costume, and closely examine an important costum condition of those days next time, and present costume material in those days that composed the account catalog appeared periods between the first publication(1920) of the Dong A II Bo, and in the year 1945, it is as follows. 1. Foreign clothes of men generally accept the general public on look at from form change, in the 1920's had come short Jackets and narrow throusers into fashion, in the 1930's had come trousers of generous waist band with broads shoulder and long Jackets. Catalog of Major clothes is as follows; Spring coat, Jacket, Vest, Shirt, etc. While pants had come trousers into fashion 2. Functional characteric of Foreign clothes was the possible acceptance of women's foreign clothes. It relate with much discussion to improve Korean development in those days and substitute foreign clothes for Korean clothes because of institence in those days to improve functional clothes life. 3. An improvement women's Korean clothes generally take aim at women's nipple liberation, substitute vest waist for skirt waist, appear seamless one-piece skirt of shade length, and long dress length of Jacket. 4. Children's clothes give an account of functional and sanitary conditions, handling method, washing method. 5. Clothes materials give account of foreign clothes material, artificial silk, furs, cotton fabrics, and etc. 6. Clothes management give an account of washing, keeping method, washing method of foreign clothes, and keeping of furs. 7. The hair generaly had come short hair into fashion in men's case, while accounts on long hair fashion of foreign nation effect in case of women. 8. Describing on beauty care manage primary beauty care, reform, plastic operation, and shade beauty care. Ideal beauty care deal with natural and dignified buauty care. 9. Accesaries (hat, handbag, handkerchief, gloves) change with fashion of clothes, it rapid more than clothes fashion. 10. On encouragement of abolition of white clothes and putting on dyeing clothes, because of economic defect of white clothes, psychology and beauty consequently, white clothes is on the rise abolition. In national level almost substitute dyeing clothes for control and improvement of people of all social standings consequently, dress and its ornaments conditions in those days analyzed account of Dong-A II Bo accept the foreign clothes that introduced internal country of the whole century, and substitute dyeing for white clothes. Costume condition in those days appear the mixed conditions of Korean clothes and Foreign clothes. In the 1920's is the first consideration dress and its ornaments form of Korean clothes. As later goes on foreign is given much weight in the whole clothes life. Account of foreign clothes managemental ways appear in the 1920's, while those facts prove the point that appeared the account that always dealed with concrete content of foreign fashion in the 1930's.

• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.318-339
• /
• 1994

본 연구는 우리나라에서 거의 소멸된 면화재배의 지역적인 축소 과정을 확인하고, 현재 농촌에서 이루어지는 면화재배의 의미를 파악하였다. 해방 이후 우리나라의 면방직 공 업은 원면도입으로 해외 원료 의존형 산업이 되었다. 환율정책으로 국내면 가격이 미국산 원조면보다 비싸지고, 정부의 식량증산 위주의 농업정책, 유통구조 등으로 인해 국내면의 재 배면적이 감소되기 시작하였다. 국내 면 재배 면적 감소의 지역적인 과정은 일차적으로 기 후조건이 면화재배에 불리한 지역에서 먼저 나타나 식량 밭작물로 대체되었고, 이후 재배 유인력이 더욱 약해짐에 따라 재배 발원지를 제외한 다른 지역에서는 거의 소멸되고 있었 다. 현재 농촌에서 면화는 이불솜 을 위한 자가 소비용, 식용, 약용외에 다른 작물의 생산성 을 높이기 위한 부작물로서 재배되고 있음이 확인되었다. 재배방법은 종래와 큰 차이가 없 이 행해지고 있었으며 노동집약적으로 생산되고 있다. 농민의 면화에 대한 애착이 강하고, 국내면으로 만든 이불솜을 선호하는 소비자들의 수요가 아직 있음이 확인되어, 정부의 정책 적인 배려와 함께 시장이 확보될 경우 국내면이 앞으로도 재배될 수 있는 가능성을 보여주 고 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제47권
• /
• pp.63-94
• /
• 2002

On the purpose to suggest an advanced scheme in assessing the domestic wheat quality, this paper reviewed the inspection systems of wheat in major wheat producing countries as well as the quality criteria which are being used in wheat grading and classification. Most wheat producing countries are adopting both classifications of class and grade to provide an objective evaluation and an official certification to their wheat. There are two main purposes in the wheat classification. The first objectives of classification is to match the wheat with market requirements to maximize market opportunities and returns to growers. The second is to ensure that payments to glowers aye made on the basis of the quality and condition of the grain delivered. Wheat classes has been assigned based on the combination of cultivation area, seed-coat color, kernel and varietal characteristics that are distinctive. Most reputable wheat marketers also employ a similar approach, whereby varieties of a particular type are grouped together, designed by seed coat colour, grain hardness, physical dough properties, and sometimes more precise specification such as starch quality, all of which are genetically inherited characteristics. This classification in simplistic terms is the categorization of a wheat variety into a commercial type or style of wheat that is recognizable for its end use capabilities. All varieties registered in a class are required to have a similar end-use performance that the shipment be consistent in processing quality, cargo to cargo and year to year, Grain inspectors have historically determined wheat classes according to visual kernel characteristics associated with traditional wheat varieties. As well, any new wheat variety must not conflict with the visual distinguishability rule that is used to separate wheats of different classes. Some varieties may possess characteristics of two or more classes. Therefore, knowledge of distinct varietal characteristics is necessary in making class determinations. The grading system sets maximum tolerance levels for a range of characteristics that ensure functionality and freedom from deleterious factors. Tests for the grading of wheat include such factors as plumpness, soundness, cleanliness, purity of type and general condition. Plumpness is measured by test weight. Soundness is indicated by the absence or presence of musty, sour or commercially objectionable foreign odors and by the percentage of damaged kernels that ave present in the wheat. Cleanliness is measured by determining the presence of foreign material after dockage has been removed. Purity of class is measured by classification of wheats in the test sample and by limitation for admixtures of different classes of wheat. Moisture does not influence the numerical grade. However, it is determined on all shipments and reported on the official certificate. U.S. wheat is divided into eight classes based on color, kernel Hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes are Durum, Hard Red Spring, Hard Red Winter, Soft Red Winter, Hard White, soft White, Unclassed and Mixed. Among them, Hard Red Spring wheat, Durum wheat, and Soft White wheat are further divided into three subclasses, respectively. Each class or subclass is divided into five U.S. numerical grades and U.S. Sample grade. Special grades are provided to emphasize special qualities or conditions affecting the value of wheat and are added to and made a part of the grade designation. Canadian wheat is also divided into fourteen classes based on cultivation area, color, kernel hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes have 2-5 numerical grades, a feed grade and sample grades depending on class and grading tolerance. The Canadian grading system is based mainly on visual evaluation, and it works based on the kernel visual distinguishability concept. The Australian wheat is classified based on geographical and quality differentiation. The wheat grown in Australia is predominantly white grained. There are commonly up to 20 different segregations of wheat in a given season. Each variety grown is assigned a category and a growing areas. The state governments in Australia, in cooperation with the Australian Wheat Board(AWB), issue receival standards and dockage schedules annually that list grade specifications and tolerances for Australian wheat. AWB is managing "Golden Rewards" which is designed to provide pricing accuracy and market signals for Australia's grain growers. Continuous payment scales for protein content from 6 to 16% and screenings levels from 0 to 10% based on varietal classification are presented by the Golden Rewards, and the active payment scales and prices can change with market movements.movements.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2000

가상세계를 저작하기 위한 일반적인 방법은 3차원 모델을 사용하여 객체를 만들고, 그 3차원 객체들을 조직하기 위하여 "장면 그래프(scene graph)"라는 자료구조를 사용하는 것이다. 최근 가상현실의 또 다른 플랫폼으로 이미지 기반 렌더링이 대두되고 있는데, 이 것은 사진과 같은 사실감을 줄 수 있다는 큰 장점을 가진 반면 상호작용의 한계로 인하여 아직까지는 간단한 항해 시스템 등에서만 사용하고 있다. 이 논문은 객체/장면 표현에 대한 위의 두 접근방법의 장점 병합하여, 3차원 모델과 다양한 이미지 기반 객체/장면을 정의하고 이 것들을 함께 렌더링 할 수 있는 장면 그래프 구조를 제안하였다. 또한 Shade등 [1]이 이미 제안한 것처럼, 한 객체에 대한 여러 단계의 LOD(level of detail)를 표현하기 위하여, 서로 다른 다양한 표현방법을 사용하였다. 예를 들면, 동일한 객체지만 가까운 거리에 위치할 때는 3차원 모델을 보여주고, 중간정도 떨어져 있는 경우 빌보드(billboard)의 형태로 보여주며, 아주 멀리 있을 때는 환경 맵(environment map)의 한 부분으로 보여줄 수 있다. 이러한 혼합된 플랫폼을 사용하는 가장 큰 목적은 이미지 기반의 가상환경에 3차원 모델을 포함시킴으로써 상호작용의 한계를 극복하는 것이다. 이러한 플랫폼을 만들기 위하여 몇 가지 선행해야 할 기술적인 과제들이 있다. 다양한 이미지 기반 기술을 유지할 수 있는 장면 그래프의 노드를 디자인하고, 적절한 LOD나 표현을 선택할 수 있는 기준을 정립하며, 그들 사이의 전환을 처리해야 함은 물론, 적절한 상호작용 방법을 구현하고, 전체적인 장면을 올바르게 렌더링 하는 것을 보장할 수 있어야 한다. 현재 우리는 Sense8사의 WorldToolKit 의 장면 그래프 구조에 환경 맵, 빌보드, 움직이는 텍스쳐(moving textures)와 스프라이트(sprites), 그림 속으로의 여행(Tour-into-the-Picture)", view interpolated 객체를 위한 새로운 노드를 추가하였다. 시점으로부터의 거리나 이미지 공간상의 척도를 사용하여 적절한 LOD를 선택하였으며, 사용자가 객체의 내부깊이를 인지하는 거리를 기준으로 객체를 3차원 모델로 보여줄 것인지 이미지로 보여줄 것인지 결정하였다. 또한 상호작용 중에는 객체가 얼마나 떨어져 있는지에 관계없이 3차원 모델이 있다면 그것을 사용하도록 하였다. 마지막으로, 이론적으로 유도한 스위칭 규칙이 유효한지 실험을 하였으며, 긍정적인 결과를 얻었다.

• 기록학연구
• /
• 제22호
• /
• pp.115-155
• /
• 2009

한국이 일본에 병합되면서 갑오개혁~대한제국기 공문서는 조선총독부(朝鮮總督府)로 인계되어 과(課) 단위의 분류체계에서 부(部) 단위로 재분류되었지만, 그전에 몇 번의 재분류과정을 거쳤다. 재분류의 흔적은 갑오개혁~대한제국기 공문서철 표지에 찍힌 분류도장과 창고번호도장에서 확인된다. 분류도장에서는 '부(部)-국(局)-과(課)' 행정체계에서 과(課)를 단위로 문서철을 구분하고 분류도장을 찍고 호수를 부여하였다. 이는 대한제국기 공문서 분류체계와 동일한 것으로, 분류도장을 찍을 당시까지도 課를 단위로 한 분류체계는 유지되었다. 분류도장은 과(課) 단위로 구분하고 각 문서철에 호수를 부여하였지만, 과(課) 하위단위의 분류체계는 과(課)별로 차이가 있었다. 지세과(地稅課) 문서철은 한 호수에 여러 기관이 등장하고 문서연도는 앞뒤 호수에서 중복되었고, 같은 성격의 문서철이 따로 분류되어 있었다. 관세과(關稅課)와 잡세과(雜稅課) 문서철은 문서연도를 기준으로 편철된 두 과(課)의 편철 방식을 반영하여 문서연도를 기준으로 호수를 부여한 것으로 보여지지만, 문서연도와 'イロハ 가(歌)' 순서가 맞지 않았다. 갑오개혁~대한제국기에는 공문서를 과(課) 단위로 편철하였지만, 課 하위단위의 분류규정이 없어 분류도장의 문서철 분류를 대한제국기 공문서 분류체계의 원질서로 파악할 수 있는가의 여부는 명확하지 않다. 그러나 편철 방식은 문서 분류체계를 반영하므로, 편철 방식을 통해 대한제국기 과(課) 하위단위의 분류체계를 추론해 본다면, 분류체계는 '과(課) - 거래기관'과 '과(課) - 문서연도' 두 체계로 구분되었을 것으로 이해된다. 조선총독부는 대한제국기 공문서를 인계받고 창고에 보관하면서, 각 문서철에 창고번호도장을 찍었다. 창고번호도장은 대체적으로 각 창고별로 문서를 편철한 기관을 구분하여 문서철을 보관하였다. 각 창고의 서가에도 대체적으로 분류도장 호수 순으로 문서철을 배열하였지만, 일부 문서철은 호수가 뒤섞여 서가에 배열되어 서가와 호수 순서가 맞지 않았다. 서가에 문서철을 배열한 다음 각 문서철에 'イロハ 가(歌)' 순으로 기호를 부여했지만, 기호 역시 호수 순으로 부여된 것은 아니었다. 조선총독부가 각 창고에 문서철을 보관하는 과정에서 분류도장의 분류체계가 해체되고 있었던 것이다. 창고번호도장에서 나타난 특징 가운데 하나는 분류도장에서 각 문서철에 부여한 보존기간의 의미가 사라지고 있다는 점이다. 보존기간은 해당 문서가 지닌 역사적 행정적 가치에 따라 결정된다. 그런데 창고번호도장에서는 보존기간의 구분 없이 같은 서가에 보존기간이 다른 문서철을 뒤섞어 함께 배열하였다. 일본은 한국을 병합하면서 대한제국기 공문서를 일정 기간이 지난 뒤 폐기해야 할 행정 문서가 아니라, 식민 통치에 필요한 '고고(考古)의 재료(材料)'로 취급하였다. 일반 행정문서에서 식민 통치에 필요한 재료로 문서의 가치 평가가 전환되면서, 문서철에 부여된 보존기간에 상관없이 대한제국기 공문서를 모두 동일한 대상으로 취급하여 함께 보관하였던 것이다. 조선총독부는 식민 통치에 필요한 재료로 활용하기 위해 갑오개혁~대한제국기 공문서를 재정리하면서 부(部)를 단위로 재분류함으로써 대한제국기의 과(課)를 단위로 한 기관별 분류체계와 그 속에 포함되어 있던 기능별 분류의 성격도 해체하였다.